W v Williams-Ashman N O and Others (823/2020) [2023] ZASCA 44; 2023 (4) SA 113 (SCA) (31 March 2023)

W v Williams-Ashman N O and Others (823/2020) [2023] ZASCA 44; 2023 (4) SA 113 (SCA) (31 March 2023)

The Supreme Court of Appeal assumed, without deciding, that the appellant's prospective right to inherit under his former spouse's will could constitute property for the purposes of section 25 of the Constitution. The Court held that section 2B of the Wills Act does not amount to arbitrary deprivation of property, as it serves a legitimate legislative purpose: protecting testators from unintentionally benefiting former spouses in the immediate aftermath of divorce. The limitation restricting evidence of testamentary intention to the will itself is justified by the need for certainty and to prevent fraud, and does not offend procedural fairness. The Court found that the deprivation...

Citation
[2023] ZASCA 44
Parties
Appellant: J[..] M[…] W[…]; Respondent: David Howard Williams-Ashman N O; Respondent: Master of the High Court, Gauteng Division, Johannesburg; Respondent: J[…] B[…] C[…]; Respondent: I[…] N[…] F[…]; Respondent: The Speaker of the National Assembly; Respondent: Chairperson of the National Council of Provinces; Respondent: Minister of Justice and Correctional Service; Amicus Curiae: The Trustees for the time being of the Basic Rights Foundation of South Africa
Court
Supreme Court of Appeal
Jurisdiction
South Africa
Judgment Date
31 March 2023
Case Number
823/2020
Procedural Posture
Civil Appeal / Appeal From Western Cape Division of the High Court, Cape Town
Outcome
Appeal dismissed.
Judges
Saldulker, Mbatha, Molefe, Kathree-Setiloane, Unterhalter
Legal Topics
Freedom of Testation, Arbitrary Deprivation of Property, Wills Act Section 2b, Testamentary Intention, Access to Court, Public Policy

Case Brief

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Parties

J[..] M[…] W[…]

Appellant

David Howard Williams-Ashman N O

Respondent

Master of the High Court, Gauteng Division, Johannesburg

Respondent

J[…] B[…] C[…]

Respondent

I[…] N[…] F[…]

Respondent

The Speaker of the National Assembly

Respondent

Chairperson of the National Council of Provinces

Respondent

Minister of Justice and Correctional Service

Respondent

The Trustees for the time being of the Basic Rights Foundation of South Africa

Amicus Curiae

Procedural Posture

Civil Appeal / Appeal From Western Cape Division of the High Court, Cape Town

  1. 1 Whether section 2B of the Wills Act 7 of 1953 constitutes an arbitrary deprivation of property in violation of section 25(1) of the Constitution.
  2. 2 Whether section 2B infringes the appellant's right of access to courts under section 34 of the Constitution.
  3. 3 Whether the limitation in section 2B, restricting evidence of testamentary intention to the will itself, is constitutionally valid.

Ratio Decidendi

The Supreme Court of Appeal assumed, without deciding, that the appellant's prospective right to inherit under his former spouse's will could constitute property for the purposes of section 25 of the Constitution. The Court held that section 2B of the Wills Act does not amount to arbitrary deprivation of property, as it serves a legitimate legislative purpose: protecting testators from unintentionally benefiting former spouses in the immediate aftermath of divorce. The limitation restricting evidence of testamentary intention to the will itself is justified by the need for certainty and to prevent fraud, and does not offend procedural fairness. The Court found that the deprivation...

Court Disposition

Appeal dismissed.

Orders

  • The appeal is dismissed.
  • The appellant is ordered to pay the costs in the appeal of the third and fourth respondents, including the costs consequent upon the employment of counsel.