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South Africa Judgment

Northern Cape High Court, Kimberley

S v Nelson (919/2002) [2002] ZANCHC 32 (31 October 2002)

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01

Holding and result

The court found that while the accused's conviction for housebreaking with intent to steal was legally sound, the sentence of three years' imprisonment was shockingly inappropriate given his age, personal circumstances, and the nature of the offence. The accused had a history of similar offences, but the jump from a previously suspended sentence to three years' imprisonment was excessive and created an imbalance between the seriousness of the crime and the accused's circumstances. The court held that a significantly shorter custodial sentence would be more appropriate and would still serve the interests of justice and rehabilitation. Accordingly, the sentence was set aside and replaced with 18 months' imprisonment to be served at the youth section of De Aar prison, backdated to the date of conviction.

Court disposition

Conviction on count 1 confirmed; sentence of three years' imprisonment set aside and replaced with 18 months' imprisonment to be served at the youth section of De Aar prison, backdated to 29 August 2002.

Orders

  • The conviction on count 1 is confirmed.
  • The sentence of three years' imprisonment is set aside.
  • The accused is sentenced to 18 months' imprisonment to be served at the youth section of De Aar prison.
  • The sentence is backdated to 29 August 2002 in terms of section 282 of the Criminal Procedure Act.

02

Material facts

Parties

The State

Applicant

Jan Nelson

Respondent

Amounts and remedies

  • Original Sentence (imprisonment, Months): ZAR 36
  • Revised Sentence (imprisonment, Months): ZAR 18

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Criminal Review / Review of Sentence

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
The magistrate argued that the sentence was justified due to the accused's long history of similar offences, the seriousness of the crime, and the interests of the community. He contended that a suspended sentence was not appropriate and that rehabilitation outside of prison was unlikely.
Respondent
The accused, a 15-year-old living with his grandmother, had a history of previous convictions for similar offences. The social worker recommended a suspended sentence, considering his personal circumstances and potential for rehabilitation. The respondent argued that a lengthy custodial sentence was disproportionate and failed to balance the accused's circumstances with the seriousness of the offence.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    S v Zinn 1969 (2) SA 537 (A)

    Sentences must strike a balance between the seriousness of the offence, the interests of the community, and the personal circumstances of the accused, especially when the accused is a minor.

  2. 02

    S v Rabie 1975 (4) SA 855 (A)

    A drastic increase in sentence from a previously suspended sentence to a lengthy term of imprisonment must be justified by the circumstances and should not be disproportionate.

  3. 03

    Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977, s 282

    Section 282 of the Criminal Procedure Act allows for the backdating of sentences to the date of conviction.

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The court found that while the accused's conviction for housebreaking with intent to steal was legally sound, the sentence of three years' imprisonment was shockingly inappropriate given his age, personal circumstances, and the nature of the offence. The accused had a history of similar offences, but the jump from a previously suspended sentence to three years' imprisonment was excessive and created an imbalance between the seriousness of the crime and the accused's circumstances. The court held that a significantly shorter custodial sentence would be more appropriate and would still serve the interests of justice and rehabilitation. Accordingly, the sentence was set aside and replaced with 18 months' imprisonment to be served at the youth section of De Aar prison, backdated to the date of conviction.

Obiter and limits

  • The accused cannot be held responsible for his poor home circumstances.
  • Rehabilitation at a youth section of prison can be achieved in a shorter period than three years.
  • A suspended sentence was not an appropriate sentencing option in these circumstances.

Court disposition

Conviction on count 1 confirmed; sentence of three years' imprisonment set aside and replaced with 18 months' imprisonment to be served at the youth section of De Aar prison, backdated to 29 August 2002.

  • The conviction on count 1 is confirmed.
  • The sentence of three years' imprisonment is set aside.
  • The accused is sentenced to 18 months' imprisonment to be served at the youth section of De Aar prison.
  • The sentence is backdated to 29 August 2002 in terms of section 282 of the Criminal Procedure Act.

Source and reliance status

Northern Cape High Court, Kimberley

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Judgment reading view

Judgment text

The complete available source text.

Source document

Northern Cape High Court, Kimberley

Judgment

[2002] ZANCHC 32

Verslagwaardig: Ja / Nee

Sirkuleer aan Regters: Ja / Nee

Sirkuleer aan Landdroste: Ja / Nee

IN DIE HOOGGEREGSHOF VAN SUID-AFRIKA

(Noord-Kaapse Afdeling)

Hersieningsnr: 529/2002

Saaknr: 919/2002

Datum gelewer: 2002-10-31

In die hersieningsaak van:

DIE

STAAT

versus

JAN

NELSON BESKULDIGDE

Coram: MAJIEDT R et

LACOCK

R

UITSPRAAK

OP HERSIENING

MAJIEDT R:

Die beskuldigde is skuldig bevind aan huisbraak met die opset om te steel asook aan die besit van ‘n klein hoeveelheid dagga. Hy is op die eerste aanklag voormeld ‘n vonnis van 3 jaar gevangenisstraf opgelê en op die tweede aanklag is hy gewaarsku en ontslaan. Aanklag 1 se vonnis is hersienbaar en dit vorm die onderwerp van hierdie hersieningsuitspraak.

Die skuldigbevinding aan huisbraak met die opset om te steel is regtens heeltemal in orde maar het ek op hersiening die landdros versoek om redes te verskaf vir die opgelegde vonnis. Die landdros het voldoen aan hierdie versoek en het volledige redes verskaf.

Die beskuldigde is 15 jaar oud. Hy is by sy ouma woonagtig. Hy het ‘n lang reeks van vorige veroordelings. Inteendeel, hierdie is die sewende geval waar die beskuldigde skuldig bevind word. Sy vorige ses veroordelings is almal vir huisbraak met die opset om te steel en diefstal. Op die eerste vier sodanige veroordelings is hy gewaarsku en ontslaan, op die vyfde is die oplegging van vonnis uitgestel vir 5 jaar en op die laaste (sesde) een is hy 9 maande gevangenisstraf opgelê, welke gevangenisstraf in geheel opgeskort is vir 5 jaar.

Die beskuldigde is op heterdaad betrap in die woning van die klaagster waar hy hy onder ‘n bed in die slaapkamer weggekruip het. Hy het toegang tot die huis verkry deur die slot van die agterdeur af te breek. Van die vensters van die huis was ook gebreek. Die beskuldigde het deur sy inbraak skade aangerig aan die vensterruite en die agterdeurslot van die klaagster se huis. Die klaagster het dus geen skade gely wat die verwydering van haar eiendom aanbetref nie, aangesien die beskuldigde soos ek alreeds gesê het, op heterdaad betrap is.

In sy redes verwys die landdros na geykte gesag en voer hy aan dat hy deur sy vonnis daarna gestreef het om ‘n balans tussen die beskuldigde se persoonlike omstandighede, die erns van die misdryf en die belange van die gemeenskap te handhaaf. Hy voeg verder by dat dit naïef sou wees van ‘n hof om te hoop dat die beskuldigde homself sou rehabiliteer buite gevangenisverband. Hy verklaar verder, heeltemal tereg, dat ‘n opgeskorte vonnis nie die aangewese strafopsie is nie.

Die maatskaplike werker wat ‘n ondersoek gedoen het na die beskuldigde se persoonlike omstandighede het weliswaar ‘n aanbeveling vir opgeskorte gevangenisstraf gemaak. Ek is dit heeltemal eens met die landdros dat so ‘n vonnis nie vanpas sou wees in die omstandighede nie.

Ek verskil egter van die landdros dat ‘n vonnis van drie jaar gevangenisstraf in hierdie geval geregverdig is. Sò ‘n massiewe sprong vanaf 9 maande gevangenisstraf in die geheel opgeskort wat die beskuldigde opgelê is vir sy onmiddellik voorafgaande veroordeling tot een van 3 jaar gevangenisstraf is net eenvoudig onaanvaarbaar. Hierdie opgelegde vonnis is na my mening skokkend onvanpas. Daar is verder die redelike moontlikheid dat die opgeskorte vonnis wat die beskuldigde in 2001 opgelê is ook nog in werking gestel mag word. Ek meen dat ‘n vonnis van 3 jaar gevangenisstraf ‘n treffende wanbalans skep tussen die beskuldigde se persoonlike omstandighede aan die een kant en die erns van die misdryf en die belange van die gemeenskap aan die ander kant. Dat die beskuldigde noodwendig gevangenisstraf sal moet uitdien, staan soos ‘n paal bo water. Ek meen egter dat ‘n aansienlik korter termyn van gevangenisstraf heeltemal gepas sou wees in hierdie geval.

Die landdros se mening dat die beskuldigde se vonnis in die lig van sy lang rekord, haglike huislike omstandighede en moontlike rehabilitasie by die jeugafdeling te De Aar, nie ‘n onvanpaste vonnis is nie, oortuig geensins nie. Die beskuldigde kan per slot van sake nie verantwoordelik gehou word vir sy haglike huislike omstandighede nie. Verder meen ek dat moontlike rehabilitasie by ‘n jeugafdeling van ‘n gevangenis net so goed kan geskied in ‘n korter tydperk as wat dit in 3 jaar gedoen kan word.

9.1 Die beskuldigde se skuldigbevinding op aanklag 1 word bekragtig, maar die vonnis van 3 jaar gevangenisstraf word ter syde gestel.

9.2 Die beskuldigde word gevonnis tot 18 maande gevangenisstraf en dit word gelas dat hy dié gevangenisstraf sal uitdien by die jeugafdeling van die De Aar-gevangenis.

9.3 Ingevolge die bepalings vervat in art 282 van die Strafproseswet word die vonnis teruggedateer tot 29 Augustus 2002.

___

SA

MAJIEDT

REGTER

Ek stem saam:

HJ

LACOCK

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Authorities

Authorities used by the court

Cases, legislation, regulations, and constitutional provisions identified in the available record.

S v Zinn 1969 (2) SA 537 (A)

Case cited

S v Rabie 1975 (4) SA 855 (A)

Case cited

Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977, s 282

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

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