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South Africa Judgment

North Gauteng High Court, Pretoria

Trustees of the N Georgiou Trust and Another; Poole v Saffy N.O (2566/2021) [2024] ZAGPPHC 282 (18 March 2024)

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Source document

01

Holding and result

The court found that the trustees of the N Georgiou Trust did not have the required standing or capacity to intervene in the sequestration proceedings. The trust deed, including clause 5, did not confer sufficient rights to justify intervention. The adoption of the Business Rescue Plan by the majority of creditors did not create a legal basis for the trustees' intervention. The evidence did not support postponement of the provisional sequestration order or joinder of the trustees as respondents. There was no reasonable prospect of success on appeal, nor was there any uncertainty or conflicting judgments regarding the interpretation of sections 152(4) and 154(2) of the Companies Act 2008 that would justify granting leave to appeal.

Court disposition

Application for leave to appeal refused with costs.

Orders

  • The application for leave to appeal is refused.
  • The applicants are ordered to pay the costs of the application.

02

Material facts

Parties

Trustees of the N Georgiou Trust

Applicant Counsel: Adv R Du Plessis SC

Sydney Clarence William Poole

Applicant

Luke Bernard Saffy N.O.

Respondent Counsel: Adv L Bolt

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Leave to Appeal / Application for Leave to Appeal Following Dismissal of Intervention and Postponement Applications in Sequestration Proceedings

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
The trustees argue that they possess a real and substantive interest in the sequestration proceedings, granting them legal standing to intervene. They contend that the trust deed, especially clause 5, provides them with the necessary capacity to participate. Furthermore, they assert that the adoption of the Business Rescue Plan by the majority of creditors creates legal consequences entitling them to intervene. They submit that the provisional sequestration order should have been postponed and the trustees joined as respondents to allow their rights to be considered. They also argue that uncertainty in the interpretation of section 152(4) of the Companies Act 2008 warrants leave to appeal.
Respondent
The respondent maintains that the trustees lack the required standing and capacity to intervene in the sequestration proceedings. He argues that the evidence does not justify postponement or joinder of the trustees as respondents. The respondent submits that there are no conflicting judgments or compelling reasons to grant leave to appeal, and that the application should be refused.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    Hunter v Financial Services Board 2017 JBR 0941 (GP)

    Leave to appeal is granted only if there are reasonable prospects of success or compelling reasons, such as conflicting judgments or uncertainty in the law.

  2. 02

    Hunter v Financial Services Board 2017 JBR 0941 (GP)

    Standing to intervene requires a real and substantive interest in the litigation and a legal right to participate.

  3. 03

    Hunter v Financial Services Board 2017 JBR 0941 (GP)

    Interpretation of trust deeds must be contextual and purposeful, considering the specific provisions relevant to the trustees' powers.

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The court found that the trustees of the N Georgiou Trust did not have the required standing or capacity to intervene in the sequestration proceedings. The trust deed, including clause 5, did not confer sufficient rights to justify intervention. The adoption of the Business Rescue Plan by the majority of creditors did not create a legal basis for the trustees' intervention. The evidence did not support postponement of the provisional sequestration order or joinder of the trustees as respondents. There was no reasonable prospect of success on appeal, nor was there any uncertainty or conflicting judgments regarding the interpretation of sections 152(4) and 154(2) of the Companies Act 2008 that would justify granting leave to appeal.

Obiter and limits

  • The court noted that applications for leave to appeal must be grounded in reasonable prospects of success or compelling legal uncertainty.
  • The judgment highlighted that the contextual interpretation of trust deeds is essential but must be supported by substantive evidence.

Court disposition

Application for leave to appeal refused with costs.

  • The application for leave to appeal is refused.
  • The applicants are ordered to pay the costs of the application.

Source and reliance status

North Gauteng High Court, Pretoria

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Judgment text

The complete available source text.

Source document

North Gauteng High Court, Pretoria

Judgment

[2024] ZAGPPHC 282

IN THE HIGH COURT OF

SOUTH AFRICA

(GAUTENG DIVISION, PRETORIA)

Case No: 2566/2021

(1) REPORTABLE: NO

(2) OF INTEREST TO OTHER JUDGES: NO

(3) REVISED.

DATE: 18 March 2024

SIGNATURE

In the matter between:

THE

TRUSTEES OF THE N GEORGIOU TRUST

Applicant for

leave to appeal

In re the intervention application of:

THE TRUSTEES OF THE N

GEORGIOU TRUST

Intervening Party

In re the matter between:

SYDNEY

CLARENCE WILLIAM

POOLE

Applicant

and

LUKE

BERNARD SAFFY N.O.

Respondent

JUDGMENT

HF JACOBS, AJ:

[1] On 5 February 2024 I dismissed the application to intervene as respondents brought by the trustees of the N Georgiou Trust in the

sequestration proceedings of the estate of late Mr Georgiou and granted the provisional sequestration order returnable 29 April

2024. This is an application for leave to appeal against the dismissal of the application to intervene and dismissal of the

application for postponement of the sequestration proceedings. The law applicable to applications for leave to appeal are recorded in Hunter[1] and I do restate the applicable principles here.

[2] Leave to appeal is sought on the basis that the appeal would have reasonable prospects of success on three grounds namely:

(1) That another court may find that the trustees of the trust have the required standing in law that amounts to a real and substantive interest in the litigation and, therefore, a “legal right” to apply and be allowed to intervene in the sequestration proceedings as respondents;

(2) That the two trustees have the capacity to intervene in the sequestration proceedings on a proper, contextual and purposeful interpretation of the trust deed, especially mindful of the content of clause 5 thereof; and

(3) That the trustees have the right to intervene by reason of the legal consequences of the adopted Business Rescue Plan by the substantial majority of the body of creditors of the company mentioned in the main judgment.

[3] The trustees contend for a finding on the facts of the case that a provisional order for sequestration should not have been issued but that the proceedings should have been postponed and the trustees joined as respondents to have their rights considered later. In my opinion, for reasons recorded in the main judgment, the evidence does not justify such relief and that no prospect of success exists on appeal in this connection.

[4] Cumulatively to the above grounds of appeal leave to appeal is also sought in terms of sub-section 17(1)(a)(ii) of Act 10 of 2014 on the basis that doubt about the contextual interpretation of sub-section 152(4) of the Companies Act of 2008 exist and uncertainty prevails about its application to the facts of the present matter that require that leave to appeal should be granted to the Supreme Court of Appeal to resolve the mischief.

[5] I am not of the opinion that appeal would have reasonable prospects of success or that there exist conflicting judgments on the application of sub-section 154(2) of the Companies Act of 2008 or that there exist any other compelling reason why leave to appeal should be granted.

[6] The application for leave to appeal is refused with costs.

H

F JACOBS

ACTING Judge of the High Court

GAUTENG DIVISION,

PRETORIA

Delivered: This judgment was handed down electronically by circulation to the parties’ legal representatives by e-mail. The date and time for hand-down is deemed to be 14h00 on the 18th March 2024.

APPEARANCES

Applicant’s counsel: Adv R Du Plessis SC Applicant’s attorneys: Mr Stefan Redelinghuys Respondent's counsel: Adv L Bolt Respondent’s attorneys: Le Grange Attorneys

[1] Hunter v Financial Services Board 2017 JBR 0941 (GP)

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Authorities

Authorities used by the court

Cases, legislation, regulations, and constitutional provisions identified in the available record.

Hunter v Financial Services Board 2017 JBR 0941 (GP)

Case cited

Companies Act 71 of 2008

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

Superior Courts Act 10 of 2013

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

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