Tanzania Judgment

TZHC

19771221 TZHC Mwanza

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Source document

01

Holding and result

The complainant's identification of the appellants was credible and reliable as they were well known to each other and the circumstances did not support mistaken identity; the appellants' alibi defences were unsupported and unconvincing.

Court disposition

appeal dismissed; conviction and sentence confirmed

Orders

  • Appeals against conviction dismissed
  • Sentences of two years imprisonment on each appellant confirmed

02

Material facts

Parties

Appellants (names not specified)

Appellant

Republic (implied)

Respondent

Amounts and remedies

  • Sentence (each Appellant): years 2

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Criminal Appeal / Judgment on Appeal

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
Appellants denied assaulting the complainant and raised alibi defences, suggesting grudges with the complainant.
Respondent
Complainant identified appellants as assailants, stating they were well known to each other and the incident was described in detail.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    Court's reasoning

    Identification evidence is reliable where parties are well known to each other and circumstances preclude mistaken identity unless motivated by malice.

  2. 02

    Court's reasoning

    Alibi defences require corroboration to be credible.

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The complainant's identification of the appellants was credible and reliable as they were well known to each other and the circumstances did not support mistaken identity; the appellants' alibi defences were unsupported and unconvincing.

Obiter and limits

  • The appellants could have been charged with a more serious offence given the demand for money.

Court disposition

appeal dismissed; conviction and sentence confirmed

  • Appeals against conviction dismissed
  • Sentences of two years imprisonment on each appellant confirmed

Source and reliance status

TZHC · 21 December 1977

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Judgment text

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Source document

TZHC

Judgment· 21 December 1977

19771221 TZHC Mwanza

IN HIGH COURT OF Tj,\lZANli\ AT J:v!l:JANZ!\ A~'::-'2::LLATE JURISDIC'J:ION HIGH COURT .::Ril'!IN,\L A;?PS,\L NO. 276 (,~., 1977 (Original Criminal Cas,, :,0064 of 1977 of the District Court of Ngara District at Ns~ra before P.Z. Kag~li, Esq., D.ll.) versus 2 U D G E ME N T !1fFALILA, J. These two i1ppeal.s : ·ere consolidated. ~?:: th appellants were charged with th12 offe:1c:e of assault causir:g -c:::tual bodily harm contrary to s<2ctio:1 241 o:: the Penal Code. :::hey were found guilty, convicted ar.d sentenc,..:C::. to two years imDris::nml' nt subj (.!Ct to 0 confirmation. The main issue in t:1is appeal as wo.s at the trial, is the identification of the appellants, for they denied the allegation that on the day in que=tion, they assaulted the complainant. Both of them told the trial court thot as the incident narrated by the complainant wc.s t:.,;,::ing place, they wtcre elsewllej::-c, the 1st accused saying that l1e was mournit,~_; his wife's d<2ath 1 the 2nd accused that he was in =-:,urundio But i:i:" the evidence of the complainant is accept~~ ~sit were, then the identification of the appellant's ~oses n0 ~=~hlemo For according to the com,lainant, he walked with both a:.:.rJ..::llants for some (~.i-•L,nce before i:hey turned around demanding money ::'rom him and later ::ssaul ted hir.-i in the manner and to the extent desc:ib2d. The complainant and the appellants are

well known to ,~ach other, in fact th,." C'):-:iplainant is the appellant's c,~11 h"ad,::ro I cannot therefor,; see how in those circumstances th0 com~lainant could hav~ ~istaken tho appellants, unless he was prornpt2d jy malice to r~v2nge an existing grudge. Both pppell~nts tried to suggest some s~rt of grudges between them and the comp1ain2.nt but I thought thr..t these were too far fetched. Th,=ir ali!)is 1·:ere not supported ":::y 2nyone except them- selves o For all thcs2 r-.:Cisons, both appeals 2rF•inst conviction have no merit an-~: they :.:.:::-2 dismissedo As r·.3gards the s0:::.tences, these were app1~oprir-1t.: in view of the seriousness and ,wture of the attacko As t1iey w,;;J~:::: demanding monr:.:y from the complain;:rnt they could have been ch,:.::·ged with ;:,. mo1'.',~ serious offence. Accordingly, the sent'-'_:1:::2 of two years imprisonment on c;nch appellant is confirmedo Delivered in Court at Mwanza this 21st de;:'/ of Deccm!::ier, 1977 ..

MWANZA L1ST DECEr,nEf:., 1977

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Penal Code section 241

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