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South Africa Judgment

Free State High Court, Bloemfontein

S v Sefatsa (299/2006) [2007] ZAFSHC 4 (22 January 2007)

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Source document

01

Holding and result

The court held that the compensation order made by the magistrate under section 300 of the Criminal Procedure Act was inappropriate because the accused had no means or assets to pay the ordered amount. The magistrate's own concession and the authorities cited confirm that such orders should not be made where payment is impossible. The conviction for fraud and the sentence of 12 months' imprisonment were found to be in order, as the accused had unlawfully appropriated pension funds after the death of the beneficiary. The compensation order was accordingly set aside.

Court disposition

Conviction and sentence confirmed; compensation order set aside.

Orders

  • The conviction and sentence imposed by the magistrate's court are confirmed.
  • The compensation order granted under section 300 of the Criminal Procedure Act, Act 51 of 1977, is set aside.

02

Material facts

Parties

Die Staat

Applicant

Manaha Maria Sefatsa

Respondent

Amounts and remedies

  • Amount of Fraud: ZAR 9,240

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Review Application / Automatic Review of Magistrate's Court Conviction and Sentence

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
The prosecution requested the court to grant a compensation order under section 300 of the Criminal Procedure Act, despite acknowledging that the accused could not repay the amount. The prosecution argued that such an order should nevertheless be made.
Respondent
The accused, through her own statements and supporting testimony from her son, indicated she had no funds or assets to pay compensation. The presiding magistrate conceded that the compensation order was inappropriate given the accused's inability to pay and requested its setting aside.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    S v Baloyi 1981 (2) SA 227 (T)

    A compensation order under section 300 of the Criminal Procedure Act should only be made where the accused has the means to pay or possesses assets that could satisfy the order through execution.

  2. 02

    S v Bepela 1978 (2) SA 22 (BH)

    The enforceability of a compensation order as a civil judgment must be considered; it is futile if the accused lacks money or assets.

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The court held that the compensation order made by the magistrate under section 300 of the Criminal Procedure Act was inappropriate because the accused had no means or assets to pay the ordered amount. The magistrate's own concession and the authorities cited confirm that such orders should not be made where payment is impossible. The conviction for fraud and the sentence of 12 months' imprisonment were found to be in order, as the accused had unlawfully appropriated pension funds after the death of the beneficiary. The compensation order was accordingly set aside.

Obiter and limits

  • It is especially inappropriate to grant a compensation order where the accused is sentenced to a substantial period of imprisonment and has no assets.
  • Compensation orders should not be granted as a matter of course; the accused's financial position must be properly investigated.

Court disposition

Conviction and sentence confirmed; compensation order set aside.

  • The conviction and sentence imposed by the magistrate's court are confirmed.
  • The compensation order granted under section 300 of the Criminal Procedure Act, Act 51 of 1977, is set aside.

Source and reliance status

Free State High Court, Bloemfontein

This page organises the available record for research. Confirm quotations, current status, and subsequent treatment against the official source before relying on the case.

Judgment reading view

Judgment text

The complete available source text.

Source document

Free State High Court, Bloemfontein

Judgment

[2007] ZAFSHC 4

IN DIE HOOGGEREGSHOF VAN SUID-AFRIKA

(ORANJE VRYSTAATSE PROVINSIALE AFDELING)

Saak Nr.: 399/2006

In die hersiening tussen:

DIE

STAAT

en

MANAHA

MARIA SEFATSA

_____________

CORAM: BECKLEY, R et VAN ZYL, R

UITSPRAAK: VAN ZYL, R

GELEWER OP: 1 FEBRUARIE 2007

[1] Beskuldigde het in die Landdroshof, Zastron, tereggestaan op ‘n aanklag van bedrog ten bedrae van R9240.00. Sy het skuldig gepleit op hierdie aanklag en is dienooreenkomstig skuldig bevind. Beskuldigde is daarop gevonnis tot 12 maande gevangenisstraf. Die Verhoorhof het voorts gelas dat die beskuldigde ooreenkomstig die bepalings van artikel 300 van die Strafproseswet, Wet 51 van 1977, vergoeding aan die Departement van Sosiale Ontwikkeling, synde die klaer, betaal in die bedrag van R9240.00.

[2] Die saak het op outomatiese hersiening voor my gedien en het ek die volgende navraag tot die Verhoorlanddros gerig:

“Waarom is ‘n bevel ten opsigte van vergoeding gemaak as dit duidelik is dat die beskuldigde nie die vermoë het om dit te betaal nie? (Sien S v BALOYI 1981 (2) SA 227 (T)).”

In antwoord op voormelde navraag, het die Verhoorlanddros as volg geantwoord:

“1. In antwoord op haar Edele die Hersieningsregter se navraag is dit inderdaad so na aanleiding van S v BALOYI 1981 (2) SA 227 (T) dat die hof fouteer het deur ‘n vergoedingsbevel onder die omstandighede toe te staan gesien in die lig dat die beskuldigde nie oor enige fondse beskik om te betaal nie.

2. Alhoewel die bevel ‘n uitwerking van ‘n siviele vonnis het, het ondervinding geleer dat daar waarskynlik nooit tot sodanige stappe oorgegaan sal word nie in die lig van beskuldigde se vermoë om te betaal of enige bates besit nie.

3. Die Hof versoek respekvol dat die bevel onder artikel 300, Wet 51/77 ter syde gestel word.”

[3] Na my mening is die skuldigbevinding op grond van beskuldigde se pleit van skuldig, heeltemal in orde. Ek is eweneens van mening dat die opgelegde vonnis van 12 maande gevangenisstraf in orde is. Dit blyk uit die artikel 112(1)(b) ondervraging dat die aanklag en skuldigbevinding daaruit voortspruit dat beskuldigde ‘n prokurasiehouer was van ene Agnes Phiri en maandeliks namens Phiri haar pensioen ontvang het. Agnes is egter oorlede op 3 Januarie 2005. Beskuldigde het nie die Departement van Sosiale Ontwikkeling in kennis gestel van Agnes se afsterwe nie en het gevolglik voortgegaan om maandeliks die pensioengeld te ontvang vanaf die tydperk 10 Januarie 2005 tot 15 Desember 2005. Hierdie geld het sy vir haarself toegeëien, hoewel sy dit ook gebruik het om vir Agnes se begrafnis te betaal.

[4] Wat haar persoonlike omstandighede betref, blyk dit dat beskuldigde 49 jaar oud is en hoewel sy getroud is, woon haar man in Lesotho terwyl beskuldigde in Zastron woonagtig is. Sy het 5 kinders, die oudste waarvan ter strafversagting getuig het en in wese die persoonlike omstandighede van beskuldigde gestaaf het. Beskuldigde is werkloos en so ook haar man. Dit blyk uit die oorkonde dat beskuldigde spesifiek vermeld het dat sy geen geld het om aan die Departement terug te betaal nie. Haar seun het ook getuig dat beskuldigde nie in staat is om die geld terug te betaal nie en dat daar ook nie familielede is wat haar behulpsaam kan wees om die geld terug te betaal nie. Tydens betoog het die aanklaer vermeld dat “beskuldigde kan nie die geld terugbetaal nie maar versoek (ek) tog die hof om so ‘n bevel toe te staan”. Die Verhoorhof het daarop in terme van artikel 300 van Strafproseswet gelas dat beskuldigde die Departement van Sosiale Ontwikkeling moet vergoed in die bedrag van R9240.00.

[5] In S v BALOYI 1981 (2) SA 227 (T) op 229 G – H is as volg beslis:

“The provisions of s 300 of the Act do not oblige the court to make an order for compensation. Indeed, it is pointed out by the learned author of Hiemstra on Suid-Afrikaanse Strafproses 2nd ed at 547:

"Hierdie artikel sal gebruik word wanneer die persoon kan betaal, of waarskynlik bates besit wat in eksekusie verkoop en voldoende sal oplewer om die koste en die skade of die grootste deel daarvan te dek."

In the present case the magistrate was correctly satisfied that the appellant would not be able to make any substantial repayment. He also was satisfied that there was no assets which would render any substantial amount in execution. Having come to those conclusions I am of the opinion that the magistrate misdirected himself in nevertheless making the order in question. It is especially inappropriate where an accused is to be sent to prison for a substantial period of time and has no assets. ... I would accordingly set aside the order made under s 300 of Act 51 of 1977.”

Dit is ook voorheen in S v BEPELA 1978 (2) SA 22 (BH) op 24 F – G beslis dat:

“In any event, where a compensatory order is being considered, the possibility of executing upon it as a civil judgment should be investigated. It could be a useless order if the accused has no money or other assets.”

[6] Soos reeds vermeld blyk dit duidelik dat beskuldigde geensins in ‘n finansiële posisie is om enige vergoeding aan die Departement te betaal soos deur die Verhoorhof gelas nie. Dit is dus duidelik uit voormelde gesag dat daar nie ‘n vergoedingsbevel in hierdie aangeleentheid gemaak moes gewees het nie en is die Verhoorlanddros se toegewing dat die vergoedingsbevel ter syde gestel behoort te word, na my mening heeltemal tereg gemaak.

[7] In vooropstelling word die volgende bevele verleen:

1. Beide die skuldigbevinding en die opgelegde vonnis word bekragtig.

2. Die vergoedingsbevel verleen ooreenkomstig die bepalings van artikel 300 van die Strafproseswet, Wet 51 van 1977, word ter syde gestel.

_____

C. VAN ZYL, R

Ek stem saam.

____

A.P. BECKLEY, R

/em

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Authorities

Authorities used by the court

Cases, legislation, regulations, and constitutional provisions identified in the available record.

S v Baloyi 1981 (2) SA 227 (T)

Case cited

S v Bepela 1978 (2) SA 22 (BH)

Case cited

Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

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