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South Africa Judgment

Northern Cape High Court, Kimberley

S v Selote (295/2005) [2005] ZANCHC 67 (2 December 2005)

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Professional case brief

Research organized from the available case record

Source document

01

Holding and result

The court held that section 262(3) of the Criminal Procedure Act applies to incomplete offences such as attempted housebreaking with intent to commit an unknown crime. This section only permits a conviction for malicious injury to property if the evidence supports such a finding. In this case, the accused pleaded guilty to attempted housebreaking with intent to steal, but was convicted as charged for attempted housebreaking with intent to commit an unknown crime. There was no evidence of property damage, nor any basis for a conviction for malicious injury to property. Therefore, the conviction and sentence must be set aside as the requirements of section 262(3) were not met.

Court disposition

Conviction and sentence set aside.

Orders

  • The conviction and sentence are set aside.

02

Material facts

Parties

The State

Applicant

Olebogeng Selote

Respondent

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Criminal Review / Special Review

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
The magistrate requested that the conviction and sentence be set aside on special review, arguing that the accused pleaded guilty to attempted housebreaking with intent to steal, but was convicted as charged for attempted housebreaking with intent to commit an unknown crime. The magistrate contended that section 262(3) of the Criminal Procedure Act does not permit a conviction for any proven intent other than malicious injury to property in such cases, and there was no evidence of property damage.
Respondent
The accused, represented by counsel, pleaded guilty in writing to attempted housebreaking with intent to steal. There was no evidence presented that any damage was caused to the complainant's property, nor was there evidence supporting a conviction for malicious injury to property. The accused admitted only to standing outside while a friend broke in.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977, section 262(2)

    Section 262(2) of the Criminal Procedure Act allows conviction for the proven crime if the accused is charged with housebreaking with intent to commit an unknown crime and the intent to steal is proven.

  2. 02

    Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977, section 262(3)

    Section 262(3) applies to incomplete offences and only permits conviction for malicious injury to property if evidence supports it; it does not allow conviction for other proven intents.

  3. 03

    Snyman, Criminal Law, 4th edition, p. 552

    Malicious injury to property requires evidence that the owner's property was damaged, resulting in cost, labour, or effort to restore it to its original condition.

  4. 04

    S v Kesolofetse and another 2004(2) SACR 166 (NCD)

    In the absence of evidence of property damage, a conviction for malicious injury to property cannot be sustained.

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The court held that section 262(3) of the Criminal Procedure Act applies to incomplete offences such as attempted housebreaking with intent to commit an unknown crime. This section only permits a conviction for malicious injury to property if the evidence supports such a finding. In this case, the accused pleaded guilty to attempted housebreaking with intent to steal, but was convicted as charged for attempted housebreaking with intent to commit an unknown crime. There was no evidence of property damage, nor any basis for a conviction for malicious injury to property. Therefore, the conviction and sentence must be set aside as the requirements of section 262(3) were not met.

Obiter and limits

  • The absence of evidence of damage to the complainant's property precludes a conviction for malicious injury to property.
  • A guilty plea to attempted housebreaking with intent to steal does not justify conviction for attempted housebreaking with intent to commit an unknown crime unless the proven intent matches the charge.

Court disposition

Conviction and sentence set aside.

  • The conviction and sentence are set aside.

Source and reliance status

Northern Cape High Court, Kimberley

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Judgment reading view

Judgment text

The complete available source text.

Source document

Northern Cape High Court, Kimberley

Judgment

[2005] ZANCHC 67

IN DIE HOOGGEREGSHOF VAN SUID-AFRIKA

(NOORD-KAAPSE AFDELING)

KIMBERLEY

SAAK NO.:295/2005

DATUM:02-12-2005

In die Hersieningsuitspraak van:

DIE

STAAT

teen

OLEBOGENG

SELOTE

CORAM: WILLIAMS R et MUSI R

U

I T S P R A A K

WILLIAMS R:

1. Die beskuldigde in hierdie saak het in die Landdroshof te Kimberley tereg gestaan op ‘n aanklag van poging tot huisbraak met die opset om ‘n misdaad aan die aanklaer onbekend te pleeg.

2. Die beskuldigde, wat regsverteenwoordig was, het ‘n skriftelike pleit van skuldig aan die verhoorhof voorgehou waarin hy erken het dat hy skuldig is aan die misdryf van poging tot huisbraak met die opset om te steel. Die landdros het hom egter skuldig bevind soos aangekla en gevonnis tot ses maande gevangenisstraf wat vir vyf jaar opgeskort is onderhewig aan sekere voorwaardes.

3. Die landdros versoek nou dat skuldigbevinding en vonnis op spesiale hersiening ter syde gestel word.

4. Ek is dit eens met die landdros dat hierdie die enigste bevel is wat gemaak kan word onder die omstandighede.

5. Indien die beskuldigde aangekla was van huisbraak met die opset om ‘n aan die aanklaer onbekende misdryf te pleeg en sy skuldig pleit die opset om te steel bewys het, sou hy skuldig bevind kon word aan die bewese misdryf in terme van artikel 262(2) van die Strafposeswet 51 van 1977. Sien onder andere S v Kesolofetse and another 2004(2) SACR 166(NCD).

6. Artikel 262(3) van die Wet is egter van toepassing op die huidige onvoltooide misdryf, poging tot huisbraak met die opset om ‘n aan die aanklaer onbekende misdryf te pleeg en hierdie subartikel maak nie voorsiening vir ‘n skuldigbevinding ten opsigte van enige ander bewese opset nie behalwe opsetlike saakbeskadiging.

7. Artikel 262(3) lees as volg:

“Indien die getuienis op ‘n aanklag weens poging tot huisbraak met die opset om ‘n in die aanklag vermelde misdryf te pleeg, of poging tot huisbraak met die opset om ‘n aan die aanklaer onbekende misdryf te pleeg, hetsy die aanklag ingevolge ‘n wet of die gemene reg gestel word, nie die misdryf poging tot huisbraak met die opset om die aldus vermelde misdryf te pleeg, of poging tot huisbraak met die opset om ‘n aan die aanklaer onbekende misdryf te pleeg, bewys nie, maar die misdryf opsetlike saakbeskadiging, kan die beskuldigde aan die aldus bewese misdryf skuldig bevind word.”

8. Behalwe dat die beskuldigde in sy skuldigpleit meld dat hy buite gestaan het terwyl “een van my vriende ingebreek het”, is daar geen getuienis dat daar enige skade aan die klaer se eiendom aangerig is nie. Snyman in sy boek Strafreg, vierde uitgawe bl. 552 omskryf die begrip “beskadiging” in die konteks van die misdryf opsetlike saakbeskadiging as “ . . .as daar op so ‘n manier met die saak gepeuter is dat dit die eienaar geld, arbeid of moeite sal kos om dit weer te herstel tot sy oorspronklike vorm.”

In die afwesigheid van enige sodanige getuienis word die volgende bevel gemaak.

Die skuldigbevinding en vonnis word tersyde gestel.

______

C.C

WILLIAMS

REGTER

Ek stem saam.

C.J MUSI

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Authorities

Authorities used by the court

Cases, legislation, regulations, and constitutional provisions identified in the available record.

S v Kesolofetse and another 2004(2) SACR 166 (NCD)

Case cited

Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

Case-aware research

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