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South Africa Judgment

North Gauteng High Court, Pretoria

Sayed NO v Road Accident Fund (25897/17) [2019] ZAGPPHC 49 (6 March 2019)

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Source document

01

Holding and result

The court found that the defendant, by failing to file expert reports and not contesting the plaintiff's evidence, effectively conceded the existence of general damages. The expert medical evidence established permanent and significant brain and cognitive impairment, neurogenic bladder, and a whole person impairment of 34%. The quantum of R1 million for general damages is consistent with previous case law for similar injuries. The creation of a trust is appropriate to safeguard Mr Brower's interests and ensure proper management of the awarded funds. The contingency fee arrangement for the plaintiff's legal representatives is also approved.

Court disposition

General damages awarded to the plaintiff; trust to be created for the benefit of Mr Brower; contingency fee arrangement approved.

Orders

  • The defendant is ordered to pay R1,000,000 to the plaintiff as general damages.
  • A trust shall be created for the benefit of Mr Brower to manage the awarded funds.
  • The contingency fee arrangement for the plaintiff's legal representatives is approved.
  • The defendant shall provide an undertaking in terms of section 17(4) of the RAF Act for future medical expenses.
  • The defendant shall pay the agreed amount for loss of earning and earning capacity.

02

Material facts

Parties

Adv S Sayed NO (Curator ad litem of CJ Brower)

Plaintiff Counsel: Adv Dredge

Road Accident Fund

Defendant Counsel: Adv Soni

Amounts and remedies

  • General Damages Awarded: ZAR 1,000,000
  • Loss of Earning and Earning Capacity: ZAR 1,244,772.6

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Civil Trial / Quantum Determination of General Damages

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
The plaintiff argued that the defendant has conceded the existence of general damages through pre-trial minutes and lack of expert reports. Expert evidence demonstrates significant, permanent brain and cognitive impairment, neurogenic bladder, and a whole person impairment of 34%. Previous case law supports a general damages award of R1 million for similar injuries. The creation of a trust is in Mr Brower's best interests, given his retained cognitive abilities and the need for structured financial management.
Respondent
The defendant's counsel stated he had no instructions regarding general damages and had not filed any expert reports. He did not dispute the quantum suggested by the plaintiff nor the appropriateness of the trust arrangement.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    Magaqana v Road Accident Fund

    Where a party fails to exercise reserved rights within the agreed period, those rights are deemed waived.

  2. 02

    RAF Act 56 of 1996; previous case law

    General damages for serious brain injury must be assessed with reference to expert medical evidence and comparable case law.

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The court found that the defendant, by failing to file expert reports and not contesting the plaintiff's evidence, effectively conceded the existence of general damages. The expert medical evidence established permanent and significant brain and cognitive impairment, neurogenic bladder, and a whole person impairment of 34%. The quantum of R1 million for general damages is consistent with previous case law for similar injuries. The creation of a trust is appropriate to safeguard Mr Brower's interests and ensure proper management of the awarded funds. The contingency fee arrangement for the plaintiff's legal representatives is also approved.

Obiter and limits

  • The reservation-of-rights clause has limited effect if not exercised within the agreed period.
  • A trust structure can be beneficial for claimants with cognitive impairment to manage their compensation.

Court disposition

General damages awarded to the plaintiff; trust to be created for the benefit of Mr Brower; contingency fee arrangement approved.

  • The defendant is ordered to pay R1,000,000 to the plaintiff as general damages.
  • A trust shall be created for the benefit of Mr Brower to manage the awarded funds.
  • The contingency fee arrangement for the plaintiff's legal representatives is approved.
  • The defendant shall provide an undertaking in terms of section 17(4) of the RAF Act for future medical expenses.
  • The defendant shall pay the agreed amount for loss of earning and earning capacity.

Source and reliance status

North Gauteng High Court, Pretoria

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Judgment text

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Source document

North Gauteng High Court, Pretoria

Judgment

[2019] ZAGPPHC 49

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

IN THE IDGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA

GAUTENG DIVISION, PRETORIA

(1)

NOT

REPORTABLE

(2)

NOT OF

INTEREST TO OTHER JUDGES

(3) REVISED.

CASE NO: 25897/17

6/3/2019

In the matter between:

ADV S SAYED NO.

(CURATOR AD LITEM OF CJ BROWER)

Plaintiff

and

ROAD

ACCIDENT FUND

Defendant

JUDGMENT

SKOSANA AJ

[1] The plaintiff herein sues the defendant for damages arising from injuries sustained in a motor collision. The plaintiff was represented by Adv Dredge and the defendant by Adv Soni. Both counsel informed me that the claim has been settled in respect of the merits, the future medical expenses by way of undertaking in terms of section 17(4) of the RAF Act 56 of 1996 and loss of earning and earning capacity at R1 244 772-60.

[2] The only remaining aspect on which I am called upon to decide is in relation to the proof of the existence of general damages and the quantum thereof.

[3] It was indicated from onset that defendant's counsel has not been favoured with instructions in regard to this head of damages nor has defendant filed any expert reports in that regard.

[4] On the other hand, Mr Dredge, before taking me through various expert reports, referred me to two pre-trial minutes on the basis of which he contended that the defendant has conceded or must be regarded as having conceded to the existence of general damages to Mr Brower. In addition, he referred me to the judgment of Makgoka J in the matter of Magaqana against the present defendant in relation to the limited effect of the reservation-of-rights clause, especially where such rights have not been exercised during the agreed period. I accept that approach.

[5] I am not going to set out the details of the excerpts of the plaintiff's expert opinions that Mr Dredge took me through. Suffice

to state that all such expert opinions point to significant brain and cognitive impact that the accident had on Mr Brower's well-being,

which was permanent in effect.

[6] To mention some of the conclusions reached by these experts, I refer to the following:

[6.1] The Neurologist, Dr Smuts who found that Mr Brower sustained concussive head injury with associated moderate to severe diffuse axonal brain injury;

[6.2] The Special Neuro Surgeon, Dr Moja, who concurred with Dr Smuts;

[6.3] The Psychiatrist, Dr Fine, who found that Mr Brower sustained a head injury with significant organic brain damage;

[6.4] The Counselling Psychologist, Dr Jonker, who concluded that Mr Brower suffered from neuro-cognitive impairment leading to long-term cognitive changes.

[6.5] The Urologist, Dr Van Heerden who established that Mr Brower suffered from neurogenic bladder which resulted from the head injury and which makes it difficult for Mr Brower to hold urine;

[6.6] Dr Fredericks, who assessed Mr Brower's impairment and found that his whole person impairment measured at 34%.

[7] In his heads of argument, Mr Dredge persuaded me that a figure of R1 million is not out of kilter with the guideline provided by previous case law in respect of similar injuries. Mr Soni stated that he was not able to differ with this submission.

[8] The curator ad litem, Adv Sayed also submitted that the creation of a trust will better serve Mr Brower who has still retained some

cognitive abilities to utilize funds as long as they were not huge amounts. The trust will be able to provide funds to him in the form of monthly emoluments. She was also agreeable with the contingency fee arrangement in respect of the plaintiff's legal representatives.

[9] In the result, I am satisfied that an order as contained in the draft order which I mark " X" , is just and appropriate in the present case. Consequently, I make an order accordingly.

DT

SKOSANA

Acting Judge of the High Court

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Authorities

Authorities used by the court

Cases, legislation, regulations, and constitutional provisions identified in the available record.

Magaqana v Road Accident Fund

Case cited

RAF Act 56 of 1996

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

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