19890602 TZCA Mbeya1

IN 'l'EG COURT OF APPID.1'..L OF TLl1Z);1'IIA -- . . . AT l'fiBEYA . .. ( CORAM: CHII1HJLL APPE.,iL HO. 48 OF 1989 ALLY CHAlfBILO. • • • fJ-'PTI:LLAfiT VE;HSUS THC REPUBLIC • • • • Rr.DSPOND:ii:Ifl' ( Appeal from the convictio11 of the High Court of T2,11.z.:u1ia at Njornbe) dnted ·che 20th day of Septer.1ber, 1988 ill t .,J I 1 J11~Af..i~LA 2 J'§...-.~.i!...'.'h The appc~lant ts convict ion for tho murder of lri.s cousio · Raphael Mbwaiu, was based solely on a retr2.ctocl co:..1fessio11 h~ made to Members of the Vill,:'€e ::;ecurit;y Commit·~eo soon after- the discovery of the decc2,sed 's bo~r in a fu.rm hut. Whel'.i. the villag0rs ga;i;llered o.t tlw scene, tho immediate suspeot I was the appellant beco.use o..ccordinc; to IITFU{lll-lo E.iJ)~l8Ln (P. w. 7) "he lived in -;;he nei.:;hl)ourhoocl c.nd used to. quarrel frecrw:mt.ly with \ the deceased over s:12Jnbas;·• l111e villc:Gers ·chercfore asked the appell~ 1 . if he had killed. tho deceased. 'l'lio ap1iollai1.t denied, but acc.oxding to , - ~ the Chairma11 of th0 Village Security CommiJGteo :Cilf.~]110 NBENUCHI (P. W.. 3) 4 ~, the appelln.nt was eventually 11 :porsuc.dod" to 2,elrnit 1 nso that the mc1ttel' would end hero". It a:)pears however from t~1e evidence of the Ward Secretary ('~ .U .6) th0-t this porsuc,sion took the form of military drill' and possibly some beatine;. In 2J.1Y evont follm·Jinc; ·chis

peI'Sua.s.ion the\_ appellant adr,1itt0d killine; the clocc:::,socl t11roucl1 two ~urelings, his brother in 12.x,-1 Dickson Lufur,10 and Oi.10 Lueusto Kc.duma. Dickson was to be paid a cow 212d Augusto dornarnled o,nd was paid shs. 3,000/=. The actual plzysicd killing \ias carriod ou:i; ;3.y- 1\uc;usto. Aueusto denied the allo.:;ations e.:i1d the chc..r:~·e (.:,:nd w.::s ncc.[U:i:ctcd i::r'ti the end -of the triaJ, 1 .... 0 ••• /2. 2 As irnlica;~cdr there wc2 ao other evidence to su_,port tho chargQ against the ap::)ollnnt except t}iis· confession t·rhich ho retracted both \ in his cautioned st£,,toment tdcon dmm oy D/S{;t. JULIUS in whi~h }le · denied any involvement to the killinc- Q..Yld in. his do:fonce at the trial. Ee sro.d thf.';t .ho had decided to i:sdmi t, c,:1d :us roldi ves had p~rsu.a.ded hirn to do so in order to £Cl.VO :ur,isOlf from certain death if he :persisted in d.e1wing the n.lle__;,j;io11,s leveled against him. Hot-,ever in dealirie with this aspect of t~1e co..se the leax-n~d trial judge stated, :The confession which tho first accused ( D,ppellant) 1 ;.1e,de to P. '.'7. 3 - :Srno:::r'rn ,3,11d P. i'l. 7 - Kifurugo has been rotr2,dedo Thero was no objection to the ccl.missi bilitr of tho evidence of confession but in t~10 course of his defence the first accused :12,s said. that :w r.1ade a false confession unclor duress. I am of tho virn-1 ·\;ha:!;

the accused w;:.,s cert dnly roughed up :}ut I do not believe tho ·inducement Kas such as would i12.vo r,12,do him give a f4s; co;.1fossion. His co11fossion W.?..s volv_;_l".;::11.,.J and true. W~n his 112.nds w0ro ti_ccl c.::ld he was su~)joded to the rnilitary drill, · as ho ::,ci,iu himsolf, corn)lutely de.iicd respons:i.bU\iY fo1, tho death of dccuc..aecl.. The w.1clispui:;od evidence ho1,rcvor is tl1a;t, 3:I; the roc:uost of his ow;.1 brother Lulccm;;olo tho first &.ecU£od was taken away from the crowd a:acl questioned in :)rivdG 1:zy- P.Wo3 - Ernesto c.nd P.W.7.., Kifurugo, but in tho ,resonco of his brother nnd mot.her, It ~·:c,s the:1 that l:o r:1~,cle tho conf cssion·. 1 • At -~110 :.102.ririg of tbs appocl Er. J.'!wnkiL.1,S2,, who stood in for Mr. Tukunjobe,_ w110 could not n,1)po.,.r on account of a. sudden oorea;i,~ in the family, vigorouslJr a.ttacb:,cl this fincliac by th-0 l-0a.rned t.ri~ judge. We ~-pprocia:tod Mr. Nwakilai:m.' s willincnoas to appear and \ argue tho 2,ppocl at GUCli short noticeo Ifo ii.1formcd us that he was ' abandoni1-ig the second grow.1d of ~ppeal n;.1d thd; he would argue only one gro1L1d on the confession -rac:.do l:zy- the o..ppellr.nt. He sulxnitted that if t:10 102,Tnecl trid jud3O found that· tl1e appellant was tortur~I ~. then he should not ho.vo used the scj(JO confcssio11 to convict him. · conviction wo.,s of the scr.10 view o .

The le2.rnecl jud,r:o stated i 11 the above r)::~3;.:o.t;o ·;;}1:·,t the appellarrl; wus rou.:;hed up bctore mcl<i:.,{;· tho co11foc ..:io111 but he went on to hold. that ho did ;:ot 1Joliovo tho il'lu.ucemc;_:l; 1-lc',S such as would. have made him 0 ivo a fdsc confession, ~1d t:1.d tl1orcfore his confession w,.s voluDtary cad true. .,.. . 3 We are of the viGw th.:::.t there were two Cl.S)eciis to the a,ppellai1t 's confession which nceclocl the attention of 'the trial judge. There WM first the ctuostion of torture· ol' roUJhing up of the appello..:.1t and secondly the inducement 1-,hioh wns given to lumo Uc cl[_<ree with Mr. Hw2.lcilaso.. thn.t if the trial judge found ns he dicl th~_,_,t the appclJ.c,nt w2,s roughed up before making the confession, then the subsecrucnt confcssi<m could not be voltmtu..ry a,;_1d true morels because it was i~12.Cle in the presence of l1is brother e.nd mother. According ·bo the appellani;f his relatives ii:rtervoned. in order to save him 0,;1d t:1ey asked to speck to him in ::_-,riv2..te in an effort to persu'--:.dc lrim to stop his obstinn,cy. They feared tlin.t ho mig21t clie if th~ torture or rouching up continued. There was -t;:ms no need to continue ~orturins or roU{;·I1i:.~ him up ·while this '.;Jriv[;l;i;o interview continued, ancl he w:.s not subjected to furtl1er torture beoanae he had 2,lro::,,O.y clone wh2,t t~10 villo.~·e

aut1wri.ties wa1Ic0d him to dot,.._ With rc(;<'.,I'cl to t>o i;1duccr.1e:;.1t :·1l1ich the triol judge said_ was not cap.::.i)le of r.1o;.;:in& tl1e a:;r)ollant t.;ivo 0 fcls0 conf~ssion, we think with res1,ect tho:[; this ignores tho cviclonco civen by f the Chairmc..n of ·bhe Villq;0 ~curity Coiilmittee - :Sr:1csto (P.i'T.3) to tho effect t~1at t:1cy l1~,cl tolcl tho o.;,y.it,llnn·b -(;~1d if }1e agreed to hc;vo been ros~onsi ble for 112.,pl1ael I s dedh 1 Dd-~ers woti.ld end right there. rr:.1is very a,t·cr::.ctive inducGrnen-t \'l'(;"',S :10ld up to the appelic:.nb 1JJ' the CJ.1e,irrac..n of o, 1,owcrful villoeo io-.rcrnment Committee, uo do ;:wt sec !101:r such c:.11 inducement coulcl h:.we failed to _operato 011 t).10 8:j)pell.::~1t. H wc..s quite c,·,.pa,ble of mo.king him offer a fcJ.lse co;1fessio:1a L1 t~1csc circunwtc;.1ccs w0 n,re unable to sey lil::0 the. leO,I'ned trii"'..1 judge tha,t the C.:-i':"Jolln.,."1t 's confession_ w2.,::: volunbry, if it -.,12,3 aot volunt 8.I'"'J, it i.-r;::.s unlikely to be tru.~, 2,,.1cl therefore unsnfo to ';)o,se a convidioa on it. 11.ccot'dingly we cllow the 2,Pl-:,00.l, qu.2.sh -~l~c conyiction which 2,s inclic<1..ted was not su:):i_:iortecl by t~1e Re:,n1Jlic, set asi-de_ t ~ ;gEmtenoe. of dedh with E.'11 order f8r the o.ppollan:1; 1a. l-41.t:.-ied.i.c,te --- ••••o••••/4. ,, 4 release from ".)ustody unless ho is otherwise

lr:lrl'ul~ detained, - DN.P::::-.,) J{l YillEYA this 2nd. dL'.;'/ of June, 1909. F o L. r:rY,:lLftLI c~mE:F' JUsT:i:cr.: • , tf ...... JJQ$t19 1! , -, ~ JUS'I'IC}~ OF' J:..PPE/J, :- .\. , 1·.:.c , -~· . 1''~ JUSTICE OF APPLi:AL I cert if::· thd this is a true copy of t.iJ.e. original.,. .J:o~;; ~-.::;;,·( ( ;J •. H._ M~OJ!1i'__] ) . •• • '-Li'"'"' "'" ........ ~..... • --~1rroR S- n·_:i!r'UTY -... "'Tir- !I..· .. .. )'lJ. ~ 1 ·',.,, - V- .._ /