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South Africa Judgment

High Courts - Gauteng

S v Dube en Andere (A1188/2006) [2008] ZAGPHC 202 (21 May 2008)

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Source document

01

Holding and result

The regional magistrate's decision was based on incomplete information, as only the delegation under section 20(5) of the National Prosecuting Authority Act was presented, and not the agreement under section 38, which properly authorized Mr Krause as an ad hoc prosecutor. The High Court found that the existence of the section 38 agreement was a decisive fact, rendering the magistrate's finding incorrect. The matter was reviewable by the High Court due to the potential for grave injustice. Consequently, the finding that Mr Krause lacked proper delegation was set aside, and the matter was remitted for continuation of the trial.

Court disposition

The regional magistrate's finding that Mr Krause lacked proper delegation is set aside. The matter is remitted to the trial court for continuation.

Orders

  • The finding of the regional magistrate, Middelburg, that Mr GF Krause did not have a proper delegation to act as prosecutor in this matter is set aside.
  • The matter is referred back to the trial court for continuation of the hearing.

02

Material facts

Parties

Patrick Dube en Andere

Appellant

Die Staat

Respondent

Amounts and remedies

  • Amount Allegedly Stolen: ZAR 26,800,000

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Special Review / High Court Review of Regional Magistrate's Decision

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
The appellants did not make submissions before the High Court, although their legal representatives initially indicated an intention to do so. An affidavit from one of the attorneys questioned the correctness of Mr Krause's affidavit and suggested he should have anticipated the application, but no substantive argument was presented.
Respondent
The State argued that Mr Krause, although a private practitioner, was properly appointed as prosecutor due to his expertise, and that he was remunerated by Business Against Crime. The State submitted that every prosecutor must have a delegation from the National Director of Public Prosecutions or a deputy, including ad hoc contracted prosecutors. The State provided evidence of a delegation under section 20(5) of Act 32 of 1998 and, crucially, a further agreement under section 38 of the Act, which had not been placed before the regional magistrate.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    National Prosecuting Authority Act 32 of 1998

    A prosecutor acting on behalf of the State must possess a valid delegation from the National Director of Public Prosecutions or a deputy, including ad hoc appointments.

  2. 02

    National Prosecuting Authority Act 32 of 1998

    Section 38 of the Act governs delegations to ad hoc prosecutors, while section 20(5) applies to permanent employees.

  3. 03

    Ismael & Others v Additional Magistrate, Wynberg & Another 1963(1) SA 1 (A); Magistrate Stutterheim v Mashiya 2004 (5) SA 209 (HHA)

    The High Court may review a magistrate's decision where grave injustice might otherwise result and justice requires intervention.

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The regional magistrate's decision was based on incomplete information, as only the delegation under section 20(5) of the National Prosecuting Authority Act was presented, and not the agreement under section 38, which properly authorized Mr Krause as an ad hoc prosecutor. The High Court found that the existence of the section 38 agreement was a decisive fact, rendering the magistrate's finding incorrect. The matter was reviewable by the High Court due to the potential for grave injustice. Consequently, the finding that Mr Krause lacked proper delegation was set aside, and the matter was remitted for continuation of the trial.

Obiter and limits

  • The absence of submissions from the accused's legal representatives limited the court's consideration of their position.
  • The court noted that private practitioners may be appointed as prosecutors for their expertise, provided proper delegation is in place.
  • The review jurisdiction of the High Court is justified where justice demands intervention, even in procedural matters.

Court disposition

The regional magistrate's finding that Mr Krause lacked proper delegation is set aside. The matter is remitted to the trial court for continuation.

  • The finding of the regional magistrate, Middelburg, that Mr GF Krause did not have a proper delegation to act as prosecutor in this matter is set aside.
  • The matter is referred back to the trial court for continuation of the hearing.

Source and reliance status

High Courts - Gauteng

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Judgment reading view

Judgment text

The complete available source text.

Source document

High Courts - Gauteng

Judgment

[2008] ZAGPHC 202

IN DIE HOOGGEREGSHOF VAN SUID AFRIKA

(TRANSVAALSE PROVINSIALE AFDELING)

Saak No: A1188/2006

Datum: 21/05/2008

ONRAPORTEERBAAR

In die saak tussen:

Patrick Dube en Andere Appelant

En

Die Staat Respondent

UITSPRAAK

JORDAAN R:

Hierdie saak is as 'n "spesiale hersiening" voor hierdie hot geplaas. "n Groep beskuldigdes het voor die streekhof te Middelburg (Mpumalanga) op sekere klagtes insluitend "n klagte van huisbraak waar daar na bewering by die AB SA bank te Nelspruit ingebreek is en R26,8 miljoen gesteel is. Die identiteit en die aard van die klagtes is vir doeleindes van hierdie uitspraak nie ter sake nie. Hoewel daar aanvanklik deur die beskuldigdes se prokureurs aangedui is dat hulle submisies voor ons wou maak is skynbaar uiteindelik daarteen besluit. Behoorlike kennis van die datum van aanhoor van die saak was gegee maar die enigste party wat submissies voor ons gemaak het was die staat.

Beknop saamgevat het die volgende verloop van sake daartoe aanleiding gegee dat die saak as 'n "spesiale hersiening" voor ons gedien het:

Die saak teen die beskuldigdes het reeds 'n hele ent verloop. Op 13 September 2006 is die saak voor die verhoorhof geplaas bloot om 'n datum te reël vir die verdere verhoor van die saak. Voordat die saak egter na die gereelde datum uitgestel kon word het die regsverteenwoordigers van die beskuldigdes beswaar gemaak teen die regsgeldigheid van die aanstelling van die aanklaer wat die saak hanteer het, mnr GF Krause. Na aanhoor van argument het die streeklanddros die verdediging gelyk gegee. Die saak toe is van die rei geskrap waarop die saak op "spesiale hersiening gestuur is.

Mnr Krause is nie in diens van die staat nie maar is 'n privaat praktisyn. Privaat praktisyns word van tyd tot tyd aangewend as aanklaers weens hul besondere kundigheid op 'n spesifieke gebied. Hierdie is so 'n geval. Die aanstelling van mnr Krause hou vir die staat geen finansiële implikasies in nie aangesien hy verged word vir sy optrede as aanklaer deur 'n instansie bekend as Business Against Crime.

Elke aanklaer wat vervolgings namens die staat behartig moet 'n delegasie van die Nasionale Direkteur van open bare vervolgings (of sy adjunk) hê om as sulks op te tree. Dit sluit ad hoc gekontrakteerde aanklaers soos mnr Krause in.

Die kern van die beswaar teen die regsgeldigheid van mnr Krause se aanstelling was dat sy delegasie gebrekkig was en nie ingevolge die korrekte artikel van die tersaaklike wet, Wet 32 van 1998, uitgereik was nie. Dit was betoog dat die delegasie ingevolge artikel 20(5) van die wet was. Dit was betoog dat hierdie artikel slegs betrekking het op permanente werknemers in diens van die staat. Die betoog was dat die delegasie ingevolge artikel 38 van die wet gegee moes wees aangesien hierdie artikel delegasies aan ad hoc aanklaers reël.

Die delegasie wat voer die streeklanddros ter sprake was was inderdaad 'n delegasie wat aan mnr Krause uitgereik was ingevolge artikel 20(5) van die wet. Hierdie delegasie is gedateer 27 Oktober 2004.

Op dit wat voor die streeklanddros geplaas was was hy na alle waarskynlikheid korrek in sy beslissing dat mm Krause nie 'n behoorlike delegasie gehad het om as aanklaer in die saak op te tree nie. Dit blyk egter nou dat die volle prentjie nie deur enige van die partye voer hom geplaas was nie.

Daar was voor ons 'n eedsverklaring van mnr Krause. Daarin sê hy onder meer dat hy nie tydens die beswaar teen die regsgeldigheid van sy aanstelling 'n verdere dokument wat inderdaad 'n ooreenkoms tussen hom en die vervolgingsgesag beliggaam het by hom gehad het nie. Dit blyk inderdaad dat daar nie vooraf aan hom kennis gegee was dat 'n aansoek van hierdie aard gebring sou word nie. Hierdie dokument het hy as aanhangsel tot sy eedsverklaring voor ons geplaas. Dit is inderdaad 'n dokument ingevolge artikel 38 van die wet. Dit is ook op 27 Oktober 2004 deur 'n adjunk nasionale direkteur van openbare vervolgings onderteken. Mnr Krause het dit op 28 Oktober 2004 onderteken. Dit wil dus voorkom asof die dokument ingevolge artikel 20(5) van die wet ex abundante cautela opgestel was ter bevestiging van die ooreenkoms ingevolge artikel 38 van die wet. Soos vermeld was hierdie dokument nie onder die streeklanddros se aandag gebring nie.

Soos vermeld het ons nie die voordeel gehad van enige submissies namens enige van die beskuldigdes in die saak nie. Daar was wel op 'n stadium 'n eedsverklaring geliaseer deur een van die prokureurs waarin te kenne gegee word dat die korektheid van mm Krause se eedsverklaring bevraagteken word dat hy onverhoeds betrap was aangesien daar tevore in 'n ander hof 'n soortgelyke aansoek was en hy dus die aansoek moes voorsien het. Hieroor kan ek my nie uitlaat nie. Die bestaan van die ooreenkoms tussen die Nasionale direkteur van openbare vervolgings en mnr Krause ingevolge artikel 38 van die wet is 'n voldonge feit.

Daar word ook in die eedsverklaring van die prakureur bedenkinge uitgespreek ot die saak hoegenaamd regtens hersienbaar is. In 'n voorlegging deur verteenwoordigers van die onder andere oor hierdie aspek word betoog met verwysing na Ismael & Others v Additional Magistrate, Wynberg & Another 1963(1) SA 1 (A) op 5 H en Magistrate Stutterheim v Mashiya 2004 (5) SA 209 HHA op 213 F-G en 215 C- 216 A dat hierdie hot wel die aangeleentheid moet beoordeel aangesien "grave injustice might otherwise result" en geregtigheid dit vereis. Ek stem saam.

Die volgende bevel word dus gemaak:

1. Die bevinding van die streeklanddros, Middelburg dat mnr GF Krause nie 'n behoorlike delegasie gehad het om as aanklaer in hierdie saak op te tree nie word ter syde gestel.

2. Die saak word na die verhoorhof terugverwys vir voortsetting van die verhoor.

E. Jordaan

Regter van die Hooggeregshof

Ek stem saam

T M Makgoka

Waarnemende regter van die Hooggeregshof

Source wording is retained. Consult the source document for its original formatting and pagination.

Authorities

Authorities used by the court

Cases, legislation, regulations, and constitutional provisions identified in the available record.

Ismael & Others v Additional Magistrate, Wynberg & Another 1963(1) SA 1 (A)

Case cited

Magistrate Stutterheim v Mashiya 2004 (5) SA 209 (HHA)

Case cited

National Prosecuting Authority Act 32 of 1998

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

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