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South Africa Judgment

Free State High Court, Bloemfontein

S v Oberholzer [2004] ZAFSHC 26 (22 April 2004)

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01

Holding and result

The appeal succeeded because the trial court misdirected itself by relying on the Congela case, which was materially different from the present matter. The appellant was a minor, pleaded guilty, cooperated fully with the police, and facilitated the recovery of most stolen goods. The original sentences were excessive and disproportionate to the appellant's personal circumstances and the facts of the case. The High Court held that the sentences should be set aside and replaced with a more appropriate sentence: five years' imprisonment under section 276(1)(i) of Act 51 of 1977 for counts 1 to 16, and three years' imprisonment for the bomb threat charge (count 17), of which two years are suspended for five years on condition of good behaviour. The sentences are to be served in the order specified, and are deemed to have been imposed on 28 March 2003.

Court disposition

Appeal against sentence upheld; original sentences set aside and replaced with new sentences as specified.

Orders

  • The appeal against the imposed sentences succeeds and the entirety of the original sentences is set aside.
  • Counts 1 to 16 are taken together for sentencing purposes and the appellant is sentenced to five years' imprisonment under section 276(1)(i) of Act 51 of 1977.
  • On count 17 (bomb threat), the appellant is sentenced to three years' imprisonment, of which two years are suspended for five years on condition that he is not convicted of contravening section 27(1A)(a) of Act 26 of 1956 during the period of suspension.
  • In terms of section 280(2) of Act 51 of 1977, the sentence on count 17 is to be served first, followed by the sentence on counts 1 to 16.
  • The sentences imposed are deemed to have been imposed on 28 March 2003.

02

Material facts

Parties

Johan Gilliam Oberholzer

Appellant Counsel: Adv. R van Wyk

The State

Respondent Counsel: Adv. E.B. Ontong

Amounts and remedies

  • Total Value of Stolen Goods: ZAR 395,295
  • Value of Goods Recovered: ZAR 310,535

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Criminal Appeal / Appeal Against Sentence

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
The appellant argued that the sentences imposed were excessive and failed to adequately consider his youth, first offender status, and full cooperation with the police. He contended that the trial court erred by relying on the Congela case, which was factually distinguishable, and that correctional supervision would be a more appropriate sentence given his circumstances.
Respondent
The respondent maintained that the seriousness and multiplicity of the offences justified the sentences imposed. The respondent argued that the trial court correctly considered the gravity of the crimes and the need for deterrence, and that the sentences were in line with precedent. However, the respondent acknowledged the appellant's cooperation and youth as mitigating factors.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    S v Zinn 1969 (2) SA 537 (A)

    Sentences must be individualized, taking into account the offender's personal circumstances, the nature of the offences, and the interests of society.

  2. 02

    Section 276(1)(i), Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977

    Correctional supervision under section 276(1)(i) of Act 51 of 1977 is an appropriate sentencing option for youthful offenders where circumstances justify it.

  3. 03

    Section 297(4), Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977

    Minimum sentences for certain offences may be suspended in part under specific statutory provisions.

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The appeal succeeded because the trial court misdirected itself by relying on the Congela case, which was materially different from the present matter. The appellant was a minor, pleaded guilty, cooperated fully with the police, and facilitated the recovery of most stolen goods. The original sentences were excessive and disproportionate to the appellant's personal circumstances and the facts of the case. The High Court held that the sentences should be set aside and replaced with a more appropriate sentence: five years' imprisonment under section 276(1)(i) of Act 51 of 1977 for counts 1 to 16, and three years' imprisonment for the bomb threat charge (count 17), of which two years are suspended for five years on condition of good behaviour. The sentences are to be served in the order specified, and are deemed to have been imposed on 28 March 2003.

Obiter and limits

  • The facts of the Congela case are distinguishable from the present matter, particularly regarding the age and conduct of the accused.
  • It is preferable, where possible, to avoid direct imprisonment for youthful offenders, but the seriousness of the offences may necessitate it.
  • The appellant's cooperation with the police and restitution of stolen goods are significant mitigating factors.

Court disposition

Appeal against sentence upheld; original sentences set aside and replaced with new sentences as specified.

  • The appeal against the imposed sentences succeeds and the entirety of the original sentences is set aside.
  • Counts 1 to 16 are taken together for sentencing purposes and the appellant is sentenced to five years' imprisonment under section 276(1)(i) of Act 51 of 1977.
  • On count 17 (bomb threat), the appellant is sentenced to three years' imprisonment, of which two years are suspended for five years on condition that he is not convicted of contravening section 27(1A)(a) of Act 26 of 1956 during the period of suspension.
  • In terms of section 280(2) of Act 51 of 1977, the sentence on count 17 is to be served first, followed by the sentence on counts 1 to 16.
  • The sentences imposed are deemed to have been imposed on 28 March 2003.

Source and reliance status

Free State High Court, Bloemfontein

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Judgment reading view

Judgment text

The complete available source text.

Source document

Free State High Court, Bloemfontein

Judgment

[2004] ZAFSHC 26

IN DIE HOOGGEREGSHOF VAN SUID-AFRIKA

(ORANJE-VRYSTAATSE PROVINSIALE AFDELING)

Appèl Nr. A327/2003

In die appèl tussen:

JOHAN GILLIAM OBERHOLZER Appellant

en

DIE STAAT Respondent

_______________

CORAM: HATTINGH et CILLIé, RR

AANGEHOOR OP: 19 APRIL 2004

UITSPRAAK DEUR: CILLIé, R

GELEWER OP: 22 APRIL 2004

Die appellant in hierdie aangeleentheid is in die Streekhof skuldig bevind aan 14 klagtes van huisbraak met die opset om te steel en diefstal, een van diefstal van ‘n motorvoertuig, een van poging tot diefstal van ‘n motorvoertuig en ‘n sewentiende klagte van oortreding van artikel 27(1A)(a), Wet 26 van 1956 en wat geriefshalwe hierna ‘n bomdreigement genoem sal word.

Die totale waarde van die goedere betrokke by die huisbrake en diefstalle was R395 295,00. Goedere ter waarde van R310 535,00 is egter teruggevind. Die gesteelde goedere was meestal rekenaars en verwante elektriese toerusting.

Die appellant is op elke huisbraak en diefstalklagte, dit is klagtes 1 tot 16, termyne van gevangenisstraf opgelê wat wissel tussen vier jaar en agt jaar gevangenisstraf. Op die bomdreigementklagte is hy gevonnis tot drie jaar gevangenisstraf. Die totale termyn van gevangenisstraf hom opgelê is 90 jaar. Dit is egter gelas dat die vonnisse sodanig gelyktydig uitgedien kan word dat hy 23 jaar gevangenisstraf moet uitdien. Die appellant kom in hoër beroep teen die opgelegde vonnisse.

Dit is doenlik om eers na die misdaadomstandighede te verwys. Die misdrywe is gepleeg oor ‘n periode wat strek vanaf Mei 2002 tot Februarie 2003, synde ‘n periode van nege maande. Dit blyk dat die appellant deel was van ‘n groep jeugdiges wat die inbrake gepleeg het. Toe die appellant arresteer is op vier klagtes het hy uit sy eie inligting aan die polisie gegee met betrekking tot al die ander klagtes en ook die plekke gaan uitwys. Op hierdie wyse is die misdrywe opgelos.

Die appellant het self getuienis ter versagting van vonnis afgelê. Daar is ook ‘n baie volledige proefbeampte verslag wat deur ‘n maatskaplike werkster opgestel was ingehandig. Hierbenewens is daar ook ‘n verslag van ‘n korrektiewe beampte ingehandig. Uit dit alles blyk dat appellant ‘n redelike moeilike gesinsagtergrond gehad het. Toe die misdrywe gepleeg was, was hy 17 jaar oud en in matriek. Hy het die polisie bygestaan in die opsporing van die ander betrokkenes en sou ook getuienis in daardie sake aflê. Hy is ‘n eerste oortreder.

Die maatskaplike werkster het gevangenisstraf as vonnis aanbeveel. Die korrektiewe beampte het ook gevangenisstraf aanbeveel, maar aan die hand gedoen dat dit in terme van artikel 276(1)(i), Wet 51 van 1977 opgelê moet word.

Die landdros was in sy oorweging van vonnis nie besonder beïndruk met al hierdie omstandighede nie. Met ‘n beroep op die uitspraak in die saak van S v CONGELA 2002 (2) SASV 383 (T) waar ‘n vonnis van vier jaar gevangenisstraf op elk van 21 klagtes van huisbraak en diefstal aan daardie appellant opgelê was – ‘n totaal dus van 84 jaar – bevind hy dat die veelvuldigheid van die klagtes en die termyn waaroor dit gepleeg was die persoonlike omstandighede van die appellant oorskadu. Soos op appèl in die CONGELA-saak gedoen is, het die landdros ook gelas dat die termyne sodanig samelopend uitgedien kan word dat 23 jaar – inteenstelling met 20 jaar in die CONGELA-saak – uitgedien moet word.

Die landdros se steun op die CONGELA-uitspraak is ‘n wanvoorligting. Die feite in daardie saak is heeltemal onderskeibaar van die onderhawige. Daardie appellant was 38 jaar oud, het onskuldig gepleit en elk van die 20 klagtes teen hom betwis. Niks van die gesteelde goedere is teruggevind nie. In die onderhawige saak het ons te doen met ‘n minderjarige wat skuldig gepleit het en in alle opsigte ‘n openhartige en volledige blootlegging van sy misdrywe gedoen het. ‘n Groot gedeelte van die goedere in die onderhawige saak is ook teruggevind, juis as gevolg van die appellant se openbaring en medewerking. Hierdie mistasting van die landdros plaas hierdie Hof in die posisie dat vonnis opnuut oorweeg moet word.

Vanweë die appellant se jeugdigheid sou dit verkieslik wees om, indien enigsins moontlik, ‘n vonnis op te lê wat meebring dat hy nie gevangenisstraf ondergaan nie. Ek stem egter saam met die welsynsbeampes en die landdros dat die appellant nie paslik gestraf kan word sonder om aan hom gevangenisstraf op te lê nie. ‘n Termyn van 90 jaar waarvan hy 23 jaar moet uitdien is egter in die omstandighede so buitensporig en oordrewe dat slegs op daardie grondslag reeds inmenging met die opgelegde vonnis geregverdigd sou wees.

Die bomdreigementklagte dra ‘n minimum vonnis van drie jaar gevangenisstraf in terme van die voormelde Wet self. Dit beteken dat dit gedeeltelik maar nie ten volle nie opgeskort kan word. (Vergelyk artikel 297(4) van Wet 51 van 1977). Hierdie klagte is ook in sy aard verskillend van die ander klagtes. Dit is dus ondoenlik om dit met die ander klagtes saam te neem vir vonnisdoeleindes.

Die aanbeveling van die korrektiewe beampte dat die gevangenisstraf wat die appellant opgelê moet word in terme van artikel 276(1)(i) van Wet 51 van 1977 moet geskied kom my as gepas voor. Die aangewese is dus dat klagtes 1 tot 16 saamgeneem word vir vonnisdoeleindes en dat gevangenisstraf in terme van artikel 276(1)(i) daarvoor opgelê word. Die skuldigbevinding op klagte 17 (die bomdreigement) sal sy eie vonnis dra. Indien gelas word dat die vonnis op klagte 17 opgelê eerste uitgedien word en dat die gevangenisstraf wat ingevolge artikel 276(1)(i) opgelê word daarna uitgedien word, sal dit meebring dat die Kommissaris van Korrektiewe Dienste na uitdiening van die gevangenisstraf op klagte 17 en tydens uitdiening van die gevangenisstraf op klagtes 1 tot 16 opgelê, op die tydstip wat die Kommissaris as gepas beskou, die appellant onder korrektiewe toesig kan uitlaat.

Bygevolg word die volgende bevel gemaak:

1. Die appèl teen die opgelegde vonnisse slaag en die geheel van die opgelegde vonnis word tersyde gestel.

2. Klagtes 1 tot 16 word saamgeneem vir vonnisdoeleindes en die appellant word daarop gevonnis tot vyf jaar gevangenisstraf opgelê ingevolge artikel 276(1)(i) van Wet 51 van 1977.

3. Op klagte 17 word appellant gevonnis tot drie jaar gevangenisstraf waarvan twee jaar opgeskort word vir vyf jaar op voorwaarde dat appellant nie weer skuldig bevind word aan oortreding van artikel 27(1A)(a), Wet 26 van 1956, gepleeg gedurende die periode van opskorting nie.

4. Ingevolge artikel 280(2), Wet 51 van 1977 word dit gelas dat die vonnis op klagte 17 opgelê eerste uitgedien sal word en die vonnis op klagtes 1 tot 16 daarna.

5. Die vonnisse opgelê moet geag word opgelê te gewees het op 28 Maart 2003.

______

C.B. CILLIé, R

EK STEM SAAM

______

G.A. HATTINGH, R

Namens Appellant: Adv. R van Wyk

Sasolburg

Namens Respondent: Adv. E.B. Ontong

i.o.v.

Direkteur: Openbare Vervolgings

/scd

Source wording is retained. Consult the source document for its original formatting and pagination.

Authorities

Authorities used by the court

Cases, legislation, regulations, and constitutional provisions identified in the available record.

S v Congela 2002 (2) SACR 383 (T)

Case cited

S v Zinn 1969 (2) SA 537 (A)

Case cited

Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

Section 276(1)(i), Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

Section 297(4), Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

Section 280(2), Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

Section 27(1A)(a), Act 26 of 1956

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

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