S v Motshabi (1109/2005) [2005] ZAFSHC 110 (27 October 2005)
- Citation
- [2005] ZAFSHC 110
- Status
- Judgment
- Jurisdiction
- South Africa
- Court
- Free State High Court, Bloemfontein
- Panel
- Cillié R, Van der Merwe R
- Case number
- 1109/2005
More details
- Court
- Free State High Court, Bloemfontein
- Panel
- Cillié R, Van der Merwe R
- Case number
- 1109/2005
On this page
Professional case brief
Research organized from the available case record
01
Holding and result
The court found that the accused did not enter the house but only broke a window, which constitutes only an attempt at housebreaking. Entry is a necessary element for a conviction of housebreaking, and since this was not proven, the conviction must be altered to attempted housebreaking with intent to steal. Furthermore, the sentence of three years' imprisonment was excessive for an attempt, especially considering that the most recent prior conviction occurred after the present offence. The conviction was amended to attempted housebreaking with intent to steal, and the sentence was reduced to one year imprisonment.
Court disposition
Conviction amended to attempted housebreaking with intent to steal; sentence reduced.
Orders
- The conviction is amended to attempted housebreaking with intent to steal.
- The sentence is amended to one year imprisonment.
02
Material facts
Parties
The State
ApplicantWilliam Motshabi
RespondentAmounts and remedies
- Original Sentence (years Imprisonment): ZAR 3
- Amended Sentence (years Imprisonment): ZAR 1
03
Procedural history
Posture
Review Application / Review of Conviction and Sentence
04
Questions and positions
Legal issues
- 01
Whether the accused was correctly convicted of housebreaking with intent to commit an unknown offence.
- 02
Whether the evidence supports a conviction for housebreaking or only for attempted housebreaking.
- 03
Whether the sentence imposed was appropriate given the facts and prior convictions.
Party arguments
- Applicant
- The prosecution alleged that the accused committed housebreaking with intent to commit an offence unknown to the prosecutor, based on the breaking of a window and prior convictions for similar offences.
- Respondent
- The accused did not enter the house but only broke a window, which constitutes only an attempt. The magistrate agreed that the conviction should be for attempted housebreaking, and the sentence should be reduced accordingly.
05
Court’s reasoning
Legal principles
- 01
Section 262(2) of Act 51 of 1977
Entry into the premises is a necessary element of the offence of housebreaking.
- 02
S v Motshabi (1109/2005) [2005] ZAFSHC 110
A conviction for attempted housebreaking is appropriate where only preparatory acts, such as breaking a window, are proven and entry is not effected.
- 03
S v Motshabi (1109/2005) [2005] ZAFSHC 110
Sentencing must be proportionate to the gravity of the offence and the degree of completion.
06
Ratio, limits and disposition
Ratio decidendi
The court found that the accused did not enter the house but only broke a window, which constitutes only an attempt at housebreaking. Entry is a necessary element for a conviction of housebreaking, and since this was not proven, the conviction must be altered to attempted housebreaking with intent to steal. Furthermore, the sentence of three years' imprisonment was excessive for an attempt, especially considering that the most recent prior conviction occurred after the present offence. The conviction was amended to attempted housebreaking with intent to steal, and the sentence was reduced to one year imprisonment.
Obiter and limits
- A charge of housebreaking with intent to steal would not have been inappropriate given the accused's conduct.
- The magistrate did not appear to realise that the present offence was committed before the last prior conviction.
Court disposition
Conviction amended to attempted housebreaking with intent to steal; sentence reduced.
- The conviction is amended to attempted housebreaking with intent to steal.
- The sentence is amended to one year imprisonment.
Source and reliance status
Free State High Court, Bloemfontein
This page organises the available record for research. Confirm quotations, current status, and subsequent treatment against the official source before relying on the case.
Judgment reading view
Judgment text
The complete available source text.
Free State High Court, Bloemfontein
Judgment
IN DIE HOOGGEREGSHOF VAN SUID-AFRIKA
(ORANJE VRYSTAATSE PROVINSIALE AFDELING)
Hersiening Nr. : 1109/2005
In die hersiening tussen:
DIE
STAAT
versus
WILLIAM
MOTSHABI
_____________
CORAM: CILLIé R et
VAN
DER MERWE R
UITSPRAAK DEUR: CILLIé
R
GELEWER OP: 27 OKTOBER 2005
[1] Die beskuldigde is aangekla en skuldig bevind aan huisbraak met die opset om ân misdryf onbekend aan die staatsaanklaer te pleeg. Hy is daarop gevonnis tot 3 (drie) jaar gevangenisstraf.
[2] Toe die aangeleentheid voorgelê was vir hersiening, is die volgende navraag deur die Hersieningsregter aan die verhoorlanddros gerig:
âHierdie oorkonde is verwarrend met betrekking tot die aanklag teen die beskuldigde Volgens die aanhangsel tot die klagstaat is hy aangekla van âHuisbraak met die opset om ân misdryf onbekend aan die aanklaer te pleegâ. Volgens die dekblad van die klagstaat J15 is hy skuldig bevind aan ân bevoegde uitspraak nl. âHuisbraak met die opset om ân misdryf onbekend aan die staatsaanklaer te pleegâ. Die hersieningsdekblad J4 dui egter aan dat hy skuldig bevind is aan âHuisbraak met die opset om te steel en diefstalâ.
Wat is nou die posisie? Vir my lyk dit in elk geval dat niks meer as ân poging bewys is nie. Dit is tog gemene saak dat hy nooit die huis binne gegaan het nie en slegs ân venster gebreek het.
ân Vonnis van 3 jaar gevangenisstraf hiervoor skyn my ook darem, nieteenstaande die beskuldigde se vorige veroordelings, baie swaar te wees.â
[3] Die verwysing na die beskuldigde se vorige veroordelinge hou verband met die feit dat hy reeds twee vorige veroordelinge vir huisbraak met die opset om te steel en diefstal opgeloop het. Die laaste hiervan was egter nadat die onderhawige misdryf reeds gepleeg was. In antwoord hierop reageer die landdros as volg:
âNa deeglike oorweging is die hof ook van mening en stem ek met die agbare Hersieningsregter saam dat die beskuldigde skuldig bevind moes wees aan, Poging tot huisbraak met die opset om ân misdryf onbekend aan die Staatsaanklaer te pleeg. Derhalwe vra ek dan eerbiediglik dat die skuldigbevinding tersyde gestel word en die beskuldigde skuldig bevind moet word aan Poging tot huisbraak met die opset om ân misdryf onbekend aan die Staatsaanklaer te pleeg.
Wat die vonnis betref, met inagneming dat die beskuldigde nou aan ân mindere misdryf skuldig is, is ek van mening dat die vonnis gewysig behoort te word.â
[4] Hierdie siening van die landdros is korrek. Die getuienis dui aan dat die beskuldigde nooit die huis betree het nie, maar slegs die venster gebreek het en toe vir een of ander onbekende rede nie verder gevorder het nie. Binnetrede is ân noodsaaklike element van die misdryf huisbraak. Die beskuldigde se handelinge stel dus slegs ân poging daar. Sy oogmerk was egter duidelik om wel in te breek en te steel. ân Klagte van huisbraak met die opset om te steel sou dus nie onvanpas gewees het nie. Artikel 262(2) van Wet 51 van 1977 magtig ân skuldigbevinding aan huisbraak met die opset om ân spesifieke misdryf te pleeg in gevalle waar die aanklag een van huisbraak met die opset om ân onbekende misdryf te pleeg was. Die skuldigbevinding moes dus een van poging tot huisbraak met die opset om te steel wees.
[5] Die beskuldigde se vorige veroordelinge ten spyt, is die opgelegde vonnis soos die landdros tereg toegee vir ân poging tot huisbraak, te swaar. Dit skyn ook asof die landdros nie besef het dat die onderhawige misdryf gepleeg is voordat die laaste vorige veroordeling opgeloop is nie.
[6] Bygevolg word die skuldigbevinding gewysig na poging tot huisbraak met die opset om te steel en die vonnis word gewysig na 1 (een) jaar gevangenisstraf.
____
C.B. CILLIé, R
Ek stem saam.
________
C.H.G. VAN DER MERWE, R
/sp
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