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South Africa Judgment

Free State High Court, Bloemfontein

S v Schoeman (107/2007) [2007] ZAFSHC 40 (15 May 2007)

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Research organized from the available case record

Source document

01

Holding and result

The court held that the charge sheet, despite referencing the incorrect section and omitting the penalty provision, adequately described the statutory offence and provided sufficient particulars for the accused to understand the nature of the charge. The errors did not render the charge invalid nor prejudice the accused. However, the sentence imposed referenced the wrong section and was therefore meaningless in its suspended condition. The court confirmed the conviction but set aside the sentence and replaced it with a suspended sentence referencing the correct statutory provision, namely section 120(9)(f) of the Firearms Control Act 60 of 2000.

Court disposition

Conviction confirmed; sentence set aside and replaced with a suspended sentence referencing the correct statutory provision.

Orders

  • The conviction is confirmed.
  • The sentence imposed is set aside and replaced with: Twelve (12) months' imprisonment suspended for four (4) years on condition that the accused is not again convicted of an offence under section 120(9)(f) of the Firearms Control Act 60 of 2000 committed during the period of suspension.
  • The sentence is deemed to have been imposed on 11 January 2007.

02

Material facts

Parties

Die Staat

Applicant

Gerhardus Petrus Schoeman

Respondent

Amounts and remedies

  • Fine for Theft (1984): ZAR 30
  • Fine for Drunk Driving (1992): ZAR 2,000

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Review Application / Automatic Review After Conviction and Sentence

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
The magistrate argued that although the charge sheet referenced the wrong section and omitted the penalty provision, the description of the statutory offence was sufficiently clear for the accused to understand the nature of the charge. The magistrate requested that the sentence be amended to refer to the correct section of the Act.
Respondent
The accused pleaded guilty and did not raise any objection to the charge sheet or the referenced statutory provisions. There was no indication that the accused was prejudiced or confused by the errors in the charge sheet.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    Section 84(3) of the Criminal Procedure Act

    A statutory offence may be sufficiently described in the wording of the provision creating the offence or in corresponding language; reference to the correct section and penalty is desirable but not strictly required for validity.

  2. 02

    South African Criminal Law and Procedure, Volume III, Milton, Chapter 3, para. 2; S v Badenhorst 1991 (1) SACR 623 (T)

    The charge must fully inform the accused of the case against him, including the title and number of the statute and the particular section; omission or error in section numbers is not necessarily fatal if the accused is adequately informed.

  3. 03

    R v Kharibe 1958 (1) SA 191 (TPD)

    If the particulars of the offence are clear enough, the charge will be deemed sufficient even if section numbers are omitted or incorrect.

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The court held that the charge sheet, despite referencing the incorrect section and omitting the penalty provision, adequately described the statutory offence and provided sufficient particulars for the accused to understand the nature of the charge. The errors did not render the charge invalid nor prejudice the accused. However, the sentence imposed referenced the wrong section and was therefore meaningless in its suspended condition. The court confirmed the conviction but set aside the sentence and replaced it with a suspended sentence referencing the correct statutory provision, namely section 120(9)(f) of the Firearms Control Act 60 of 2000.

Obiter and limits

  • It is desirable for a charge sheet to reference the correct statutory section and penalty provision, but failure to do so is not necessarily fatal if the accused is adequately informed.
  • The suspended sentence must reference the correct statutory provision to be meaningful and enforceable.

Court disposition

Conviction confirmed; sentence set aside and replaced with a suspended sentence referencing the correct statutory provision.

  • The conviction is confirmed.
  • The sentence imposed is set aside and replaced with: Twelve (12) months' imprisonment suspended for four (4) years on condition that the accused is not again convicted of an offence under section 120(9)(f) of the Firearms Control Act 60 of 2000 committed during the period of suspension.
  • The sentence is deemed to have been imposed on 11 January 2007.

Source and reliance status

Free State High Court, Bloemfontein

This page organises the available record for research. Confirm quotations, current status, and subsequent treatment against the official source before relying on the case.

Judgment reading view

Judgment text

The complete available source text.

Source document

Free State High Court, Bloemfontein

Judgment

[2007] ZAFSHC 40

IN DIE HOOGGEREGSHOF VAN SUID-AFRIKA

(ORANGE VRYSTAATSE PROVINSIALE AFDELING)

Hersiening Nr. : 107/2007

In die hersiening tussen:-

DIE

STAAT

en

GERHARDUS

PETRUS SCHOEMAN

_____________

CORAM: VAN ZYL R et ZIETSMAN WnR

UITSPRAAK DEUR: VAN ZYL R

GELEWER OP: 15 MEI 2007

[1] Beskuldigde het tereggestaan op ‘n aanklag in terme van die Wet op Beheer van Vuurwapens, Nr. 60 van 2000 (“die Wet”), deurdat hy na bewering wederregtelik en opsetlik vals inligting op ‘n aansoek om ‘n vuurwapenlisensie verskaf het. Hy het skuldig gepleit, is dienooreenkomstig skuldig bevind en gevonnis tot 12 (twaalf) maande gevangenisstraf opgeskort vir 4 (vier) jaar op sekere voorwaardes.

[2] Die aangeleentheid het daaropvolgend op outomatiese hersiening voor my gedien waartydens ek die volgende navrae gerig het:

“1. Openbaar Aanhangsel A tot die dagvaarding, soos tans bewoord, ‘n misdryf? Moes dit nie na artikel 120(9)(f) van Wet 60 van 2000 verwys het nie?

2. Moes die aanhangsel nie ook na die strafbepaling, soos vervat in artikel 121 van voormelde wet, verwys het nie?

3. Wat is die effek van bogemelde tekortkominge op die regsgeldigheid en/of nietigheid van die aanklag?”

[3] Ten einde voormelde navrae in perspektief te plaas, is dit nodig om na die inhoud van voormelde aanhangsel “A” tot die dagvaarding te verwys. Die relevante gedeeltes daarvan lees as volg:

“VALS

INLIGTING VERSKAF OP AANSOEK OM VUURWAPEN LISENSIE

Dat die beskuldigde skuldig is aan die oortreding van artikel 9(f) gelees met regulasie 110 van Wet 60 van 2000

Deurdat op of omtrent 12/12/2005 en te of naby JACOBSDAL in die distrik van JACOBSDAL die beskuldigde wederregtelik en opsetlik vals inligting op die voorgeskrewe vorm wat gebruik word vir ‘n aansoek om ‘n vuurwapen lisensie verskaf het, te wete verklaar het dat hy geen vorige veroordelings het, terwyl hy inderdaad die volgende vorige veroordelings het:

5/3/84 – Diefstal – beboet R30.00 Bloemfontein saak F344/84

11/8/92 – Dronkbestuur – beboet R2000.00 of 12 maande gevangenisstraf, waarvan R1000.00 of 6 maande gevangenisstraf opgeskort word vir 4 jaar, asook bywoning van alkohol veiligheidsskool.”

[4] Die Verhoorlanddros het ‘n volledige en behoorlik gemotiveerde antwoord op voormelde navrae verskaf. Die wese van sy antwoord is dat die verwysing na die foutiewe artikel en die versuim om geensins na die strafbepaling te verwys nie, wel tekortkominge daarstel, maar dat dit nie sodanig is dat dit die regsgeldigheid van die aanklag en die gevolglike skuldigbevinding affekteer nie, aangesien die beskrywing van die staturêre misdryf steeds duidelik genoeg was dat die beskuldigde verstaan het waaroor dit gaan. Die Verhoorlanddros het egter versoek dat die vonnis gewysig behoort te word om te verwys na die korrekte artikel van die Wet.

[5] Die misdryf waarvan beskuldigde aangekla is, is ‘n misdryf wat in artikel 120(9)(f) van die Wet omskryf word en wel as volg:

“(9) Dit is 'n misdryf om-

(a) ...

(b) ...

(c) ...

(d) ...

(e) ...

(f) besonderhede, inligting of antwoorde in enige aansoek om 'n bevoegdheidsertifikaat, lisensie, permit of magtiging ingevolge hierdie Wet te verskaf, wetende dat dit vals, onjuis of misleidend is of nie glo dat dit juis is nie;

(g) ...

(h) ...”

Dit blyk dus dat die verwysing in die aanhangsel tot die klagstaat na ‘n oortreding van “artikel 9(f)” foutief is, aangesien dit moes verwys het na artikel 120(9)(f) van die Wet. Die strafbepaling kom voor in artikel 121 van die Wet, saamgelees met bylae 4 tot die Wet.

[6] Soos tereg deur die Verhoorlanddros in sy skrywe uitgewys, bepaal artikel 84(3) van die Strafproseswet dat “die beskrywing van ‘n statutêre misdryf in die bewoording van die wetsbepaling wat die misdryf skep, of in ooreenstemmende bewoording, voldoende (is)”.

Dit is egter insgelyks so dat ‘n beskuldigde so volledig as moontlik ingelig moet word met betrekking tot die aanklag teen hom. In die verband verskyn die volgende passasie in South African Criminal Law and Procedure, Volume III, Milton, hoofstuk 3, par. 2, op p. 2 - 3:

“In keeping with the fundamental principle that the charge should fully inform the accused of the case the State intends to prove against him, reference should also be made in the charge to the title and number of the statutory enactment as well as the particular section in which the offence is created. In S v Badenhorst 1991 (1) SACR 623 (T) at 624 G – H the court went further by holding that it is desirable to include in the charge related sections, such as those in which the penalty for a contravention of the section is prescribed or presumptions are created. This can also extend to the inclusion of sections containing evidential rules or certain regulations with which a particular section of an Act had to be read.”

[7] Dit is egter nie noodwendig ‘n grond vir nietigverklaring as die nommers van artikels weggelaat word of foutief beskryf word nie. Die toets is of die beskuldigde voldoende op hoogte gestel is van die aanklag teen hom. As die besonderhede van die oortreding derhalwe duidelik genoeg is, sal dit geag word voldoende te wees. (Sien R v KHARIBE 1958 (1) SA 191 (TPD) op 192 H - 193 B.)

[8] Nieteenstaande die feit dat die aanklag in die onderhawige geval na ‘n foutiewe artikel van die Wet verwys en ook nie ‘n verwysing na die stafbepaling in die Wet bevat nie, is ek dit egter eens met die Verhoorlanddros dat die beskrywing van die misdryf soos dit tans bewoord is, voldoende is om ‘n misdryf daar te stel en die besonderhede van die oortreding duidelik genoeg aan die beskuldigde gestel was. Die beskuldigde is derhalwe ook nie op enige wyse benadeel deur bogemelde tekortkominge en versuim in die omskrywing van die aanklag nie.

[9] Gevolglik stel aanhangsel “A” tot die dagvaarding in die onderhawige geval ‘n regsgeldige aanklag daar en is die skuldigbevinging op daardie aanklag derhalwe in orde.

[10] Wat die opgelegde vonnis betref, lees dit tans as volg:

“Twaalf (12) maande gevangenisstraf opgeskort vir vier (4) jaar op voorwaarde dat beskuldigde nie weer skuldig bevind word aan artikel 9(f) Wet 60/2000 gepleeg binne tydperk van opskorting nie.”

Dit is dus duidelik dat daar in die opgelegde vonnis insgelyks na die verkeerde artikel van die Wet verwys word. Dit spreek dus vanself dat die opskortingsvoorwaarde soos dit tans lees, sinneloos is en het die Verhoorlanddros na my mening tereg voorgestel dat die opgelegde vonnis tersyde gestel moet word en vervang moet word met ‘n soortgelyke vonnis, maar waarvan die bewoording van die opskortingsvoorwaarde verwys na artikel 120(9)(f) van die Wet.

[11] Gevolglik word die volgende bevele verleen:

Die skuldigbevinding word bekragtig.

Die opgelegde vonnis word tersyde gestel en vervang met die volgende:

“Twaalf (12) maande gevangenisstraf opgeskort vir vier (4) jaar op voorwaarde dat beskuldigde nie weer skuldig bevind word aan ‘n oortreding van artikel 120(9)(f) van die Wet op Beheer van Vuurwapens, Nr. 60 van 2000, gepleeg binne die tydperk van opskorting nie.”

Die vonnis moet geag word opgelê te gewees het op 11 Januarie 2007.

____

C. VAN ZYL, R

Ek stem saam.

_____

P. ZIETSMAN, WnR

/sp

Source wording is retained. Consult the source document for its original formatting and pagination.

Authorities

Authorities used by the court

Cases, legislation, regulations, and constitutional provisions identified in the available record.

S v Badenhorst 1991 (1) SACR 623 (T)

Case cited

R v Kharibe 1958 (1) SA 191 (TPD)

Case cited

Firearms Control Act 60 of 2000

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

Criminal Procedure Act

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

South African Criminal Law and Procedure, Volume III, Milton

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

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