19900313 TZHC Dar es Salaam

- 39 - TilE UNITED !?EPUIJLIC OF T.A.NZ.AflIA DJ Tiili ITIGII CCURT Oli' Til.NZ:JTIA AT Dlill DS S.:,L.,VJ.1 liPPELLATE JURISDICTIOli IIIGII ·cOURT CJUlilL~ .APPE.".L NOs 107 OF 1990 ORIGIN.li.L CRDIDU..L Cl.SE NCo 136 OF 1$90 OF Tim I DISTRICT CCURT OF ILAL:l DISTRICT AT IITVUKCNI llofal'o: Co Wojjc, District Mc..cistr~tc nwa mrorrr • 0 • 0 0 °' • o. 0 0 0 0 ,".PfELI.JlNT vorsus S U?n:TIID rrEPtJDLIC o o e o _o o o o 0 0 ·• 0 0 O 0 0 0 0 O O 0 I TISPONDENT Tho District Court of Ilc.la oonvictcc. tho Ci)j_)Ollr..nt of roh':ory . . with violence ant'.. sontonoec;. hin to 30 yenrs ir.11:xdsoru:iont plus 12 strokes unc1or oor1)0l'nl l)Ullisl:i..nont. This c:in.Jonl is c.c~ninst both convictiol:l; n.nc. sontonoo. Essonticllytho J;irosocuiion ceca st~nc.s on·tho ovidonco of tho· oooploino.nt. ono ·Annoh Knbwoci (PW"l)o Sho tol,'.. tho court thc..t on ·the oa.torir,l nicbt o.t c.bout 12.40 Con.., Sho was a.wrkon fron sleep by ·i-:~:.C 'bc:t'kil'lQ9 of her c'..ocre She poopocl tbrouo1 tho wi11e'..ows nnc'.. SD.,W tr..xoo ?00plo oovina Ol."ounc. tho houso. Tl:on sl:0 s.-,w ono of then ].)iokina c b:rick sncl 10 ;ht-ow it o.t tho na.in ci..oor wl:ioh oonsoquontly 0 ot 1Jl'okon. Tho ta.nclit~ cot into tho house o.nc". tbroc;t;oni.ncly oocostoc. hor, 8h01 was or,1.orcd to ci,vo thor.i sono nonoyo Ono of thou uho sho n.lloccc..J.y idcntificc. to bo tho oppollo.nt ho lei.. o. toroh 0 Tb.o w-1 tnoss tolc1. tho court tha.t sho heel· kno·wn tho ~ o.ppollnnt boforo tho inoic.ont~ Sllo usoc1 to soc hin r-.rounci..o 'The ·)c,nc.its ~c. w:i.th a. rceio oa.ssoiito a.ncl sono clom~ loclw cll valued a.t c..b<ut sl:n. 70,ooc/ -~ ml.10 tl'1.ttor wns ro:;,:i~-toc'!. to poH.:lo on tho :fo□o c1.--.,y. .. In s,ra-,."'lltcstiool)Jr c?1)01lo.nt conieci_ tho clloc;:.tion~ Ile clcl.noc1. thcif: o.t 12.4, when tho a.lloeoc".. rob1:;ory took plcco ho w.-,,s e,slcoJ? inside Zebra. Guest IIouso whoro ho wo.s ooJ.Jloyoc ns c.. r.1.".m.GCr. This feet we,s subs·jo.ntio.tcd 20 by hi~ eolloo.cuo ono Gotrua.o:c· Willian a.nc1 ono AUGust.ino Twovc, fron TDllG0,1 Who·ha.:pJ:)OnOc. to hc.vo rcntoci.. c roon in thc..t :;u.ost house on tho rJD..tcric.,l night. t Doth witnosscs r.nintc.inoe. :to ::.mvo boon wit1::. · tl::..:-i ::.i:p:i)Ollc.nt in tto Ql.Os1 house L ~ouc.;hout tho nicht" ' r .. It; is ovic.~mt thn.t tho ccnvfo-l;ion :1.11 ·•,:t.if... c[',SO it. basoc. on tho iclonti.fioo.tion of tho c.pj_)ollc.nt by tho conp:Ldn·,nt ~· ln ·,·re.or for tho con'Viotion to be sustt~inoc1. tl:o c.,lloc;oc: iclcntifio::.tio;.1 o: · tho <'-ppollcnt tJUSt · ooct tho stn.nclr,rc'. set 1;y the lo.w,., r.rho l)lr.;u"iC:bil:Lty of -such id.onti- ~ f:Lor:bion c..opcnc1S on the oonc'..itions in w::1:i.oh it w:. ·:- no..c"..o , x.c1., · whore tho iclontifico.t_ion is by o.. sinc;lc witness;, ·:b.c r.vdJ.c\ :U i t3r ( f corroborc-,tivo ovic.onoo o Dy ony stcncn.rc1.~ tLc oonc.i t:l..01 unc:.0r wb.:i.:Qh c..p:;::i 1.. tent is cllogod :_:/ to hcvo boon ic.ontifioc". in this ocso e:::-.rmot be s2.id :fn.vau :-110. Tho inoictont lmpponoc1. t1.t nir;ht a.nc1. t110 dDoS~,hcro wcs o-i.•01-mcc. :t ';h hystoriz;i.. T Coopla.innnt roponto.dly c1r..incc1. t,hr,t s1:c W".S r..bJ.c to tc.onti:i:;. ~ho n:ppolla.n'fj. 'booc:uso of tho lic;b.t or.1inc.tinc fron torch holc1. by the nppollc.r.t. It is boyoncl o:y OODJ;lI'Ohonsion thd r.i,:pclJ.o.nt could. flc,sh his torch i:1 suoh a, W~ that woulc~ ho.vo clco.rly ox-posoc. b.i.n for ic.ontificc:ti.ono As n. rotter o~ prnctico, vib.ere ic.cntific2-t:.ton of nccusc,'..Qcrson ill by o. sinclo witnoss und.or 1.tnfa::rou:>:o.ble conc'it ions f a.s in ti c prosont eoso, oorro1Joro.tion is roguiroc1.. Th.~r:; is c. t:\no,~ho:nourcc. rule ,.',)f prc.otico. 't:dliol1 this court ~nc. tho ccurts a.bovo hc.vo 'boon ropea.tcdly stc.ting. Far ~ l o in .Abclu Luc:ova. V\, Uc~ ])~A)C().l\.$ C::i.,o 1.pl)Oa.l Noo 60 of 1975 tlio thon CMlrt of ApJ;ocl for Ea.s+cr:1 ilfJ::1..c-a. so.ic1. •-· ' 10 o o • • tho :princil)1Cs a.::;Jih•.:;r..t:b:Lo [~1:0 well scttlocl1 a.m1. uerc. st,:toc1. i.11 fil:2.~~E.Lll ( 1953) .20 EACA 166 enc. r::j_:,p.1''ovoc1. :tn ~ri_fL'Ll"1 ( 1967) EoAo 5830 JJcf01.,e -:r-ridon-::c of iclontificr;tion by a. sinGlO w.i tnoss ocn sL-.f.'ely lJc c.,ccoritoc1. a.s :f'roo of t~10 possib.i:U·by of on~o:,:· s whcI'O conci.i- tions fnvourine; o, 0o!'J:-cct }.c.e_ntificr,tion nro ci..ifficul t 1 there shouJ.(1. "be :.::one o'thc:r cvidorico, 'bo it circuns-tc.ntic,:1 o::· c:Jroct, pointine to c;uilt." Pronounocnonts to siDilo.r cffo_ct woro mC:~c by tho Court of· Appcc..l !9:a~ llusD.t_,"T.lO. v R Cro A:p:pc. Noo 3·J of ·1979 (u.nrc1?ariiocl) a.nc'\. in Lusa.ban.ya. Siynnil:oni :t•. Rt. Cr. Al?l?• No .. 8 of 1979 (Ul'l,;,:-_:.i.')o:;:•~::.1.".),) SuC:b. cor:r·obor0tivo cvic1.onco is ~ l y l.Aokinc in the J?I'O sent ot'.sc" IonodiC1.t~ly after hoc..rinc ·~llis r.1)por.'.~ I nc.c:.o r.n orc'tor quo.shine tho oonViotion n.nd sottinc r,siclc the scnbcnco-'. Rcrnons for the sri,ic. ore.or wcro r.osorvo.d", Tho Bt'..ic c.oforro<1. :rocJVin~ ~-:-," ,...,: ~+:c.inc.:: in this jud(;nont. II (I il.f; J!.!!SUMI JUroE. Doli~a. in o:pon Court- 011;-.1Jt.l: Mc.I•ch, IT$ A,, l'ISUMl JUDGE c0~;>Ji o-<· t '-·'a0-•.0.L:.L,!,,..; u .... "'"1• ,.iw '·.·,'~ .:ti ~./~~ '.r.~ ..... :~· ';;,~~ J .:;: :-· -~~· ;-1£i!l-i •"A~; Mi-t'MY:t:tt':a" eiri#:i:iWM&:W ,' . ' ,., . r