S v De Lange en 'n Ander (35/94) [1995] ZASCA 94 (14 September 1995)
- Citation
- [1995] ZASCA 94
- Status
- Judgment
- Jurisdiction
- South Africa
- Court
- Supreme Court of Appeal
- Panel
- E M Grosskopf, Nestadt, Arr, Scott
- Case number
- 35/94
More details
- Court
- Supreme Court of Appeal
- Panel
- E M Grosskopf, Nestadt, Arr, Scott
- Case number
- 35/94
On this page
Professional case brief
Research organized from the available case record
01
Holding and result
The Supreme Court of Appeal held that the sentences imposed by the trial court were reasonable and appropriately distinguished between the seriousness of the respective offences committed by the appellants. The first appellant was convicted on two counts and sentenced to two years' imprisonment, with the sentences running concurrently, while the second appellant was convicted on one count and sentenced to two years' imprisonment, one year of which was suspended. The court found no improper exercise of discretion or misdirection by the trial magistrate. The personal circumstances of the appellants, including their status as first offenders and stable employment, were duly considered and did not warrant further leniency. The appeals were accordingly dismissed.
Court disposition
The appeals of both appellants are dismissed.
Orders
- The appeals of both appellants are dismissed.
02
Material facts
Parties
Johannes Jacobus De Lange
AppellantJohannes Rudolph Strauss
AppellantThe State
RespondentAmounts and remedies
- Sentence Imposed on First Appellant (effective): ZAR 2
- Sentence Imposed on Second Appellant (effective): ZAR 1
03
Procedural history
Posture
Criminal Appeal / Appeal From Conviction and Sentence
04
Questions and positions
Legal issues
- 01
Whether the sentences imposed on the appellants were disproportionate in relation to the seriousness of their respective offences.
- 02
Whether the trial court exercised its sentencing discretion improperly or committed a misdirection.
- 03
Whether the personal circumstances of the appellants warranted greater leniency in sentencing.
Party arguments
- Applicant
- Counsel for the appellants argued that the sentences imposed were disproportionate and inconsistent, relying on S v Marx 1989 (1) SA 222 (A), and that the offences were of similar blameworthiness. It was further contended that the sentences were unduly severe given the appellants' personal circumstances, including their status as first offenders, stable employment, and family responsibilities.
- Respondent
- The respondent maintained that the sentences were appropriate, reflecting the seriousness of the offences as contemplated by the legislature. The trial magistrate had properly considered all relevant factors, including the limited number of counterfeit notes involved and the appellants' personal circumstances, and exercised his discretion judiciously.
05
Court’s reasoning
Legal principles
- 01
S v Marx 1989 (1) SA 222 (A)
An appellate court will not interfere with a trial court's sentencing discretion unless there has been a material misdirection or the sentence is disturbingly inappropriate.
- 02
Prevention of Counterfeiting of Currency Act 16 of 1965, section 2(i)
The issuance of counterfeit banknotes is regarded by the legislature as a very serious offence, warranting severe punishment.
06
Ratio, limits and disposition
Ratio decidendi
The Supreme Court of Appeal held that the sentences imposed by the trial court were reasonable and appropriately distinguished between the seriousness of the respective offences committed by the appellants. The first appellant was convicted on two counts and sentenced to two years' imprisonment, with the sentences running concurrently, while the second appellant was convicted on one count and sentenced to two years' imprisonment, one year of which was suspended. The court found no improper exercise of discretion or misdirection by the trial magistrate. The personal circumstances of the appellants, including their status as first offenders and stable employment, were duly considered and did not warrant further leniency. The appeals were accordingly dismissed.
Obiter and limits
- The court noted that although the appellants might have been charged under a different statute, this would not have affected the competent sentence nor did the appellants complain about any defect in the charge sheet.
- The trial magistrate was aware that the offences involved only a small number of counterfeit notes, which was taken into account in sentencing.
Court disposition
The appeals of both appellants are dismissed.
- The appeals of both appellants are dismissed.
Source and reliance status
Supreme Court of Appeal
This page organises the available record for research. Confirm quotations, current status, and subsequent treatment against the official source before relying on the case.
Judgment reading view
Judgment text
The complete available source text.
Supreme Court of Appeal
Judgment
Saak Nr 35/94
IN DIE HOOGGEREGSHOF VAN SUID-AFRIKA (APPèLAFDELING)
In die saak tussen:JOHANNES JACOBUS DE LANGE Eerste AppellantJOHANNES RUDOLPH STRAUSS Tweede AppellantenDIE STAAT Respondent
CORAM: E M GROSSKOPF, NESTADT, ARR et SCOTT Wn ARVERHOOR: 25 Augustus 1995
GELEWER: 14 September 1995
UITSPRAAK E M GROSSKOPF, AR
2
Die twee appellante is in die Streekhof teVanderbijlpark daaraan skuldig bevind dat hullevervalste twintig rand note uitgegee het. Eersteappellant se skuldigbevinding was op twee klagtes. Diebetrokke oortredings is onderskeidelik gepleeg op 17Oktober 1991 en 3 November 1991. In albei gevalle iseen noot uitgegee. Die tweede appellant is skuldigbevind to v 'n enkele oortreding gepleeg op 18 Oktober1991. Hy het ook een vervalste noot uitgegee. Dieeerste appellant is op elk van die twee klagtes tottwee jaar gevangenisstraf gevonnis, maar daar is gelasdat die twee vonnisse saamloop. Sy effektiewegevangenisstraf is dus twee jaar. Die tweede appellantis gevonnis tot twee jaar gevangenisstraf, waarvan eenjaar op gepaste voorwaardes opgeskort is. 'n Appèl nadie Oranje-Vrystaatse Provinsiale Afdeling teen dievonnisse het misluk. Met die nodige verlof kom die3
appellante nou in hoër beroep na hierdie hof.Namens die appellante is eerstens betoog, op gesag van S v Marx 1989 (1) SA 222 (A) op 225 (B-J), dat daar oneweredige vonnisse op die appellante opgelê is met betrekking tot misdade wat wesentlik ewe blaamwaardig was. Ek stem nie saam nie. Die eerste appellant is aan twee oortredings skuldig bevind en is effektief 'n jaar gevangenisstraf vir elk opgelê. Die tweede appellant het 'n enkele oortreding begaan waarvoor hy twee jaar gevangenisstraf, met een jaar opgeskort, ontvang het. Dit kom my 'n heeltemal redelike manier voor om te onderskei tussen die erns van die appellante se onderskeie oortredings.
Verder is betoog dat die vonnisse in elk geval te swaar was. Dit is geykte reg dat 'n hof van appèl nie met 'n verhoorhof se vonnisoplegging inmeng tensy daar 'n onbehoorlike diskresie-uitoefening aan die kant van
4
die verhoorhof was nie. In die onderhawige geval word daar nie betoog dat die streeklanddros enige mistasting begaan het nie. Die argument is dat die vonnisse so skokkend onvanpas was dat afgelei kan word dat die verhoorhof nie sy diskresie behoorlik uitgeoefen het nie. Die appellante is aangekla ingevolge art 2(c) van die Wet op Voorkoming van Vervalsing van Betaalmiddele, 16 van 1965. Kragtens art 2(i) van die Wet is 'n oortreder strafbaar met gevangenisstraf vir 'n tydperk van hoogstens vyftien jaar. Terloops, dit mag wees dat die appellante eerder aangekla moes gewees het van 'n oortreding van art 34 (l)(a) van die Wet op die Suid-Afrikaanse Reserwebank, 90 van 1989, maar dit sou geen verskil aan die bevoegde straf gemaak het nie, en die appellante het hul nie oor enige gebrek in die klagstaat bekla nie. Die belangrike punt is dat die uitgifte van vervalste banknote as 'n baie ernstige
5
misdaad deur die wetgewer beskou word, en die streeklanddros het hierdie faktor tereg in aanmerking geneem. Aan die ander kant was hy ook bedag daarop dat die huidige oortredings net met enkele banknote te doen gehad het.
Die persoonlike omstandighede van die twee appellante is die volgende. Die eerste appellant is 35 jaar oud. Hy is 'n eerste oortreder. Hy is getroud en het twee kinders. Hy is in vaste werk. Die tweede appellant is 'n jong man van 22 jaar en ook 'n eerste oortreder. Hy het vaste werk maar geen afhanklikes nie. Hierdie persoonlike omstandighede is uiteraard strafversagtend. Die verhoorlanddros was egter bewus hiervan, en het dit in ag geneem. Dit is vir my onmoontlik om te sê dat hy nie genoeg gewig daaraan geheg het tot so 'n mate dat dit as 'n mistasting aangeteken kan word nie.
6
Ek meen dus dat daar geen gronde is waarop die
streeklanddros se diskresie-uitoefening aangeveg kan word nie. Die appèlle van altwee appellante word afgewys.
E M GROSSKOPF, AR
NESTADT, AR
SCOTT, Wn AR Stem saam
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