S v Ohentse (34/05) [2005] ZANCHC 17 (15 April 2005)
- Citation
- [2005] ZANCHC 17
- Status
- Judgment
- Jurisdiction
- South Africa
- Court
- Northern Cape High Court, Kimberley
- Panel
- Lacock
- Case number
- 34/05
More details
- Court
- Northern Cape High Court, Kimberley
- Panel
- Lacock
- Case number
- 34/05
On this page
Professional case brief
Research organized from the available case record
01
Holding and result
The magistrate failed to comply with the requirements of sections 162, 163, and 164 of the Criminal Procedure Act when receiving the evidence of the child witnesses Gobhiya and Nomsa. There was no proper inquiry into their understanding of the oath, nor were they warned in terms of section 164. Instead, they merely affirmed to tell the truth, which does not satisfy the statutory requirements. As their evidence was inadmissible, and the convictions were based solely on their testimony, the convictions and sentences must be set aside. The matter is remitted to the trial court for reconsideration and possible reopening to cure the procedural defect.
Court disposition
Convictions and sentences set aside; matter remitted for reconsideration.
Orders
- The convictions on both charges and the sentences imposed on the accused are set aside.
- The matter is referred back to the trial court for consideration of reopening the case to properly receive the evidence of witnesses Gobhiya and Nomsa in compliance with statutory requirements.
02
Material facts
Parties
The State
ApplicantSylvester Kgokong Ohentse
Respondent03
Procedural history
Posture
Criminal Review / Review of Conviction and Sentence
04
Questions and positions
Legal issues
- 01
Whether the magistrate complied with sections 162, 163, and 164 of the Criminal Procedure Act regarding the administration of oath or affirmation to child witnesses.
- 02
Whether the evidence of the child witnesses Gobhiya and Nomsa was admissible.
- 03
Whether the convictions and sentences based solely on the inadmissible evidence should be set aside.
Party arguments
- Applicant
- The State relied on the testimony of two child witnesses, Gobhiya and Nomsa, to secure convictions for theft and unlawful possession of a firearm against the accused. The prosecution did not ensure that the witnesses were properly sworn in or warned in accordance with the requirements of the Criminal Procedure Act.
- Respondent
- The accused challenged the admissibility of the evidence given by the child witnesses, arguing that the magistrate failed to comply with the statutory requirements for administering the oath or warning, rendering their evidence inadmissible and insufficient to support a conviction.
05
Court’s reasoning
Legal principles
- 01
Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977, sections 162, 163, 164
A witness who does not understand the nature and import of the oath must be warned to speak the truth in terms of section 164 of the Criminal Procedure Act, 51 of 1977.
- 02
S v B 2003 (1) SACR 52 (SCA); DPP, KwaZulu-Natal v Mekka 2003 (2) SACR 1 (SCA)
A formal inquiry into a witness's understanding of the oath is not always required, but the presiding officer must be satisfied that the witness does not comprehend the oath before proceeding under section 164.
06
Ratio, limits and disposition
Ratio decidendi
The magistrate failed to comply with the requirements of sections 162, 163, and 164 of the Criminal Procedure Act when receiving the evidence of the child witnesses Gobhiya and Nomsa. There was no proper inquiry into their understanding of the oath, nor were they warned in terms of section 164. Instead, they merely affirmed to tell the truth, which does not satisfy the statutory requirements. As their evidence was inadmissible, and the convictions were based solely on their testimony, the convictions and sentences must be set aside. The matter is remitted to the trial court for reconsideration and possible reopening to cure the procedural defect.
Obiter and limits
- The mere age of a witness does not justify the presiding officer in concluding that the witness does not understand the nature and import of the oath.
- If the statutory requirements for administering the oath or warning are not met, the evidence of such witnesses is inadmissible and cannot support a conviction.
Court disposition
Convictions and sentences set aside; matter remitted for reconsideration.
- The convictions on both charges and the sentences imposed on the accused are set aside.
- The matter is referred back to the trial court for consideration of reopening the case to properly receive the evidence of witnesses Gobhiya and Nomsa in compliance with statutory requirements.
Source and reliance status
Northern Cape High Court, Kimberley
This page organises the available record for research. Confirm quotations, current status, and subsequent treatment against the official source before relying on the case.
Judgment reading view
Judgment text
The complete available source text.
Northern Cape High Court, Kimberley
Judgment
IN DIE HOOGGEREGSHOF VAN SUID-AFRIKA
IN
THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA
(Noord-Kaapse Afdeling / Northern Cape Division)
Saakno: / Case number: 34/05
Datum gelewer: / Date delivered: 15/04/05 (HOFRESES)
In die saak van:
DIE STAAT
teen
OHENTSÃ,
SYLVESTER KGOKONG
Coram: Lacock R
UITSPRAAK
OP HERSIENING
LACOCK R:
Die beskuldigde mnr. Sylvester Kgokong Ohentsé, is in die distrikshof, Carnarvon, skuldig bevind aan diefstal asook aan die onregmatige besit van ân vuurwapen en is hy gevonnis tot agtien en twaalf maande gevangenisstraf onderskeidelik op die twee aanklagtes.
Nadat hierdie saak op hiersiening aan my voorgelê is, het ek die volgende navraag aan die landdros gerig:
Het die Landdros die voorskrifte van arts. 162 en/of 164 van die Strafproseswet, nr. 51 van 1977, nagekom ten aansien van die getuies Gobhiya en Nomsa?
Is daar eerstens hoegenaamd vasgestel of hulle die betekenis van die eed verstaan of nie verstaan het nie?
Indien hierdie vasstelling gedoen is en bevind is dat hulle nie die betekenis van die eed verstaan het nie, moes hulle nie ingevolge art. 164 gewaarsku gewees het nie? Waarom is ân bevestiging (kragtens art. 163) afgelê?
Was die getuienis van die voormelde getuies â in die lig van die voorgaande â toelaatbaar?
Indien nie, kon ân skuldigbevinding volg?â
In antwoord hierop het die landdros toegegee dat hy ân mistasting begaan het aangaande die toelaatbaarheid van die getuienis van die getuies Gobhiya en Nomsa, en versoek hy dat die skuldigbevindings en vonnisse ter syde gestel word.
Ten aansien van die getuie Gobhiya lees die tersaaklike gedeelte van die oorkonde as volg:
âAANKLAER: Die Staat roep Forto Obluja.
HOF: Goed, watter taal praat u?
FORTO OBLUJA
HOF: Watter taal praat u? --- Xhosa.
Meneer hou oud is u? --- 15 jaar oud.
So u ken die verskil tussen reg en verkeerd né? --- Ja Edele.
So u bevestig dat u die waarheid sal praat? --- Ja Edele.
FORTO OBLUJA bevestig om die waarheid te praat.â
Hiermee volg die getuienis van die getuie in hoof en in kruisondervraging.
Wat betref die getuie Nomsa, lees die toepaslike gedeelte van die oorkonde as volg:
âAANKLAER: Edelagbare die Staat roep die ander getuie. Ek gaan nou ân probleem hê met die uitspraak, maar dit is Simevkwe Nomsa. Die Staat roep daardie getuie.
HOF: U volle naam
SIMEVKWE
NOMSA bevestig om die waarheid te praat.
(16 jaar oud)
Hierna volg die ondervraging van die getuie deur die aanklaer.
Uit die voorgaande val dit onmiddellik op dat die getuienis van hierdie twee getuies nie onder eed afgelê is nie. Tensy die voorskrifte van artikels 163 of 164 van die Strafproseswet, nr. 51 van 1977, (die Wet) aanwending vind, is die getuienis van hierdie getuies dus ontoelaatbaar.
Hoewel dit nou gesaghebbend neergelê is dat ân formele ondersoek na die vraag of ân getuie die aard en betekenis van die eed begryp, nie in alle gevalle nodig is alvorens ân voorsittende beampte kan besluit dat ân getuie nie die aard en betekenis van die eed begryp nie, (S v B 2003 (1) SASV 52 (HHA) ) en DPP, KwaZulu-Natal v Mekka, 2003 (2) SASV 1 (HHA) ), is daar niks in hierdie saak wat daarop dui dat die landdros tot sodanige gevolgtrekking gekom het nie, behalwe dat hy die getuies laat bevestig het dat hulle die waarheid sou praat.
Ten tye van die hofverrigtinge was die getuies 15 en 16 jaar oud onderskeidelik. Dit blyk nie uit die oorkonde wat hul skolastiese of ander opleiding behels nie. Myns insiens was die landdros nie bloot op sterkte van hul ouderdomme en by gebreke aan enige ondersoek geregverdig om af te lei dat hulle nie die aard en betekenis van die eed begryp het nie.
Maar selfs indien gesê kan word dat die landros geregverdig was om af te lei dat hierdie twee getuies nie die aard en die betekenis van die eed begryp het nie, moes hy hulle kragtens die voorskrifte van art. 164 (1) van die Wet gewaarsku het om die waarheid te praat. Dit het hy nie gedoen nie. Wat hy wel gedoen het, was om hulle te laat bevestig (blykbaar ingevolge die voorskrifte van art. 163) dat hulle die waarheid sou praat.
Die getuienis van hierdie voormelde getuies was dus nie toelaatbaar teen die beskuldigde nie, en die toelating daarvan was onreëlmatig gedoen.
Die beskuldigde was slegs deur hierdie twee getuies se getuienis met die misdade waaraan hy skuldig bevind was, verbind. Sou daardie getuienis buite rekening gelaat word, volg dit dat die Staat nie die skuld van die beskuldigde bo redelike twyfel bewys het nie. Die skuldigbevindings en vonnisse moet gevolglik ter syde gestel word.
Bygevolg word die volgende bevele hierin verleen:
Die skuldigbevinding aan beide aanklagtes waaraan die beskuldigde skuldig bevind is en die vonnisse hom opgelê, word ter syde gestel.
Die saak word na die hof a quo terug verwys vir oorweging van die heropening daarvan vir die aanhoor van die getuienis van die getuies Gobhiya en Nomsa op ân wyse wat die gebrek in die aanvanklike voorlegging van hul getuienis sal regstel.
_____
HJ Lacock
REGTER
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