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South Africa Judgment

Free State High Court, Bloemfontein

Long v Road Accident Fund (2671/2023) [2024] ZAFSHC 394 (10 December 2024)

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01

Holding and result

The court held that the plaintiff failed to prove service of the summons on the defendant, which is a prerequisite for the granting of default judgment. The absence of a return of service rendered the application procedurally defective. Furthermore, the defendant's late filing of its notice of intention to defend did not warrant a costs order against it, as the matter should not have been enrolled in the first place. The court emphasized that it is impermissible to seek default judgment without satisfying the basic procedural requirement of service, and the application was accordingly struck from the roll with no order as to costs.

Court disposition

Plaintiff's application for default judgment struck from the roll with no order as to costs.

Orders

  • The application for default judgment is struck from the roll.
  • No order as to costs.

02

Material facts

Parties

Kaylin-Lee Long

Plaintiff Counsel: Mr JMA Venter

Road Accident Fund

Defendant Counsel: Ms J Gouws

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Default Judgment Application / Reasons for Striking From Roll

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
The plaintiff sought default judgment on the merits, requested separation of quantum, and claimed costs, asserting entitlement to compensation for damages sustained in a motor vehicle collision. The plaintiff's attorney set the matter down for hearing, relying on the assumption that service had been effected at the defendant's principal place of business.
Respondent
The defendant filed a notice of intention to defend and a notice in terms of rule 36(4) on the morning of the hearing, indicating its intention to contest the matter. The defendant did not make submissions regarding costs, and its late filing was noted but not penalized.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    Uniform Rules of Court, Rule 31(2)(a)

    Default judgment cannot be granted unless service of summons on the defendant is properly proved.

  2. 02

    Uniform Rules of Court

    Matters should not be enrolled for hearing unless all procedural requirements, including proof of service, are satisfied.

  3. 03

    General principles of costs in civil procedure

    Costs should not be awarded against a party who has not unduly delayed or prejudiced proceedings, especially where procedural defects originate from the applicant.

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The court held that the plaintiff failed to prove service of the summons on the defendant, which is a prerequisite for the granting of default judgment. The absence of a return of service rendered the application procedurally defective. Furthermore, the defendant's late filing of its notice of intention to defend did not warrant a costs order against it, as the matter should not have been enrolled in the first place. The court emphasized that it is impermissible to seek default judgment without satisfying the basic procedural requirement of service, and the application was accordingly struck from the roll with no order as to costs.

Obiter and limits

  • It is unusual for a litigant seeking default judgment to request leave to proceed on a piece-meal basis.
  • The matter should never have been enrolled for hearing in the absence of proof of service.

Court disposition

Plaintiff's application for default judgment struck from the roll with no order as to costs.

  • The application for default judgment is struck from the roll.
  • No order as to costs.

Source and reliance status

Free State High Court, Bloemfontein

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Judgment reading view

Judgment text

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Source document

Free State High Court, Bloemfontein

Judgment

[2024] ZAFSHC 394

SAFLII Note: Certain personal/private details of parties or witnesses have been redacted from this document in compliance with the law and SAFLII Policy

IN

THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA

FREE STATE DIVISION, BLOEMFONTEIN

Reportable: NO

Of Interest to other Judges: NO

Circulate to Magistrates: NO

Case no: 2671/2023

In the matter between: KAYLIN-LEE

LONG Plaintiff Identity number: 01[…] L452 And

ROAD

ACCIDENT FUND Defendant Link: 5268516 Claim: 560/1288079729/1063/0

Coram:

JP DAFFUE J

Heard and order granted: 14 NOVEMBER 2024

Reasons delivered: 10 DECEMBER 2024

Reasons were handed down electronically by circulation to the parties’ representatives by email and release to SAFLII. The date and time for hand-down is deemed to be 15H00 on 10 DECEMBER 2024.

REASONS

Daffue J

[1] On 14 November 2024 I struck the plaintiff’s application for default judgment from the roll with no order as to costs. I stated that my reasons would follow in due course. These are my reasons.

[2] On 30 May 2023 the plaintiff issued a combined summons under case number 2671/2023 against the defendant. The plaintiff’s attorney apparently intended to serve the summons on the defendant at an address in Pretoria North, Gauteng, allegedly the defendant’s principal place of business.

[3] The plaintiff set the matter down on the unopposed motion court roll of 14 November 2024 for default judgment. Upon perusal of the file contents, I found only the following documents in the court file:

a. the aforesaid combined summons and attached thereto as annexure X, a notice in terms of rule 41A(2)(c);

b. a request for default judgment in terms of rule 31(2)(a) issued on 28 October 2024 set down for hearing on 14 November 2024.

[4] The plaintiff claimed the following in the request for default judgment which I quote verbatim:

‘1. That the quantum pertaining to damages suffered by the Applicant be separated in terms of Rule 33(4).

2. That default judgment in the action be granted in terms of Rule 31(2)(a) on 100% of the merits in favour of the Applicant and that the Respondent be ordered to compensate the Applicant for all proven and/or agreed damages that the Applicant sustained in a motor vehicle collision that occurred on 21 June 2020.

3. Costs of the action to date hereof and the costs of the application.’

[5] No return of service forms part of the documents presented to the court. This probably explain why the defendant did not defend the action, but it is unnecessary to make any finding in this regard. Upon perusal of the file contents over the weekend in preparation for motion court I noted in my bench book that the matter ought to be struck from the roll with no order as to costs. At that stage I was still unaware what would come.

[6] On the motion court day, to wit 14 November 2024, I was placed in possession of the defendant’s notice of intention to defend as well as its notice in terms of rule 36(4) of the Uniform Rules Court. These documents were sent electronically to the plaintiff’s Bloemfontein attorneys and copied to my secretary just after 04h00 that same morning. Consequently, the matter became defended.

[7] It is the first time that I have come across a litigant applying for default judgment who seeks leave from the court to hear the matter piece-meal. In conclusion, I had no other option than striking the matter from the roll in view of the failure to prove service of the summons. Although the defendant filed its notice of intention to defend belatedly, there was no reason to grant costs against it. The matter should never have been enrolled in the first place.

JP

DAFFUE J

Appearances For the plaintiff: Mr JMA Venter Instructed by: Kruger Venter Attorneys Bloemfontein For defendant: Ms J Gouws Instructed by: Road Accident Fund Bloemfontein

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Authorities

Authorities used by the court

Cases, legislation, regulations, and constitutional provisions identified in the available record.

Uniform Rules of Court, Rule 31(2)(a)

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

Uniform Rules of Court, Rule 36(4)

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

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