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South Africa Judgment

Free State High Court, Bloemfontein

S v Motshabi (1109/2005) [2005] ZAFSHC 110 (27 October 2005)

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Source document

01

Holding and result

The court found that the accused did not enter the house but only broke a window, which constitutes only an attempt at housebreaking. Entry is a necessary element for a conviction of housebreaking, and since this was not proven, the conviction must be altered to attempted housebreaking with intent to steal. Furthermore, the sentence of three years' imprisonment was excessive for an attempt, especially considering that the most recent prior conviction occurred after the present offence. The conviction was amended to attempted housebreaking with intent to steal, and the sentence was reduced to one year imprisonment.

Court disposition

Conviction amended to attempted housebreaking with intent to steal; sentence reduced.

Orders

  • The conviction is amended to attempted housebreaking with intent to steal.
  • The sentence is amended to one year imprisonment.

02

Material facts

Parties

The State

Applicant

William Motshabi

Respondent

Amounts and remedies

  • Original Sentence (years Imprisonment): ZAR 3
  • Amended Sentence (years Imprisonment): ZAR 1

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Review Application / Review of Conviction and Sentence

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
The prosecution alleged that the accused committed housebreaking with intent to commit an offence unknown to the prosecutor, based on the breaking of a window and prior convictions for similar offences.
Respondent
The accused did not enter the house but only broke a window, which constitutes only an attempt. The magistrate agreed that the conviction should be for attempted housebreaking, and the sentence should be reduced accordingly.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    Section 262(2) of Act 51 of 1977

    Entry into the premises is a necessary element of the offence of housebreaking.

  2. 02

    S v Motshabi (1109/2005) [2005] ZAFSHC 110

    A conviction for attempted housebreaking is appropriate where only preparatory acts, such as breaking a window, are proven and entry is not effected.

  3. 03

    S v Motshabi (1109/2005) [2005] ZAFSHC 110

    Sentencing must be proportionate to the gravity of the offence and the degree of completion.

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The court found that the accused did not enter the house but only broke a window, which constitutes only an attempt at housebreaking. Entry is a necessary element for a conviction of housebreaking, and since this was not proven, the conviction must be altered to attempted housebreaking with intent to steal. Furthermore, the sentence of three years' imprisonment was excessive for an attempt, especially considering that the most recent prior conviction occurred after the present offence. The conviction was amended to attempted housebreaking with intent to steal, and the sentence was reduced to one year imprisonment.

Obiter and limits

  • A charge of housebreaking with intent to steal would not have been inappropriate given the accused's conduct.
  • The magistrate did not appear to realise that the present offence was committed before the last prior conviction.

Court disposition

Conviction amended to attempted housebreaking with intent to steal; sentence reduced.

  • The conviction is amended to attempted housebreaking with intent to steal.
  • The sentence is amended to one year imprisonment.

Source and reliance status

Free State High Court, Bloemfontein

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Judgment reading view

Judgment text

The complete available source text.

Source document

Free State High Court, Bloemfontein

Judgment

[2005] ZAFSHC 110

IN DIE HOOGGEREGSHOF VAN SUID-AFRIKA

(ORANJE VRYSTAATSE PROVINSIALE AFDELING)

Hersiening Nr. : 1109/2005

In die hersiening tussen:

DIE

STAAT

versus

WILLIAM

MOTSHABI

_____________

CORAM: CILLIé R et

VAN

DER MERWE R

UITSPRAAK DEUR: CILLIé

R

GELEWER OP: 27 OKTOBER 2005

[1] Die beskuldigde is aangekla en skuldig bevind aan huisbraak met die opset om ‘n misdryf onbekend aan die staatsaanklaer te pleeg. Hy is daarop gevonnis tot 3 (drie) jaar gevangenisstraf.

[2] Toe die aangeleentheid voorgelê was vir hersiening, is die volgende navraag deur die Hersieningsregter aan die verhoorlanddros gerig:

“Hierdie oorkonde is verwarrend met betrekking tot die aanklag teen die beskuldigde Volgens die aanhangsel tot die klagstaat is hy aangekla van ‘Huisbraak met die opset om ‘n misdryf onbekend aan die aanklaer te pleeg’. Volgens die dekblad van die klagstaat J15 is hy skuldig bevind aan ‘n bevoegde uitspraak nl. ‘Huisbraak met die opset om ‘n misdryf onbekend aan die staatsaanklaer te pleeg’. Die hersieningsdekblad J4 dui egter aan dat hy skuldig bevind is aan ‘Huisbraak met die opset om te steel en diefstal’.

Wat is nou die posisie? Vir my lyk dit in elk geval dat niks meer as ‘n poging bewys is nie. Dit is tog gemene saak dat hy nooit die huis binne gegaan het nie en slegs ‘n venster gebreek het.

‘n Vonnis van 3 jaar gevangenisstraf hiervoor skyn my ook darem, nieteenstaande die beskuldigde se vorige veroordelings, baie swaar te wees.”

[3] Die verwysing na die beskuldigde se vorige veroordelinge hou verband met die feit dat hy reeds twee vorige veroordelinge vir huisbraak met die opset om te steel en diefstal opgeloop het. Die laaste hiervan was egter nadat die onderhawige misdryf reeds gepleeg was. In antwoord hierop reageer die landdros as volg:

“Na deeglike oorweging is die hof ook van mening en stem ek met die agbare Hersieningsregter saam dat die beskuldigde skuldig bevind moes wees aan, Poging tot huisbraak met die opset om ‘n misdryf onbekend aan die Staatsaanklaer te pleeg. Derhalwe vra ek dan eerbiediglik dat die skuldigbevinding tersyde gestel word en die beskuldigde skuldig bevind moet word aan Poging tot huisbraak met die opset om ‘n misdryf onbekend aan die Staatsaanklaer te pleeg.

Wat die vonnis betref, met inagneming dat die beskuldigde nou aan ‘n mindere misdryf skuldig is, is ek van mening dat die vonnis gewysig behoort te word.”

[4] Hierdie siening van die landdros is korrek. Die getuienis dui aan dat die beskuldigde nooit die huis betree het nie, maar slegs die venster gebreek het en toe vir een of ander onbekende rede nie verder gevorder het nie. Binnetrede is ‘n noodsaaklike element van die misdryf huisbraak. Die beskuldigde se handelinge stel dus slegs ‘n poging daar. Sy oogmerk was egter duidelik om wel in te breek en te steel. ‘n Klagte van huisbraak met die opset om te steel sou dus nie onvanpas gewees het nie. Artikel 262(2) van Wet 51 van 1977 magtig ‘n skuldigbevinding aan huisbraak met die opset om ‘n spesifieke misdryf te pleeg in gevalle waar die aanklag een van huisbraak met die opset om ‘n onbekende misdryf te pleeg was. Die skuldigbevinding moes dus een van poging tot huisbraak met die opset om te steel wees.

[5] Die beskuldigde se vorige veroordelinge ten spyt, is die opgelegde vonnis soos die landdros tereg toegee vir ‘n poging tot huisbraak, te swaar. Dit skyn ook asof die landdros nie besef het dat die onderhawige misdryf gepleeg is voordat die laaste vorige veroordeling opgeloop is nie.

[6] Bygevolg word die skuldigbevinding gewysig na poging tot huisbraak met die opset om te steel en die vonnis word gewysig na 1 (een) jaar gevangenisstraf.

____

C.B. CILLIé, R

Ek stem saam.

­________

C.H.G. VAN DER MERWE, R

/sp

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S v Motshabi (1109/2005) [2005] ZAFSHC 110

Case cited

Section 262(2) of Act 51 of 1977

Legislation

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