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South Africa Judgment

Northern Cape High Court, Kimberley

Seekoei en Die Staat (CA&R22/2015) [2015] ZANCHC 31 (31 July 2015)

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01

Holding and result

The appellate court found that the trial court overemphasized the prevalence of the offence and failed to give sufficient weight to the appellant's personal circumstances, resulting in a sentence that was unduly harsh and one that no reasonable court would have imposed. The appellant had no prior convictions for violent crimes, had never served direct imprisonment, and had significant personal responsibilities. The court held that these mitigating factors warranted a reduction in sentence. Accordingly, the appellate court was justified in interfering with the sentence and substituting it with a lesser term of imprisonment.

Court disposition

Appeal against sentence succeeds. The sentence imposed by the trial court is set aside and replaced with 18 months' imprisonment, backdated to 12 March 2014.

Orders

  • The appeal against sentence succeeds.
  • The sentence of the Magistrate's Court under case number Gal 173/2014 is set aside and replaced with 18 months' imprisonment.
  • In terms of section 282 of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977, the sentence of 18 months' imprisonment is backdated to 12 March 2014.

02

Material facts

Parties

David Seekoei

Appellant Counsel: Adv. P.J. Fourie

Die Staat

Respondent Counsel: Adv. Kgatwe

Amounts and remedies

  • Appellant's Monthly Income: ZAR 9,000
  • Sentence Imposed (months): 18

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Criminal Appeal / Appeal Against Sentence

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
Counsel for the appellant argued that the sentence of 2½ years' imprisonment was shockingly inappropriate considering the appellant's favourable personal circumstances and the specific facts of the case. The appellant was 36 years old, had no prior convictions for violent crimes, had never previously served direct imprisonment, earned R9,000.00 per month as a builder, and supported five dependants. It was submitted that these factors warranted a lesser sentence and justified appellate interference.
Respondent
Initially, the respondent argued that the trial court had not erred and that the sentence was not shockingly inappropriate, thus there were no grounds for appellate interference. However, during oral argument, counsel for the respondent conceded that the sentence was severe and could be considered shockingly inappropriate, making interference by the appellate court justified.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    S v Salzwedel and Others 1999(2) SACR 586 (HHA) at 591g-h

    An appellate court may only interfere with a sentence if it is shockingly inappropriate, disproportionate to the offence, or if the trial court misdirected itself and exercised its discretion unreasonably.

  2. 02

    S v Matoma 1981(3) SA 838 (A) at 842H – 843A

    While the prevalence of a particular crime and the interests of the community are important in sentencing, the personal circumstances of the accused must not be disregarded to the extent that they are negated.

  3. 03

    S v Sibeko 1995(1) SASV 186 (A) at 193i – 194a

    Sentencing must balance deterrence, retribution, and removal of the offender from society with consideration of the offender's personal circumstances.

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The appellate court found that the trial court overemphasized the prevalence of the offence and failed to give sufficient weight to the appellant's personal circumstances, resulting in a sentence that was unduly harsh and one that no reasonable court would have imposed. The appellant had no prior convictions for violent crimes, had never served direct imprisonment, and had significant personal responsibilities. The court held that these mitigating factors warranted a reduction in sentence. Accordingly, the appellate court was justified in interfering with the sentence and substituting it with a lesser term of imprisonment.

Obiter and limits

  • Crimes against women are prevalent in this division and must be addressed seriously, but sentencing must remain individualized and proportionate.
  • The gradual and justified increase in sentences for certain crimes should not result in the automatic negation of the accused's personal circumstances.

Court disposition

Appeal against sentence succeeds. The sentence imposed by the trial court is set aside and replaced with 18 months' imprisonment, backdated to 12 March 2014.

  • The appeal against sentence succeeds.
  • The sentence of the Magistrate's Court under case number Gal 173/2014 is set aside and replaced with 18 months' imprisonment.
  • In terms of section 282 of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977, the sentence of 18 months' imprisonment is backdated to 12 March 2014.

Source and reliance status

Northern Cape High Court, Kimberley

This page organises the available record for research. Confirm quotations, current status, and subsequent treatment against the official source before relying on the case.

Judgment reading view

Judgment text

The complete available source text.

Source document

Northern Cape High Court, Kimberley

Judgment

[2015] ZANCHC 31

IN DIE HOë HOF VAN SUID-AFRIKA

(Noord-Kaapse Afdeling, Kimberley)

Saakno: / Case number: CA & R 22/2015

Datum verhoor: / Date heard: 27 / 07 / 2015

Datum gelewer: / Date delivered: 31 / 07 / 2015

In die appèl van:

DAVID

SEEKOEI

Appellant

en

DIE

STAAT

Respondent

Coram: Lever WnR et Erasmus WnR

UITSPRAAK OP APPÈL

[1] Hierdie is ʼn appèl teen die vonnis van 2½ jaar gevangenisstraf wat die appellant opgelê is in die Landdroshof te Galeshewe op ‘n aanklag van aanranding met die opset om ernstig te beseer. Die Appellant het aanvanklik tereggestaan op drie aanklagte, waaronder ook crimen iniuria en opsetlike saakbeskadiging.

[2] Hy het tydens die verhoor onskuldig gepleit. Hy is onskuldig bevind op hierdie twee aanklagte. Sy aansoek om verlof om te appelleer teen die skuldigbevinding aan die aanklag van aanranding met die opset om ernstig te beseer en die vonnis wat hom opgelê is, is van die hand gewys. Verlof om teen die vonnis te appelleer is later op petisie aan die appellant toegestaan.

[3] Wat die persoonlike omstandighede van die appellant betref, is dit gemene saak dat hy 36 jaar oud was ten tye van die voorval. Alhoewel hy twee vorige veroordelings het, is hy nog nooit voorheen skuldig bevind aan ‘n geweldsmisdaad nie en ook nog nooit gevonnis tot direkte gevangenisstraf nie. Hy het nie enige formele opleiding gehad nie, maar het bouwerk verrig en daarmee ‘n inkomste van R9,000.00 per maand verdien. Hy het vyf afhanklikes.

[4] Die appellant het die klaagster met ‘n gebreekte bottel gesteek en haar, toe sy die hou afgeweer het, op haar hand gesteek. Hy het ook terwyl sy van hom af weggehardloop het haar met ‘n klip teen haar hoof gegooi. Sy het oop wonde opgedoen wat geheg moes word. Die klaagster was ongewapen.

[5] Vanweë die erns van die misdryf en die algemene voorkoms van hierdie misdryf in hierdie Afdeling, asook die afwesigheid van berou aan die kant van die appellant, het die Verhoorhof bevind dat direkte gevangenisstraf die enigste gepaste straf is, ondanks die gunstige persoonlike omstandighede van die appellant.

[6] Daar is namens die appellant aangevoer dat die vonnis wat die appellant opgelê is skokkend onvanpas is, gegewe die appellant se gunstige persoonlike omstandighede en die spesifieke feite van hierdie saak en dat hierdie Hof dus geregtig is om in te meng met die vonnis.

[7] Daar is aanvanklik, in die betoogshoofde namens die respondent, aangevoer dat die Verhoorhof geen mistastings begaan het nie en dat die vonnis nie skokkend onvanpas is nie. Gevolglik bestaan daar geen gronde vir die hof van appèl om met die opgelegde vonnis in te meng nie. Mnr. Kgatwe, namens die respondent het egter tydens betoog toegegee dat die vonnis swaar is en dat bevind kan word dat dit skokkend onvanpas is en dat inmenging dus geregverdigd sal wees.

[8] Dit is geykte reg dat ‘n hof van appèl nie ligtelik mag inmeng met ʼn vonnis van ‘n ander hof nie. Daar mag slegs ingemeng word indien die opgelegde vonnis skokkend onvanpas is, buite verhouding is tot die oortreding waaraan die appellant skuldig bevind is of as die verhoorhof misgetas het en daar gevolglik bevind kan word dat die verhoorhof sy diskresie op ‘n onredelike wyse uitgeoefen het.[1]

[9] Die misdaad waaraan die appellant skuldig bevind is, is ‘n baie ernstige misdryf en misdrywe teenoor vrouens kom gereeld voor, nie net elders in ons land nie, maar spesifiek ook in hierdie afdeling.[2] Daar moet egter gevolg gegee word daaraan dat ‘n beskuldigde se persoonlike omstandighede nie genegeer moet word ten koste van die belange van die gemeenskap nie, soos wat Jansen AR opgemerk het in S v Matoma[3]:

“Die geleidelike en geregverdigde verswaring van strawwe om die vermeerderende voorkoms van 'n bepaalde misdaad met afskrikking,

retribusie en verwydering van die oortreder uit die gemeenskap in die belang van die gemeenskap te bekamp, moet by straftoemeting nie lei tot 'n noodwendige negering van 'n besondere beskuldigde se eie persoonlike omstandighede wat moontlik tot strafvermindering kan lei nie. Elke geval moet nog steeds in die lig van die beskuldigde se persoon en besondere omstandighede opgeweeg word.”

[10] Ek is van oordeel dat die Verhoorhof die algemene voorkoms van die misdryf oorbeklemtoon het ten koste van die persoonlike omstandighede van die appellant en dat die vonnis so swaar is dat geen redelike hof dit sou opgelê het nie. Gevolglik is hierdie Hof geregtig om in te meng met die opgelegde vonnis.

[12] Ná oorweging van die feite van hierdie saak, die persoonlike omstandighede van die appellant, asook die betoë van die regsverteenwoordigers is ek van oordeel dat ‘n vonnis van 18 maande gevangenisstraf in die omstandighede gepas is. Die appellant is in aanhouding sedert sy vonnisoplegging op 12 Maart 2014 en het dus reeds ‘n gedeelte van die vonnis van gevangenisstraf wat by skuldigbevinding opgelê is uitgedien. Dit is gevolglik gepas om die vonnis wat ek voornemens is om nou op te lê terug te dateer tot hierdie datum.

[13] Ek maak die volgende bevel:

1 DIE APPÈL TEEN DIE VONNIS SLAAG.

2 DIE VONNIS VAN DIE LANDDROS GALESHEWE ONDER SAAKNOMMER Gal 173/2014

WORD TERSYDE GESTEL EN VERVANG MET DIE VOLGENDE:

‘DIE BESKULDIGDE WORD GEVONNIS TOT MAANDE GEVANGENISSTRAF.’

3 IN TERME VAN DIE BEPALINGS VAN ARTIKEL 282 VAN DIE STRAFPROSESWET, NO. 51 VAN 1977, WORD DIE VONNIS VAN 18 MAANDE GEVANGENISSTRAF WAT DIE APPELLANT NOU OPGELê IS TERUGDATEER TOT 12 MAART 2014.

_____

SL ERASMUS, WnR

Ek stem saam.

L LEVER, WnR

Vir die Appellant: Adv. P.J. Fourie (iov Regshulpraad)

Vir die Respondent: Adv. Kgatwe (iov DOV)

[1] S v Salzwedel and Others 1999(2) SACR 586 (HHA) op 591g-h

[2] DPP v Thabete 2011(2) SASV 567 (SCA) op 577 par [22]

[3] 1981(3) SA 838 (A) op 842H – 843A; Sien ook S v Sibeko 1995(1) SASV 186 (A) op 193i – 194a

Source wording is retained. Consult the source document for its original formatting and pagination.

Authorities

Authorities used by the court

Cases, legislation, regulations, and constitutional provisions identified in the available record.

S v Salzwedel and Others 1999(2) SACR 586 (HHA)

Case cited

DPP v Thabete 2011(2) SASV 567 (SCA)

Case cited

S v Matoma 1981(3) SA 838 (A)

Case cited

S v Sibeko 1995(1) SASV 186 (A)

Case cited

Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

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