19870629 TZHC Dar es Salaam

-;.. ; ' .., . ·,:. /lhlctuta.'a:C· ._ ·ucttt;' D1dtcc,~ IH THE HIGH CCUR'l' OF TAHZillTiiA ---------- it. T :)AH. (l?C) CIVIL /i.~PE.hL HO. ;30 CF ES GJiLA/1.H 19D6 (Froo the decision of the Dist~ict Court of. Moro.aoro at Moroeoro il"l C:lvi1 ilppecl No.D/B6) ORIGl:lT.f.L. TAWJ, PRIVJ,RY COURT CIVIL_ CASE II0.1/86 ALLY' M:USHO .., .• • • • • • • • • J.l?PELI.J\IiT vor~us MLAMCH:CLO.SALEHE,. • • ·• nEWONDENT J U D G M E N T: ------------------------ l{;lAfQ0..1. .~ Th.a tll)pel1ant ALLY M:i:USI-W ouooess.i'ull.y suod the respo• nci.ont ,MU\MeHILO Si~LEHE i..."1. the Pritm.r"'J' Court a.t ..Tawo, Morocroro . . District. Tb.o respondent appoeled to the Diot:.::-iet Court at 1"1orocoro agninst th0 decisio11 of tho l?r.mary Court .. and· th.ere. th.G tt:i,.);p~11.2.nt 1ost. He is now n1:,p<3nline to this court;. T"uo dispute is over n 2½ ~o~an ohaoba at Lute&o ·uponda - . Chi~ Villnc;0, Tal-rn Ward, I"~tor.ibo :Jivision, _Bo~"'oe:;01. 0 :)istric.t:.· - 1 Enoh. of the par.tics is clainil"ic thr:t ho/0:10 is t;:10 richt:ful pwner of it .::!S aeainst the other. Tl"lG. evic.lenco o~ tl1e case ,-1co r.eo.ordeC: ~J. c v.ery s·ccn-ty encl unaot_is:faotory mnnner by tho ~rir.mi--y Court.. Be th.at as it my, in :Lt the o.1::>pe11ant teotif'iec.1 tllE:.t the. ohc1iba· was r...:is bec~uae 1 11 Shaabn hilo n:i. le. uri thi 1-m wnzoc. baba nn nina shameo.z:f. l_~r.m walivyoli:pi\ti:l tok.a kw.::-. Bebo mzaa Bn bn • Tnncru r.rtmlro 1904 · c.1i1:io:fo.rild lmba hul:tlir:m :.1ir.li. nho.nba-:::ltl1o ~ - Msir.1u huu 1.tllil::uwa nic.eli:.:Ju r:,nhiucli. mdaiwa a~1ekuja ynvurucc. l:;m~ r.1cdc.i ltwn □ba ati sh.ncibc:i. ni r.1e.1i ycko jm:ioo m:iix.lo oi ln ltweli." In_ an answe to n ·question put to the appellant by the court·: he stated thnt his pnr<i:nto cot the ahc:u:iix1.. f'roc one Scterabo l-iwnnnr.'lltwn □a • Ho ccllocl five 1-·ri tneosos, 1:1ost of whor.i t . have sllm,1bns sharins como.on boundnrieo wi. th tlle ahanbn in clis:put0. T".u9y air:1oot ell tcsti·:ticd to. th0 of'fcot thot tho appell~nt -t inho1.1 i t'od the shnnba from his -Zn thc1.1 nnG his f'n thor hncl inhor:L tecl :I. t ::trora uppc11c.nt 's arand:tn tho:;:, nnc: t:1.cy hnvc soon the appolla'nt 's - 6 lmo-vt10c'le;0 lJ.e was the 0110 cnti tlcc1 to it. Ti-2.cy had knovm ·appellant 1 ~- cra1-1.c~a th.0r _us ine -it, then his fa t:1er, then :t:i.nal;y tb~ appcl.lant. What is tl1c conclusion to be c::t"'atm .:tJ.101:1 this 7 Obviously tha -I; the cl:.ar.lba hcloncec. to -t:i.10 ap:;;,cllant. Uith 1:1y hole.line,; that I , rcspo11c:!.0ntts witneasos evidence only suj..)por.tcc1 .hor· olai1:1 that she b.acl inhori tod tl-lc sl-1ar.1ba :f1"'or;1 hor :ta t:.:.cr, tl.. e oviclcncc o'f: the appollan·t, rru-ic;ed aeainst tl:at of tl-ic r0Gpo11dont, is by far r.1ora 005011t. I therefore. rcspccti:tully i'ind that tl:l.e loamed Distriot l.fu.cistratc erred in upo.eti..11.c the tm.aninous decision of_ tho r'ri::1ary Court. :C f'or these roaoona alJ.o·w Ji;l:c a:J;_:;0J.la1-i·t I s a1-:rieal, ·with costs, in tltls court and the two courts 'below. L. Ji • fl.. • I(YJur.00 29/6/1907 C ---------~· Corat1: L. A. Ji •. l{yancio, J • ----- . Foi"' iil-10 Appollapt: J,bscnt. • For ·tho l~es pond on t l1r • 1-1:b.ula • Court·: Juc.1er.1ont delivered today, t:i.1.c 29th of' June,- 1907. L• A• J~ • I~YAlfDO 29/6/1907 ,. -en..,. "v '· - 5 - I woulc. .hnvo an· ·ullcd the p.t"occcc:inGs. o.Z the ?rimecy Cour.t. if I hoc. boo11 satisfied thn t f'c.ilL1re to o.bic:& by these bn::.ic c.nc.l · ecsential principles resultec: i11 n r.ti.scnrri2.::;e of justice. I ~n oatioi'iecl that in this case subotantinl juntico wao done inspitc o'f t!:-..0 fc.ilur0 on the par-t of the l?riunr-.1 court to abiclo by thoso principles nnct · adopt_ correct nnc: p:.:-oper procec1u1."e for ;:ml--.inc visits to the lo_cus__:J...n. .•S'l..Y.O.~ T.he Prir.1acy Court clecidcd the cc1.se in f'nvour 0£ ~he nppe- llnnt~ J:t.· c:eclnrcd hir.1 the ric:-."lt:ful O'imor of the shar.1bn in disput.e and not the respondent. ':.."'i.1e decision of the Prir.1nry Court. wns unqri..ir:iouoly arrived at• The rc::;3..")onC:0:.1t .'t-fe.o C::.issntisfied with thnt decision and, o.s indicated nbove., he u:;_)pec,lecl to the District Coui•t·.. T::1e latter court rev.er3ecl the decision of' the Prir..1ar,J Court and held th8t tho shm.1i:m :)cloneec~ to tho rcopondont, not · t:10 n~,:_)cllc.nt. In ·c.1ocidin5 the case for the roopondont tl:o lerirned ::>istx-ict. Hocistrc.te held thc:i.t the rosponC:c:nt•o cloir.1s to the sI1a1:1bo hncl been sup;_)or.ted by two wi tnooses nnc: t:C.cre:fore she wus ontillod to it 1:1oro than tho appell.nnt. Ao I h~ve st2.toc1. here in above, tho two wi·tnesses who tosti:f'~ed on iJo!:!olf' of tho ros1Jondc.:mt were Rar.mclb.ani lm1ckolo. nnd Ho.sonni Getcn:,bo. I hnve c.lso held that the eviC:enoe of' Rano.c:J:.1mtl l'.fulckelc. iJrovcd not:1i11:; in this ca.so• 'l'l:o ovidcncc of' Hnssani Sctocbo sup:;ortccl only r.eopondont I s clai1:1 th.a. t tho shnr.ibu he.cl been inhcri t ac.1 by · ,7:1cr. f'roo her la to fa thor. •. linyhow, the a;_)pcllant t-rc.a necTiovocl by :f;!:C d.eciaion of' Distri·o-t; Court and ho hes., ogain as stntei:l ct t:::.c bec_Sin11.ina of tl--.:.io jt.1d:31:1011t, appcaleC: to thio court. Oppooine the oppcnl I{r. 1':l.:uln :for tl~e re::::pondcnt contcmc.cc! t:1£d; while tho issue bo:fo~G tho :Pri1:1e.ry Court. was one of title, t::-..u t court decided tho onac in f'nvour o:f tha np:;_)ellcl.11.t on tha busis of' use of the ohn□bn. Ho ure;ued t:i.-:ut ti1.e ioEJuc wc.o w~-:o 1-rns 0ntitlcd to the shar..1ix1 a.o bct1·1een. ~ho contenc.:111.c; :x:rtieo r:11.c: not ,·Tho hnd. been usinC it. Ee contended t:1ct tho :five wi tnoaoo::; t:10 c.ppcllnnt broueht nll- tooti~icc! only no to uoc, and ~ot title. He ~t~tod .t.. thc..t thooo ·wi tncsoos inf'act [l GLU. 1.1 CCL • • J_J_ 1.1 ... ...... ul.1£1. v t:"1oy cl:Lcl not lmow where the npJ_Jolla.nt 1-::; c;rc.nd:fnthex- cot the. o:.:m:1~)n He c;ubr.rl. ttcd thcr0f'oro t~::.c t ti.1.c c:.ocision of' the Pri □ary Court .wa.o richtly rev.erBccl by tb.c ;)iotrict Court. nncl the :)ist*:i.c.t Cour~.dacision is correct. 1-Tith reopoct,.wllilc tl.. c wiJc:1ooscs of t~:o.;ppcl.lnnt 1 s inc1ood ::mid they did not lmow whore t:10 a;r,i;_:;-el.lnnt I s g-rnnd:fa thcr eot the s:12..obc.., their tcstioony as to tho· .Jajncr use. of" the ohQr::1ba by ·th(;) u:.}l)Cllant was di:t'ectcc. at cota~)lia::ri.11c t:1.at to tl1oir - 4 - Hnvine hold. as above, the Court of' hpp0nl. wont on to Give the f'ollowine cuido1inos -, on . proceduroo f'or. visiJcinc loc.9,.q_ in ggo:- ·flUJ.1.on a. visit -to ~-~1:!~.E..'l..-<;1,,l.1.,0 io ·,nocosaary . or nppropria tc and ns t-rc have o_aid thi~ .::d-ioulcf ·only bo hoc.es:>nry in oJ::oop·i:ionc,l' ccaeo,. the. Court shou1d attend with the pcrtiec nnc: t::oir nc:voca t_os, if' any, anq with such ·wi tnoaso$ as· r.my hc:1.vc to tosti'f'y in that part~cule.i~ i:1attor, nnci. -Zor il1stance if ·the oizo of a .l"oom or 1-ridth of' a roacl is n. 1:10.ttor ir1 issue, hc.ve the roor.1 or .1 onc1 □ocouroc1 in tho presence,,)>♦ 1 t:10 parties, nnd a not0 r.mclo thereof'.. \ When the court re-c.ssembleo in t:i.1.0 cou1--t-roor.1, al.1 suoh ;-iota.a . ','t. shouJ.ci be read out to tl-io pnrtioc end their nuv·oeate.s 1 \ ni)d co1:11:1onto, cu:~ondi:1ento or objections call'?d for 'i and i:f noccasary incorporctoC:.. Witneoaos then have. \ to \·;i vo · oviclenco o-Z n11 tI-100 e :tc.cto, if' thoy arc \ relezant, one. the 9oui t o:nly refcro to tho notes 1 in orp.er to unclorotnnd or role.too to·-the cvidonoe civon'in court by the vri:l;nessoo. l!.Llr~Ul.¥lE this ·p%'oc eclur~ ~ l . J?.9~-~£9...l?.t?.g~.P..Y..~Jil~-~~~s. _in ... f'-1.l tur~; '(U-.nderl.ivi11 0 udc:od.) As noted oarl.ier ·on, in this case 110 noces:Jity :for vioitinc tI:~o o::c.tfoc. waa :Lndicc, ~eel. by the I'ri1:mr"f Court• Indeed the. t Cour.t:. ' appaor.s to have ussuoe'c:1 thnt suchn vicit W8.0 o. ::mttor of course ·or routine. . .Apnrt f'rorn: this, nfter tho inspection of tho shucbn wno c:one 1 no notes wore ·_rn:-.clo of such nn inspection nncl the pro- iedur.o. outlined in the lJ~soc.co. :f:L~om tho juu.2;::1cnt of' the Court of ilppenl·, I hcvo reproduced nbovc was not f'ol.louccl nt 21.1. I m:1 nwar.~ of' coi.:.rso of' the 1Jr~visio11s of a. 19 (2) of the l~"1cistx-A00 CourttLAc:1t; Ho.2 of 19G4·which stnteo in :pat"t:- 11Subject to nny._ :;.~er.,ulutions n · Pr:i.i::ic,ry Court· mny c.cocpt . such ev~c:.cr..cc as is pQr·:,;ino~t nnd ouch · proof' ns nppoars to· be ,;-ror.tl,.y o-J: bel.ief' cccordinc; to the rule;s thereof' enc: not,;-ri ti1s tc.nc1ing- nny other. 1UW ro1c.tinG to ~vic:01':CC O:i.-"' :_)roof' e_tl I no nlso nwaro that I'rd,.1:1c.ry ·, Courts. in ti10 conduct of tric.ls before thcr.1 arc exe□pt ±-ror.1 boin5 boun,.2. by tecl'47.icn1i ties• in tho juclc::1cnt of tho Coort of ·But the J..Jrinciples cnuncintccl .Appcnl in the Ladak v. J~.3£!1~104/htnrnr31e not 1:icre technical.i tic.s. Ti."iey nro basic nncl essential. princi:i.)loG of lc.w to be followed nn<l nc~iortccl to by every pourt .,'... - :fu:::.tl1y -"'-,-.on ( J.- ..• i:.io tc They nc::.:tl.-t~oc: thouc;21. tl:.c. t they did not; know :'.lm-r Q::_):-.JeJ.lc::nt 1 s e:;:.:>nncl:fe:t:20:..~ ~0~1.1:L.roc: t:"1.c.t ~he:i:1bu 0 Tb.e rc:::-1: .:>ndo1'lt so cc:tso w20 ao l:.or evidence which I rep;rocluce bo1o,·r ol-:ows ;- r.tlr1:i ' ,., "' ,r, ·- 10 .1 ..," k..-0..i.1.i,·~r ::::;_)LU.:.C2. •v 1 r.1eh:i.ncli, mihoco · Bc:.nc:.c.ye nili~:t-:w2, :nno1mm huko lei.lose ~ / . loo ch2cho nilirud:i Hwa1m huu nil.ipo- cn:::m kuja J..ir.12 l:.t1D.o 1:.c:ipo .:1e:c:i cJ.i.nr.1uo. kunif'nnyin L1. 2.1:::n,rcrs to tl-io coc.:rt, 0::10 too-ti:fioc: tl:n t wr-..i.le ohe ·was ,:1c,rrio(~ c.t ·:aioG" '-1,s~-, ,-,,• t:~-.,.,, ·:8r:i.oc:'. of 16 ycc.:-cs 0:10 1:cd ontruotocl ~etor.1bo. case, because of tho voor r:rc..y t::o I'ri":,c::ry Court ;::c.nc.loC: t:J.o ui tl:..00000 in thio cns0 he ·docs not :ccvoc:1 oui'i'ic:i.o::~t i:..1.fo:rr.:12.tion ao to ho·u they are re.lc.tcd. (u::1clerl.:L..'"'.l.:L.l;.C 2ddod~) -;r:.:.at cloos tl::t::; ::1oc.:n? C:icl not bot:20r to f'i:::d o;.::t tI:.o u.ocninc of t::.::.:io f'ro□ the wi tn0ss • L.ny:ww, -~:,.c w-. ~~c'.,nr,c ::nr:ic:-.C-:cni l'-::0.le:::o1o.. procoec:ec: to ~ttnte that:- I-Iuyo !cc. 2~n ~rc~1.c;t1 cl.ili1Jc..~~c. J~ol:a :::1-rc 3otcl;ibo za.mo..11.i oa1-w. ~-rn 1..-- ,.;_..,_ .. {..,-:...<...:. -i ...ti ,•\. ~., L-. l1 """--<...·- !""'\ ; -r-1!"'\ ~r- --t· ,· ~o-~ • t. • .l.l...-,.,G ,. .. "'I ~•"-''-'," tf r. j - ' J: t.1uot -otate ztro.ic;htewny· '!:l1..:-,t · t:'.:.dr; ey-ic.cmce .. ,• of l:~oa<lhani . !-1n1okeln ic of' no value nt all; it cloe::f ·not.. ~,nrecl the idcnti ty \ .. of' tho 1Jc,ri:;i0a who were involved in the t1. c.11.snction he hno 1 desc:;.,. ibod, 1 . . 11or docs he revenl t1:o ic.:.enti ty of' ·the.shar1bo.s involved • Ee io re:tcr:r.inc; to t:i:10 peroono involvec:: by ti tlon only ( ejtoept :f'o:.:- Getoi:1bo and I'l.i.conzn) anc1 to tho shm:frn:io in tho plurnl. He does not say in cl.ocr torras to w:.1.or.1 t:'lo ohn1:1be in disputo in t~io ccse beloncrs and why. I-fu.scc:ni SGtoi.:lbo was a bit r..1oz-c Sl,)ocif'ic. I-Io otated that. the sl-:nmbn in dis1)utc . hc1.d bGlon~;ecl to ~hrc.loho Navur.tl:.m who · b.aC: cot it :from tho witness Hnaonni 3otor.1bo hi1:-11Jelf'. He st~tcd tha.t t:-:i.o respondGnt wns onti tloc1 to tI::G slJ.c.;:1bc bocauao i t is hors, huvint i1ll-icri·tod i t f'rom -her i'c.t::.el"' s.ml.01:c !favu:.:1ile. While this: ovidonco tonC:a to su1)port the ro::11,011.dont on her olaim thot sho '"- ilit-iori -~ec: tho sh2t1be f'ron ·hor: i'n th_er 31-1c. l0ho 1-i.avur.tllc., i t docn. not bonr.· h<:>r out 6n her assertion thr-.t :·::.er :t.:-,t:"1.or ".:-tlilipn.ta !.:wn m,e11ye ld1xinclo Sotor.ibo l1t,rnnyont.;c::.;a 11'tn;:-icu:1n:::.on::;oln Kuf'a" bocnuae tho i-titnedo I-Inosnni Sctembo oc.ys t~'.lo roa_:;_)ondont 1 o father {tot.; it; :f'ror.1 b.ir.1 (Ha::rsc.n S0tc1:1bo) I do not bolievo thn t Haosnn Sote□1=?0 one: G.Gte1:ibo Mwai:iyoneaea Mwan~r;iczoncoln 1:Cui'u ni~G one and the _!';}ar.:10 l)eroo:.1, Whatev&r. tho case, at tho conclusion ·of the -hearing of' the evic1or100 f'or both 1,artios, the l<InGistro.to r.mde the follm·rinc.. orders- ·n.AI:1IU: Shnuri hadi kcc::-:to· 29/1/00. ar.17.mpo Mo.halmna _ huwa b~c:;! ku1:1cr:rl.a ~u50 to . kukae,-1..1a l'ln kttohoro. rnrn:ini ya ahanba 'I hilo • .Adn ho.ine. budi ili:pwe r.m1,eon kabl.a yn ulroc;uzi nc. ;:mohnhidi ha-wane budi 1,)ia kuwepo •.tt Mono of the pnrtios to ~ho ease :IDd np:_)liod f.'or the court·. to r.1ove to. the shar.:1bn,. nor wo.a tho nocossi ty · of cnrryi11a out' t:1.0 ouspoction of' the aher:iba i11clicctec:l in the rocorcl of' tho caoo. :E-Iore the Primary Court erred.. 'l'ho princii:,J.cs upon· which · n court cnn visit ri locus in 9.u~ have_ been f'irr.11y established LJ. t:-:~.c case o-Z !1.!..ZliR M4!_J-i,. _.Jdi'.?AI.C....Y..~--C?!.T!JdJ/Y,~g_,Ej~ZJ~-~.J..~'I:.rMCHJ:.,IlJID :il2..9.9J. . _~1...Ji2 in which at pw.30 ·:;:-_,_c Com.~.t of '•l?lJGnl of Tcnzdtln . he1dz "It is only in cxce1:>tional circt?r:1stunccs th~ t a court. ins pee ta c. 1£9£a__i;.r:.-4.1!.0, as· by doine so c. court. r..ay unconooiously t~ko · tho role of' a wi_tneos rather than nn ndjud.ico.tor.. 11 .