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South Africa Judgment

Free State High Court, Bloemfontein

S v Mofokeng [2006] ZAFSHC 118 (6 April 2006)

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01

Holding and result

The court found that the trial magistrate was misinformed regarding the appellant's previous convictions, relying on incomplete information from the G344 prison form rather than the standard SAP69 form. This misinformation led to an unduly severe sentence. The appellant's personal circumstances, including his age, status as a first offender, family responsibilities, and guilty plea, warranted a more lenient approach. The court also considered the relatively low value of the stolen vehicle and the absence of premeditation. The interests of society require that motor vehicle theft be punished appropriately, but the sentence must not be shockingly inappropriate. The court concluded that a five-year term of imprisonment was suitable and ordered that it be served separately from any other sentence imposed on the appellant.

Court disposition

Appeal against sentence upheld; sentence reduced.

Orders

  • The conviction is confirmed.
  • The sentence imposed by the trial court is set aside and replaced with a sentence of five years' imprisonment, deemed to have been imposed on 24 January 2003.
  • The sentence must be served separately from any other sentence imposed on 24 January 2003.

02

Material facts

Parties

Tautana Jan Mofokeng

Appellant Counsel: Ms Bezuidenhout

The State

Respondent Counsel: Ms Bester

Amounts and remedies

  • Value of Stolen Vehicle: ZAR 35,000
  • Original Sentence (years): 8
  • Reduced Sentence (years): 5

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Criminal Appeal / Appeal Against Sentence

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
The appellant argued for a reduction of his sentence, stating that he was already serving a five-year sentence for a similar offence and that the current sentence was imposed while he was still serving the previous one. He submitted that the sentence was excessive given his personal circumstances, including being a first offender, his age, the death of his wife, and his responsibility for two minor children. He pleaded guilty, indicating acceptance of responsibility, and contended that the offence was not premeditated and the value of the stolen vehicle was relatively low.
Respondent
The respondent maintained that motor vehicle theft is a serious and prevalent offence, and that the value of the vehicle, regardless of its monetary worth, is significant to the owner. The respondent agreed that the sentence should not run concurrently with previous sentences, as this would undermine the deterrent effect of the punishment. The respondent also acknowledged that the appellant's previous convictions were relevant only to indicate his criminal character, but not to justify an unduly harsh sentence.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    R v Zonele and Others 1959 (3) SA 319 (A)

    Sentencing must be balanced, taking into account the seriousness of the offence, the interests of society, and the personal circumstances of the accused.

  2. 02

    Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977

    Previous convictions may be considered to indicate criminal character, but should not result in disproportionate punishment if not properly substantiated.

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The court found that the trial magistrate was misinformed regarding the appellant's previous convictions, relying on incomplete information from the G344 prison form rather than the standard SAP69 form. This misinformation led to an unduly severe sentence. The appellant's personal circumstances, including his age, status as a first offender, family responsibilities, and guilty plea, warranted a more lenient approach. The court also considered the relatively low value of the stolen vehicle and the absence of premeditation. The interests of society require that motor vehicle theft be punished appropriately, but the sentence must not be shockingly inappropriate. The court concluded that a five-year term of imprisonment was suitable and ordered that it be served separately from any other sentence imposed on the appellant.

Obiter and limits

  • The court noted that the value of a stolen vehicle, regardless of its monetary worth, is significant to its owner and should be considered in sentencing.
  • The court emphasized that sentences for similar offences should not automatically run concurrently, as this may negate the deterrent effect of punishment.
  • The court observed that incomplete or inaccurate information regarding previous convictions can lead to unjust sentencing outcomes.

Court disposition

Appeal against sentence upheld; sentence reduced.

  • The conviction is confirmed.
  • The sentence imposed by the trial court is set aside and replaced with a sentence of five years' imprisonment, deemed to have been imposed on 24 January 2003.
  • The sentence must be served separately from any other sentence imposed on 24 January 2003.

Source and reliance status

Free State High Court, Bloemfontein

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Judgment reading view

Judgment text

The complete available source text.

Source document

Free State High Court, Bloemfontein

Judgment

[2006] ZAFSHC 118

IN DIE HOOGGEREGSHOF VAN SUID-AFRIKA

(ORANJE VRYSTAATSE PROVINSIALE AFDELING)

Appèl Nr. : A253/2004

In die appèl tussen:

TAUTANA

JAN MOFOKENG Appellant

en

DIE

STAAT Respondent

_____________

CORAM: MALHERBE, RP et VAN ZYL, R

UITSPRAAK: VAN ZYL, R

AANGEHOOR OP: 13 FEBRUARIE 2006

GELEWER OP: 6 APRIL 2006

[1] Appellant het in die streekhof te Sasolburg tereggestaan op ‘n aanklag van diefstal van ‘n Mazda Drifter voertuig ter waarde van R35 000,00 gepleeg tussen 31 Oktober 2000 en 1 November 2000. Hy het skuldig gepleit en is skuldig bevind aan die ten laste gelegde misdryf. By nalees van die verklaring in terme van artikel 112(2) van die Strafproseswet, Wet No. 51 van 1977, blyk dit dat appellant heeltemal tereg skuldig bevind is. Hy is op 24 Januarie 2003 tot 8 jaar gevangenisstraf gevonnis.

[2] Die appèl is slegs teen die opgelegde vonnis gerig.

[3] In sy handgeskrewe kennisgewing van appèl, het appellant versoek dat sy opgelegde vonnis verminder word. Hy het egter ook daarin vermeld dat die onderhawige vonnis opgelê is

“...while I was still serving the sentence of (5) five years of the very same offence which I have been sentenced for it on the (13)th of February 2001.” (Sien oorkonde p. 42).

Voormelde opmerking het die vrees by hierdie Hof laat ontstaan dat appellant moontlik twee keer op dieselfde aanklag tereggestaan het en gevonnis is. Dit dien vermeld te word dat die gebruiklike SAP69-vorm ten opsigte van appellant se vorige veroordelings nie in die Hof a quo beskikbaar was nie. Daar is slegs gebruik gemaak van die Gevangenisowerheid se G344-vorm, welke vorm 3 ander oortredings van appellant reflekteer. Hierdie G344-vorm dui slegs die saaknommer, die tipe misdryf, die datum waarna die saak uitgestel is en ‘n vonnis kategorie aan. Dit blyk derhalwe nie daaruit wanneer die misdrywe gepleeg is en wanneer die vonnisse opgelê is nie. Daarom het hierdie Hof deur middel van die Griffier afskrifte bekom van die notules van die onderskeie sake wat op die G344-vorm aangedui is, ten einde hulself te vergewis dat appellant nie moontlik reeds op die onderhawige misdaad skuldig bevind en gevonnis is nie. By nalees van laasgenoemde notules, het dit egter geblyk dat die misdryf ten opsigte waarvan appellant op 13 Februarie 2001 gevonnis is soos na verwys in sy kennisgewing van appèl, inderdaad ten opsigte van ‘n ander misdryf dan die onderhawige was.

[4] Vervolgens moet die opgelegde vonnis en die Verhoorlanddros se redes daarvoor evalueer word. Dit blyk uit die oorkonde dat appellant die oortredings gereflekteer op die G344-vorm as “vorige veroordelings” erken het. (Sien oorkonde p. 32). Die oortredings wat op die G344-vorm aangetoon word, is een van diefstal met ‘n 2000 saaknommer, een van motordiefstal met ‘n 2001 saaknommer en een van poging tot ontvlugting met ‘n 2003 saaknommer. Soos reeds vermeld, dui die G344-vorm nie aan wanneer hierdie misdrywe gepleeg is nie, wanneer appellant daarop gevonnis is nie en ook nie welke termyn van gevangenisstraf opgelê is nie. Die datums wat wel daarop aangedui word, is datums onder die opskrif “Date remanded to”. Wat die termyn van gevangenisstraf betref, is daar slegs ‘n “Sentence catogory” aangedui van 3 – 5 jaar. Die bepaalde termyn van gevangenisstraf wat opgelê is, is nie aangedui nie. Desnieteenstaande het die Verhoorlanddros in sy vonnisoplegging die volgende vermeld:

“Dit is ongelukkig so dat hy op onderskeidelik 13 Februarie en 26 April 2001 gevonnis is in Witsieshoek vir onder andere diefstal en diefstal van ‘n motorvoertuig en huidiglik moet hy nog twee jaar en tien maande van daardie vonnis uitdien.”

(Sien oorkonde p. 34).

[5] Voormelde stel na my mening derhalwe duidelik ‘n wanvoorligting daar, aangesien hierdie hierdie inligting nie uit die G344-vorm blyk nie. Na my mening het hierdie wanvoorligting tot gevolg gehad dat die Verhoorlanddros ‘n vonnis opgelê het wat in die geheel van die omstandighede van hierdie saak, skokkend onvanpas is en ingryping regverdig.

[6] Wat die persoonlike omstandighede van appellant betref, was hy ten tyde van vonnisoplegging ongeveer 30 jaar oud, was sy vrou oorlede en het hy twee minderjarige kinders van onderskeidelik 8 jaar en 4 jaar oud gehad wat deur sy ouers versorg is. Appellant moet geag word ‘n eerste oortreder te wees. Die enigste waarde wat die Verhoorlanddros kon geheg het aan die ander relevante oortredings wat op die G344-vorm gereflekteer word, is dat dit hoogstens aanduidend is van die misdadige karakter van die appellant. (Sien oorkonde p. 35 en sien R v ZONELE AND OTHERS 1959 (3) SA 319 (A)). Appellant het ook skuldig gepleit, wat na mening aanduidend is daarvan dat hy verantwoordelikheid aanvaar het vir sy oortreding.

[7] Met betrekking tot die aard en erns van die misdryf, het Mej. Bezuidenhout, namens appellant, heeltemal tereg betoog dat dit uit die artikel 112(2) verklaring blyk dat die misdryf nie vooraf beplan was nie. Met betrekking tot die feit dat die waarde van die motorvoertuig as R35 000,00 aangetoon word, het Mev. Bester, namens die Staat, betoog dat ‘n voertuig met ‘n mindere waarde, soos in hierdie geval, net so waardevol vir die eienaar daarvan is as ‘n duurder voertuig. Ek is egter van mening dat hierdie mindere waarde van die voertuig wel ten gunste van appellant in aanmerking geneem moet word. Hierteenoor is dit egter heeltemal tereg deur die Verhoorlanddros in ag geneem dat motordiefstal as sulks ‘n ernstige misdryf is wat geredelik voorkom en is dit derhalwe ook in belang van die gemeenskap dat daar nie ‘n te ligte vonnis ten opsigte van sodanige misdryf opgelê kan of behoort te word nie.

[8] Laastens is dit so dat appellant ‘n gevonnisde prisonier was ten tyde van die onderhawige vonnisoplegging. Beide Juf. Bezuidenhout en Mev. Bester was dit eens dat die onderhawige vonnis nie samelopend met enige vorige vonnis van appellant uitgedien behoort te word nie, aangesien dit die doel en effek van die onderhawige vonnis sal negeer.

[9] Na ‘n ewewigtige oorweging van die elemente van strafoplegging en die besondere omstandighede van hierdie saak, is ek van mening dat ‘n termyn van 5 jaar gevangenisstraf ‘n gepaste vonnis is.

[10] Gevolglik word die volgende bevele verleen:

Die skuldigbevinding word bekragtig.

Die opgelegde vonnis word ter syde gestel en vervang met een van van 5 (vyf) jaar gevangenisstraf, welke gevangenisstraf geag moet word opgelê te gewees het op 24 Januarie 2003.

Voormelde vonnis moet apart van enige ander vonnis wat teen 24 Januarie 2003 aan appellant opgelê was, uitgedien word.

_____

C. VAN ZYL, R

Ek stem saam.

_____

J.P. MALHERBE, RP

/EM

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Authorities

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Cases, legislation, regulations, and constitutional provisions identified in the available record.

R v Zonele and Others 1959 (3) SA 319 (A)

Case cited

Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977

Legislation

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