S v Ngcamu (621/89) [1991] ZASCA 10 (11 March 1991)
- Citation
- [1991] ZASCA 10
- Status
- Judgment
- Jurisdiction
- South Africa
- Court
- Supreme Court of Appeal
- Panel
- E M Grosskopf, Hoexter, Preiss
- Case number
- 621/89
More details
- Court
- Supreme Court of Appeal
- Panel
- E M Grosskopf, Hoexter, Preiss
- Case number
- 621/89
On this page
Professional case brief
Research organized from the available case record
01
Holding and result
The appellate court found no reason to interfere with the trial court's acceptance of the police officers' testimony and rejection of the appellant's version regarding the circumstances of the confession. The confession was deemed voluntary and admissible. Furthermore, the court held that the similarities between the confession and the actual circumstances of the crimes were too significant to allow any reasonable doubt about its authenticity. The appellant was correctly identified as one of the perpetrators, and the convictions were justified.
Court disposition
The appeal is dismissed.
Orders
- The appeal is dismissed.
02
Material facts
Parties
James Ngcamu
AppellantThe State
RespondentAmounts and remedies
- Amount Robbed: ZAR 3,000
- Effective Sentence (years): 16
03
Procedural history
Posture
Criminal Appeal / Appeal Against Conviction
04
Questions and positions
Legal issues
- 01
Whether the confession made by the appellant was voluntary, undistorted, and free from improper influence.
- 02
Whether the confession reliably identifies the appellant as one of the perpetrators of the crimes.
- 03
Whether the trial court erred in accepting the police officers' testimony over that of the appellant.
Party arguments
- Applicant
- The appellant argued that his confession was not made voluntarily, alleging that he was assaulted, threatened, and coached by police officers in a dark room at the Protea police station. He claimed that the confession was the result of improper influence and that he was told what to say.
- Respondent
- The State contended that the confession was made freely and voluntarily before Lieutenant Vermaak, a magistrate. The police officers denied any assault or coercion, and Captain Coleman testified that such an incident could not have occurred as described by the appellant. The State further argued that the details in the confession closely matched the actual events, supporting its authenticity.
05
Court’s reasoning
Legal principles
- 01
S v De Beer 1978 (2) SA 676 (A)
A confession must be shown to be voluntary, free from coercion or improper influence, to be admissible in evidence.
- 02
R v Dhlumayo & Another 1948 (2) SA 677 (A)
Where the trial court makes credibility findings based on the evidence of witnesses, an appellate court will not interfere unless those findings are clearly wrong.
06
Ratio, limits and disposition
Ratio decidendi
The appellate court found no reason to interfere with the trial court's acceptance of the police officers' testimony and rejection of the appellant's version regarding the circumstances of the confession. The confession was deemed voluntary and admissible. Furthermore, the court held that the similarities between the confession and the actual circumstances of the crimes were too significant to allow any reasonable doubt about its authenticity. The appellant was correctly identified as one of the perpetrators, and the convictions were justified.
Obiter and limits
- The court noted that the presence of striking similarities between the confession and the facts of the crime can be a strong indicator of its reliability.
- The court emphasized the importance of careful scrutiny of allegations of police misconduct, but found no basis to disturb the trial court's findings in this case.
Court disposition
The appeal is dismissed.
- The appeal is dismissed.
Source and reliance status
Supreme Court of Appeal
This page organises the available record for research. Confirm quotations, current status, and subsequent treatment against the official source before relying on the case.
Judgment reading view
Judgment text
The complete available source text.
Supreme Court of Appeal
Judgment
621/89
IN DIE HOOGGEREGSHOF VAN SUID-AFRIKA (APPeLAFDELING) In die saak tussen:
JAMES NGCAMU AppellantenDIE STAAT RespondentCORAM: HOEXTER, E M GROSSKOPF,ARR et PREISS Wn ARVERHOOR: 11 Maart 1991GELEWER: Mondeling gelewer op 11 Maart 1991
UITSPRAAK
2
E M GROSSKOPF, ARDie appellant is in die Witwaterrandse Plaaslike Afdeling skuldig bevind op twee klagtes van moord, een van aanranding met die opset om ernstig te beseer, een van roof met verswarende omstandighede, een van die onwettige besit van 'n vuurwapen en een van die onwettige besit van ammunisie. Die hof (GORDON WR en assessore) het versagtende omstandighede bevind met betrekking tot die moordklagtes. Die appellant is gevonnis tot verskillende termyne gevangenisstraf, party waarvan gelas is om saam te loop. Sy effektiewe vonnis was 16 jaar gevangenisstraf. Hy kom nou in hoër bereop slegs teen sy skuldigbevindinge.Die insident waaruit die klagtes ontstaan het, het plaasgevind op 29 Junie 1986. Die twee oorledenes in die moordklagtes, Abram Modau en Daniël Modau, het saam met lede van hul familie by hul woning in Meadowlands vars produkte asook drank verkoop. Op die betrokke aand het vier persone by die huis opgedaag, die twee oorledenes doodgeskiet, die klaagster Anna Modau, die vrou van Abram, aangerand met die opset om haar
3
ernstig te beseer deur haar ook te skiet (gelukkig nie noodlottig nie) en 'n bedrag van oor die R3 000 van Anna geroof. Hierdie vier persone het, volgens wat hulle gesê het, opgetree in opdrag van ene Boy wat twee huise weg gewoon het en 'n handelsmededinger van die Modau's was. Dit is duidelik dat hierdie groep gegaan het met die gesamentlike opset om te roof en, indien nodig, te skiet, en dat hulle almal skuldig is aan die misdade waarvoor die appellant aanspreeklik gehou is.Die enigste vraag in hierdie appèl is dan of die appellant een van hierdie vier rowers was. Al getuienis wat hom verbind is 'n bekentenis wat hy op 10 Desember 1987 aan luitenant Vermaak van die SAP, ex officio 'n vrederegter, gemaak het. Twee hoofpunte is namens die appellant geargumenteer. Ten eerste is daar betoog dat die Staat nie bo redelike twyfel bewys het dat die bekentenis vrywillig, ongedwonge en sonder onbehoorlike belnvloeding gemaak is nie. Die appellant het getuig dat hy deur lede van die polisie in 'n donker kamer geplaas is, aangerand is, en gedreig is om 'n verklaring te maak. Hy het verder getuig dat
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hy voorgesê was wat om te sê. Hierdie bewerings is ontken deur die drie polisiebeamptes wat volgens hom, betrokke was. Daarbenewens het die hof kaptein Coleman, die waarnemende bevelvoerder te Protea-polisiekantoor, waar die beweerde dwang sou toegepas gewees het, as getuie geroep. Kaptein Coleman het getuig oor die moontlikheid dat so iets in 'n kamer in Protea-polisiekantoor kon gebeur het. As sy getuienis aanvaar word, kon die insident nie plaasgevind het soos deur die appellant getuig nie. Die hof a quo, in 'n sorgvuldige uitspraak, het die getuienis van die polisie-amptenare aanvaar en dié van die appellant verwerp. Myns insiens is niks aan ons voorgedra wat ons sou regverdig om met hierdie bevinding in te meng nie. Dan is daar betoog dat, selfs al sou die bekentenis toelaatbaar wees, die inhoud daarvan so veel verskil van wat by die Modau's gebeur het dat die gevaar nie hier uitgesluit kan word van 'n valse bekentenis deur 'n onskuldige nie. Ek stem nie saam nie. Na my mening is die ooreenkomste tussen die bekentenis en die ware omstandighede van die roof en moord by die Modau's
5
se huis te veel en te treffend om enige twyfel te laat oor die egtheid van die appellant se bekentenis.Ek meen dus dat die verhoorhof se uitspraak onaanvegbaar is. Die appèl word afgewys.
E M GROSSKOPF, AR
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