S v S 'n ander; In re: S v S (347/2015) [2016] ZAFSHC 1 (20 January 2016)
- Citation
- [2016] ZAFSHC 1
- Status
- Judgment
- Jurisdiction
- South Africa
- Court
- Free State High Court, Bloemfontein
- Panel
- Reinders, R
- Case number
- 347/2015
More details
- Court
- Free State High Court, Bloemfontein
- Panel
- Reinders, R
- Case number
- 347/2015
On this page
Professional case brief
Research organized from the available case record
01
Holding and result
The court found that the company DJ S. Boerdery (Edms) Bpk has a direct and substantial interest in the outcome of the dispute, particularly if the Gottenburg property is found to be a partnership asset. Refusing joinder could result in injustice, as the company would not be bound by any order regarding the property if not a party. The court exercised its discretion to grant joinder, noting that any issues with the pleadings could be addressed by allowing amendments and that the company would retain the right to raise exceptions. The interest of the trust as shareholder was found insufficient to warrant its joinder, as the company is a separate legal entity.
Court disposition
Joinder of the company as a party to the counterclaim granted; applicant permitted to amend pleadings; costs to be costs in the cause.
Orders
- The Second Respondent is joined as the Second Defendant in the counterclaim in case number 347/2015.
- The applicant (defendant in the main action) must amend and deliver the counterclaim in accordance with the Notice of Intended Amendment within 5 days of this order.
- The Second Respondent is granted 21 calendar days to deliver a Notice of Intention to Defend.
- Exchange of further pleadings and notices to proceed in accordance with the Court Rules.
- The costs of this application are costs in the cause.
02
Material facts
Parties
A. E. S.
Applicant Counsel: Adv PJJ ZietsmanD. J. S.
Respondent Counsel: Adv N Snellenburg SCDJ S. Boerdery (Edms) Bpk
Respondent03
Procedural history
Posture
Civil Application / Joinder Application Prior to Trial
04
Questions and positions
Legal issues
- 01
Whether the company DJ S. Boerdery (Edms) Bpk should be joined as a party to the main action.
- 02
Whether the company has a direct and substantial interest in the outcome of the dispute regarding the alleged partnership and the Gottenburg property.
- 03
Whether the applicant should be permitted to amend her counterclaim after joinder.
Party arguments
- Applicant
- The applicant, who is the defendant in the main action, contends that she and the plaintiff entered into two partnerships after marriage, one of which allegedly included the Gottenburg property. She argues that the company, which holds title to the property, has a direct and substantial interest in the dispute and must be joined as a party to the counterclaim. She submits that her case at least prima facie justifies joinder, given the nature of the partnership allegations and the company's involvement.
- Respondent
- The respondents, represented by Adv Snellenburg, argue that joinder is a matter of judicial discretion and should not be granted if the pleadings are excipiable. They contend that if the company is joined and successfully raises an exception, the applicant should be allowed to amend her pleadings. They further argue that the shareholder of the company, a trust, does not have a sufficient interest to warrant joinder, as the company has its own legal personality independent of its shareholders.
05
Court’s reasoning
Legal principles
- 01
Harding v Basson and Another 1995 (4) SA 499 (C) at 501 I-J
A party should be joined if it has a direct and substantial interest in the subject matter of the dispute, to avoid multiplicity of actions and wasted costs.
- 02
In re: BOE Trust Ltd and Others NNO 2013 (3) SA 236 (HHA) at 241H-242A
The test for joinder is whether the party sought to be joined has a direct and substantial interest in the issues.
- 03
Sun Packaging (Pty) Ltd v Vreulink [1996] ZASCA 73; 1996 (4) SA 176 (A) at 183E
Where pleadings are excipiable, joinder should not be granted, but if joined, the party may raise an exception and the applicant may amend pleadings.
- 04
Cussons en Andere v Kroon 2001 (4) SA 833 (HHA)
A company has its own legal personality independent of its shareholders.
06
Ratio, limits and disposition
Ratio decidendi
The court found that the company DJ S. Boerdery (Edms) Bpk has a direct and substantial interest in the outcome of the dispute, particularly if the Gottenburg property is found to be a partnership asset. Refusing joinder could result in injustice, as the company would not be bound by any order regarding the property if not a party. The court exercised its discretion to grant joinder, noting that any issues with the pleadings could be addressed by allowing amendments and that the company would retain the right to raise exceptions. The interest of the trust as shareholder was found insufficient to warrant its joinder, as the company is a separate legal entity.
Obiter and limits
- The applicant did not have the luxury of joining all necessary parties from the outset and was compelled to approach the court for joinder.
- The respondent's opposition was not unreasonable given the history of the matter.
- If the pleadings are excipiable, the company may raise an exception and the applicant may amend her pleadings accordingly.
Court disposition
Joinder of the company as a party to the counterclaim granted; applicant permitted to amend pleadings; costs to be costs in the cause.
- The Second Respondent is joined as the Second Defendant in the counterclaim in case number 347/2015.
- The applicant (defendant in the main action) must amend and deliver the counterclaim in accordance with the Notice of Intended Amendment within 5 days of this order.
- The Second Respondent is granted 21 calendar days to deliver a Notice of Intention to Defend.
- Exchange of further pleadings and notices to proceed in accordance with the Court Rules.
- The costs of this application are costs in the cause.
Source and reliance status
Free State High Court, Bloemfontein
This page organises the available record for research. Confirm quotations, current status, and subsequent treatment against the official source before relying on the case.
Judgment reading view
Judgment text
The complete available source text.
Free State High Court, Bloemfontein
Judgment
SAFLII Note: Certain personal/private details of parties or witnesses have been redacted from this document in compliance with the law and SAFLII Policy
IN DIE HOË HOF VAN SUID-AFRIKA
VRYSTAATSE AFDELING, BLOEMFONTEIN
Saaknr 347/2015
In die aansoek tussen:-
A. E. S.
Applikante
en
D. J. S.
Eerste Respondent
DJ S. BOERDERY (EDMS)
BPK
Tweede Respondent
In re:
D. J. S.
Eiser
A. E. S.
Verweerderes
CORAM:
Reinders,
R
AANGEHOOR OP: 10 Desember 2015
GELEWER OP: 20 Januarie 2016
[1] Die harmonie wat waarskynlik in gelukkiger tye tussen die S.-egpaar geheers het blyk iets van die verlede te wees. Die Applikante in hierdie aansoek is die Verweerderes in die hoofaksie en die Eerste Respondent is die Eiser in die hoofaksie. Die dispuut is of die Tweede Respondent hierin gevoeg behoort te word in die hoofaksie.
[2] Dit is gerieflik om na die partye te verwys soos in die hoofaksie. Daarin het Mnr S. ‘n aksie ingestel teen die Verweerderes vir ‘n bevel van egskeiding met gepaardgaande regshulp. Mev S. verweer haarself hierteen en in ‘n teeneis beweer sy dat daar twee vennootskappe ná huweliksluiting gesluit is. Sy beweer onder andere dat sy en die Eiser ‘n vennootskap, die sogenaamde Gottenburg Vennootskap, gesluit het. Dis gemene saak dat die plaas Gottenburg geregistreer is in die naam van die DJ S. Boerdery (Edms) Bpk (hierna “die maatskappy” genoem). Die Verweerderes voer aan dat, in die lig van die beweerde vennootskapsooreenkoms, die maatskappy ‘n wesenlike belang het by die uitkoms van die dispuut en gevolglik as Tweede Verweerder gevoeg moet word in haar teeneis in die hoofaksie.
[3] Die toets by ‘n voegingsaansoek is of die party wat uit noodsaak of gerief gevoeg moet word beskik oor ‘n regstreekse
en wesenlike belang by die geskilpunte.
Sien: In re: BOE Trust Ltd and Others NNO 2013 (3) SA 236 (HHA) te 241H-242 A.
[4] Op sigwaarde is dit duidelik dat indien die Gottenburg eiendom deel van die vennootskapsbates sou vorm (vir watter rede ookal en welke ek nie tans hoef te bereg nie) die maatskappy ‘n wesenlike belang het by die uitslag van die aksie. Mnr Zietsman namens die Verweerderes het argumenteer dat die Verweerderes minstens prima facie ‘n saak uitmaak dat die maatskappy gevoeg behoort te word in die lig daarvan dat die Eiser met sy kennis van die beweerde vennootskap, die Gottenburg plaas as bate gaan aankoop het.
[5] Mnr Snellenburg namens die Eiser en die party staan gevoeg te word (onderskeidelik die Eerste en die Tweede Respondente) wys tereg daarop dat ‘n beslissing om te voeg die uitoefening van ‘n judisiële diskresie behels. In hierdie verband is ek verwys na Harding v Basson and Another 1995 (4) SA 499 (C) te 501 I-J:
“ A Supreme Court will exercise its discretion to order the joinder of a party, inter alia, to ensure that all persons interested in the subject matter of the dispute… and whose rights may be affected by the judgment of the Court are before it to avoid a multiciplicity of actions and to avoid a waste of costs”
[6] Na my oordeel kan die weiering om aan die Verweerderes se versoek gehoor te gee later tot groot onreg lei. In beginsel is dit
realisties moontlik dat die Verweerderes later in die hoofaksie ‘n vennootskap bewys waarby die Gottenburg eiendom ingesluit is. Indien dít sou gebeur terwyl die maatskappy nie ‘n party tot die verrigtinge is nie, sal geen bevel daaromtrent deur die verhoorhof sinvol gemaak kan word nie. Uiteraard kan die maatskappy dan nie meer as ‘n party gevoeg word nie.
[7] Mnr Snellenburg wys voorts daarop dat waar die pleitstuk eksepieerbaar is die voeging nie toegestaan moet word nie.
Sien: Sun Packaging (Pty)Ltd v Vreulink [1996] ZASCA 73; 1996 (4) SA 176 (A) te 183E.
Indien die maatskappy egter ná voeging daarop sou steun dat die pleitstuk geen skuldoorsaak openbaar nie, sal die hof aan die Verweerderes (in geval die eksepsie gehandhaaf sou word) die geleentheid bied om haar pleitstuk weereens te wysig. Die maatskappy
sal dus nie die reg ontneem word om ‘n eksepsie tot die einde te volvoer nie. In geval ek die aansoek om voeging vir hierdie rede sou weier, sal dit benewens die nadeel hierinvantevore na vewys, waarskynlik net ‘n nuwe aansoek om voeging op verbeterde gronde tot gevolg hê. Immers sou dit ook die Verweerderes vry staan om daarop te steun (in soverre sy dit nie reeds doen nie en maak ek geen bevinding hieromtrent nie) dat die maatskappy bloot die vennootskapsbate as genomineerde hou.
Vergelyk: Cussons en Andere v Kroon 2001 (4) SA 833 (HHA).
[8] Dis ook in argument aan my voorgehou dat die aandeelhouer van die maatskappy wat ‘n trust is, ‘n wesenlike party sou wees indien die maatskappy gevoeg word. In wese is die argument dat die aandeelhouer se belang daarin geleë is dat die bate van die maatskappy ‘n venootskapsbate tussen die Eiser en die Verweerderes mag wees wat die aandeelhouding en of waarde van die maatskappy wesenlik kan beïnvloed. Ek is nie van oordeel dat daar voldoende meriete in hierdie argument is nie en beskik die maatskappy oor eie regspersoonlikheid onafhanklik van die aandeelhouers.
[9] Indien ek die aansoek om voeging toestaan, sal dit die partye in dieselfde posisie plaas asof die Verweerderes uit die staanspoor
dagvaarding uitgereik het teen die Eiser en die maatskappy. Ek is gevolglik bereid om wel die aansoek om voeging toe te staan. Wat koste betref het die Verweerderes nie die luuksheid wat ‘n eiser het om alle noodsaaklike partye uit die staanspoor te voeg nie. Sy was verplig om die hof te nader, en hoewel sy dus ‘n vergunning vra, is sy suksesvol in die aansoek. Die Verweerder in sy opponering is egter ook nie onredelik nie, gesien die geskiedenis van hierdie saak.
[10] Derhalwe word die volgende bevele verleen:
1. Die Tweede Respondent word gevoeg as die Tweede Verweerder in die teeneis in saaknr 347/2015.
2. Die Applikante (Verweerderes in die hoofaksie) om die teeneis te wysig en af te lewer (ooreenkomstig die Kennisgewing van Voorgenome Wysiging, gemerk “G” tot die funderende verklaring) binne 5 dae na verlening van hierdie bevel.
3. Die Tweede Respondent word 21 (een-en-twintig) kalenderdae verleen om ‘n Kennisgewing van Voorneme om te Verdedig af te aflewer.
4. Die uitruil van verdere pleitstukke en kennisgewings om te geskied ooreenkomstig die Hofreëls.
5. Die koste van hierdie aansoek is koste in die geding.
_____
C. REINDERS, R
Namens Applikante: Adv PJJ Zietsman
In opdrag van:
Kramer Weihmann & Joubert
BLOEMFONTEIN
Namens Respondente: Adv N Snellenburg SC
In opdrag van:
Honey Prokureurs
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