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South Africa Judgment

Northern Cape High Court, Kimberley

S v Mpandle (CA&R 215/04) [2006] ZANCHC 83 (3 March 2006)

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01

Holding and result

The court found that the appellant, aged 17 at the time of the offence, was a first-time violent offender and that the prescribed minimum sentence legislation did not apply. The trial court had correctly emphasized the seriousness of the offence and the need for community protection, but failed to adequately consider the appellant's youth, lack of prior violent convictions, and the influence of alcohol as mitigating factors. The sentence of ten years' imprisonment without suspension was deemed shockingly inappropriate. The court held that a portion of the sentence should be suspended to reflect the appellant's personal circumstances and prospects for rehabilitation. Accordingly, condonation for the late filing of the notice of appeal was granted, the appeal against sentence succeeded, and the sentence was replaced with ten years' imprisonment, three years of which were suspended for five years on condition that the appellant is not convicted of a violent offence during the period of suspension.

Court disposition

Appeal against sentence upheld; sentence substituted.

Orders

  • Condonation for the late filing of the notice of appeal is granted.
  • The appeal against sentence succeeds.
  • The sentence imposed by the trial court is set aside and replaced with ten (10) years' imprisonment, three (3) years of which are suspended for five (5) years on condition that the appellant is not convicted of a violent offence committed during the period of suspension and for which unsuspended imprisonment without the option of a fine is imposed.
  • The sentence is antedated to 20 August 2002.

02

Material facts

Parties

Richard Mpandle

Appellant Counsel: Adv PJ Cloete

The State

Respondent Counsel: Adv

Amounts and remedies

  • Original Sentence (years Imprisonment): ZAR 10
  • Suspended Portion (years Imprisonment): ZAR 3
  • Suspension Period (years): ZAR 5

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Criminal Appeal / Appeal Against Sentence After Conviction for Murder; Application for Condonation of Late Filing of Notice of Appeal

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
The appellant provided an acceptable explanation for the late filing of his notice of appeal and requested condonation. He argued that the sentence of ten years' imprisonment without suspension was shockingly inappropriate given his age (17 at the time of the offence), status as a first-time violent offender, and the influence of alcohol. He submitted that the minimum sentencing legislation did not apply to him and that the court should consider suspending part of the sentence.
Respondent
The respondent opposed the appeal, emphasizing the seriousness of the offence—murder committed with a single stab to the chest resulting in death. The respondent argued that the community deserves protection and that direct imprisonment was recommended by both the probation officer and correctional supervision reports. The respondent maintained that the sentence imposed was justified given the gravity of the crime.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    Sections 51 and 52 of the Criminal Law Amendment Act 105 of 1997

    Minimum sentencing legislation does not apply to offenders under 18 years old at the time of the offence. Youthful offenders between 16 and 18 years should be treated more leniently than adult offenders.

  2. 02

    S v Nkosi 2002(1) SA 494 (W) at 499 D-J; 500 A-C

    Courts must record full reasons if imposing the prescribed minimum sentence on offenders aged 16 to 18.

  3. 03

    S v Tshisa and Another 2003(1) SACR 171 (O)

    Youthful age, lack of prior violent convictions, and influence of alcohol are mitigating factors in sentencing for murder.

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The court found that the appellant, aged 17 at the time of the offence, was a first-time violent offender and that the prescribed minimum sentence legislation did not apply. The trial court had correctly emphasized the seriousness of the offence and the need for community protection, but failed to adequately consider the appellant's youth, lack of prior violent convictions, and the influence of alcohol as mitigating factors. The sentence of ten years' imprisonment without suspension was deemed shockingly inappropriate. The court held that a portion of the sentence should be suspended to reflect the appellant's personal circumstances and prospects for rehabilitation. Accordingly, condonation for the late filing of the notice of appeal was granted, the appeal against sentence succeeded, and the sentence was replaced with ten years' imprisonment, three years of which were suspended for five years on condition that the appellant is not convicted of a violent offence during the period of suspension.

Obiter and limits

  • The intention of the legislature is that youthful offenders between 16 and 18 years should be treated with greater leniency than adult offenders.
  • The influence of alcohol and the appellant's status as a scholar at the time of the offence are significant mitigating factors.
  • Direct imprisonment is appropriate for serious offences, but the sentence must be tailored to the offender's personal circumstances.

Court disposition

Appeal against sentence upheld; sentence substituted.

  • Condonation for the late filing of the notice of appeal is granted.
  • The appeal against sentence succeeds.
  • The sentence imposed by the trial court is set aside and replaced with ten (10) years' imprisonment, three (3) years of which are suspended for five (5) years on condition that the appellant is not convicted of a violent offence committed during the period of suspension and for which unsuspended imprisonment without the option of a fine is imposed.
  • The sentence is antedated to 20 August 2002.

Source and reliance status

Northern Cape High Court, Kimberley

This page organises the available record for research. Confirm quotations, current status, and subsequent treatment against the official source before relying on the case.

Judgment reading view

Judgment text

The complete available source text.

Source document

Northern Cape High Court, Kimberley

Judgment

[2006] ZANCHC 83

Verslagwaardig: Ja / Nee

Sirkuleer aan Regters: Ja / Nee

Sirkuleer aan Landdroste: Ja / Nee

IN DIE HOOGGEREGSHOF VAN SUID-AFRIKA

(Noord-Kaapse Afdeling)

Saakno: CA&R 215/04

Datum verhoor: 2006\03\02

Datum gelewer: 2006\03\03

In die appél van:

RICHARD

MPANDLE APPELLANT

versus

DIE

STAAT RESPONDENT

Coram: MAJIEDT R et LACOCK R

UITSPRAAK

MAJIEDT R:

Die appellant kom in hoër beroep teen sy vonnis van 10 jaar gevangenisstraf wat hy opgelê is in die Streekhof nadat hy skuldig bevind is aan moord. Daar is ook ‘n aansoek vir die kondonasie van die appellant se laat liassering van sy kennisgewing van appél. Die appellant bied ‘n aanvaarbare verduideliking aan vir dié nalate en is dit gevolglik nodig om die meriete van die appél te oorweeg ten einde te bepaal of kondonasie wel toegestaan behoort te word.

2.1 Die appellant is daaraan skuldig bevind dat hy vir Leon Johannes vermoor het deur hom een keer met ‘n mes in die bors te steek. Die appellant se verweer van noodweer is heeltemal tereg verwerp deur die streeklanddros as vals bo redelike twyfel. Dit ly ook geen twyfel nie dat die skuldigbevinding andersins regtens in orde is.

2.2 Dit blyk uit die getuienis dat daar vermoedelik vroeër die dag ‘n geskil tussen die oorledene en die appellant ontstaan het. Die oorledene was in die teenwoordigheid van sy broer en ‘n aantal dames buite ‘n taverne toe die appellant daar opgedaag het en sondermeer een hou met ‘n mes na die oorledene gesteek het in sy bors as gevolg waarvan die oorledene uiteindelik beswyk het. Geeneen van die drie getuies wat op die toneel was en wat deur die Staat geroep is kon ‘n rede aanvoer waarom die appellant só opgetree het nie. Aldrie die getuies was dit ook eens dat die oorledene nie in besit was van ‘n wapen op die stadium toe die appellant hom die dodelike steekwond toegedien het nie.

2.3 Die Staat is verlof verleen om sy saak te heropen en toe is ‘n verdere getuie, Me. Marie Tier, geroep om te getuig. Sy was nie self teenwoordig tydens die voorval nie, maar het haar in die aangrensende perseel bevind. Sy het naamlik ontken in haar getuienis dat sy ooit ‘n wapen vir die oorledene oorhandig het dié betrokke dag. Sy het verder ontken dat sy en die oorledene ooit ‘n verhouding gehad het en sy het ook getuig dat sy nie kennis dra van ‘n stryery wat vroeër tussen die oorledene en die appellant sou plaasgevind het nie.

Wat die appellant se persoonlike omstandighede aanbetref was dit as volg tydens vonnisoplegging:

3.1 Hy was 17 jaar oud toe die steekvoorval plaasgevind het.

3.2 Hy was ongetroud en het een minderjarige kind van elf maande oud gehad.

3.3 Hy was ‘n skolier in standerd 7 wat hy op daardie stadium herhaal het.

3.4 Tydens die voorval was hy werkloos.

3.5 Hy het ‘n misdaadrekord, maar was ‘n eerste oortreder wat betref ‘n geweldsmisdryf (sy twee vorige veroordelings was naamlik vir diefstal in 1998 waartydens die oplegging van vonnis vir 5 jaar uitgestel is en huisbraak en diefstal in 1999 waarvoor ‘n totaal opgeskorte vonnis van 6 maande gevangenisstraf gekry het).

‘n Verdere relevante faktor was dat die appellant onder die invloed van drank was tydens die voorval.

Die bepalings vervat in artikels 51 en 52 van die Strafregwysigingswet (105 van 1997) ten aansien van ‘n voorgeskrewe minimum vonnis, vind nie toepassing in die onderhawige geval nie, aangesien die appellant onder die ouderdom van 18 jaar was tydens die pleging van die misdryf. Sou ‘n geregshof vir ‘n beskuldigde soos die appellant wat tussen die ouderdom van 16 en 18 jaar was tydens die pleging van die misdryf die voorgeskrewe minimum vonnis oplê, word van só ‘n hof verwag om die redes daarvoor volledig aan te teken op die oorkonde. Die noodwendige slotsom is dat die bedoeling van die wetgewer is dat jeugdiges tussen 16 en 18 jaar meer toegeeflik behandel moet word by straftoemeting as ander oortreders wat reeds ouer as 18 jaar oud is.

Sien in dié verband: S v Nkosi 2002(1) SA 494 (W) te 499 D-J; 500 A-C.

Die streeklanddros het in sy uitspraak op vonnis tereg groot klem gelê op die erns van die misdryf, gegewe die feit dat ‘n mens se lewe geneem is. Hy het ook heeltemal tereg daarop gewys dat die gemeenskap beskerming verdien in aangeleenthede soos hierdie.

Daar was voor die landdros twee voorvonnisverslae geplaas, te wete ‘n proefbeampte verslag sowel as ‘n korrektiewe toesig verslag. In beide van hierdie verslae word direkte gevangenisstraf as enigste vonnisopsie aanbeveel. Daar kan na my mening kwalik fout gevind word met sodanige aanbeveling. Ek is egter die mening toegedaan dat tien jaar gevangenisstraf waarvan geen gedeelte opgeskort word nie, skokkend onvanpas is in die onderhawige omstandighede.

Die appellant is ‘n jeugdige en was ‘n eerste oortreder vir ‘n geweldsmisdryf. Verder moet in ag geneem word dat die appellant die oorledene slegs een steekhou toegedien het. Daarby moet in aanmerking geneem word dat drank tot ‘n mate ‘n rol gespeel het en was die appellant ook nog ‘n skolier gewees toe die misdryf gepleeg is.

In S v Tshisa en ‘n ander 2003(1) SASV 171 (O) het ‘n volbank van die Vrystaatse Provinsiale Afdeling ‘n vonnis van lewenslange gevangenisstraf vir moord wat twee 17 jariges opgelê is, tersyde gestel en vervang met 22 jaar gevangenisstraf. In daardie saak het Van Coller R die volgende gesê te 175 i van die uitspraak:

“In die onderhawige saak was 'n koelbloedige en afstootlike moord gepleeg, maar in die lig van die jeugdige ouderdom van die appellante, die feit dat hulle nog nie in boosheid vasgevang was nie en nog kan ontwikkel tot verantwoordelike volwassenes is ek van mening dat 'n onreg sal geskied indien lewenslange gevangenisstraf opgelê word ten opsigte van die moordklagte. Ek is van mening dat 'n vonnis van 22 jaar gevangenisstraf gepas sal wees.”

Ek is die mening toegedaan dat die appellant hierin beslis daarby sal baat vind as ‘n gedeelte van sy termyn van gevangenisstraf opgeskort word. Die appellant se jeugdige onvolwassenheid gekoppel aan sy skoon rekord vir geweldsmisdrywe en die invloed wat drank tot ‘n mate gespeel het in die pleging van die misdryf moet beslis as strafversagtende faktore in sy guns tel.

In die omstandighede meen ek dat inmenging met die opgelegde vonnis vanpas is hierin.

Die volgende bevel word uitgereik:

10.1 DIE APPELLANT SE

AANSOEK VIR KONDONASIE VAN DIE LAAT LIASSERING VAN SY KENNISGEWING VAN APPÉL WORD TOEGESTAAN.

10.2 DIE APPÉL TEEN VONNIS SLAAG.

10.3 DIE VONNIS DIE APPELLANT OPGELÊ WORD TERSYDE GESTEL EN VERVANG MET DIE VOLGENDE: “TIEN (10) JAAR GEVANGENISSTRAF WAARVAN DRIE (3) JAAR OPGESKORT WORD VIR ‘N TYDPERK VAN VYF (5) JAAR OP VOORWAARDE DAT DIE APPELLANT

NIE WEER SKULDIG BEVIND WORD AAN ‘N MISDRYF WAARVAN GEWELD ‘N ELEMENT IS,

GEPLEEG TYDENS DIE TYDPERK VAN OPSKORTING EN WAARVOOR

HY ONOPGESKORTE GEVANGENISSTRAF SONDER DIE KEUSE VAN ‘N BOETE OPGELÊ WORD.”

10.4 DIE VONNIS WORD TERUGGEDATEER TOT 20 AUGUSTUS 2002.

_____

SA MAJIEDT

REGTER

Ek stem saam:

HJ LACOCK

NAMENS APPELLANT : ADV PJ CLOETE (REGSHULP)

NAMENS RESPONDENT : ADV

DATUM VAN VERHOOR : 2006\03\02

DATUM VAN UITSPRAAK : 2006\03\03

Source wording is retained. Consult the source document for its original formatting and pagination.

Authorities

Authorities used by the court

Cases, legislation, regulations, and constitutional provisions identified in the available record.

S v Nkosi 2002(1) SA 494 (W)

Case cited

S v Tshisa and Another 2003(1) SACR 171 (O)

Case cited

Criminal Law Amendment Act 105 of 1997

Legislation

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