19880930 TZCA Dar es Salaam

IN 'l'l:L::J COURT OF 1u>PJ11:L OF TidfZ.LJTL~ li..T iJlUSili~ mUIITlJLL 1..?P:J.~L NO. ·38 OF 1988 ) 1 • IISV::::NLI GITT f,'.ffit'.JIDd ) 7 - r:,· v,o nuJCTJTIITT\I • ilPP:=LLl1Tu"'T3 2 ., ..,1u\L., J.' i.·, . ~ ;l~.u ) 0 0 • • •. . • Versus T::::rr;; :R.sl?UBLIC O O O <•• '.:l3Srmm:Jir:n • • • (Lpp0al froD t::10 conviction of tJ.io I.iigi Gou.rt of Tanzania. at l~rus~1a) (Nusl1i, Jo ) dated t~1e 1st day of October 9 1987 in Cri[rinal Sessions Cas0 No. 85 of 1985 JUDGl.GtlT OF TID couqT' Tho two ap?ollants were convicted by tho ITic-:1 Cou-ct (riuslli 9 J.) for tl10 rnurdor of a person call0d CI1'.J:1LJS LB::"h_i:I.iJ,I and. t'.1oy uore accordingly condorn1cd to death. T!1ey have a:J)oalod. -to t!1is court ae,--ainst the IIigh Coi.,rrt decision and arc: ro1)r0sontcd by Miss Bigcyo 9 learned Counsel. fror.1 Tanzania LeGal · Cor:)oration. On behalf of the Republic Hr. Mono, loarnod Senior State L. ttornoy 9 resisted tho appealo The oviclenco adduced at tho trial was bri0fly as followsi- calloc.l P:.'TJ:.1 MO'JBJ. 9 travelled to, Orni t in Kcmya 9 froo Loliondo 9 on ,13th February 1983. With hiu wore tho two a11ix:lle.;_1ts~ tl-i.o deceased 7 were six p00ple in all. Tho pur'.:_)ose of ·t!10ir going to Orr.1i t, a distance of si:c ~10u.rs walk frof:1 Loliondo, wns to purchc:~so' coods. On the way back P. 1'1 d and P. W. 7 wero rig!rt ahead of t1ie rest, t:lc docoasod carJo next, then I'~ ff o 1 and the two a:ppollan ts wore brinGing tl10 roar. ;., t some point when t:ie deceased was t;.rns alone, the second appellant drew 2 the attention of tb.o first appellant to t~10 pr::isonc0 of t'.20 d.0coas0d 9 and t~10 first appellant ooroly replied 11 Till la torn. Farther on when it was reinini:;- t:10 appellant Ilevenli.;:it told t~·-o a~_:pollant lake.yo to • ca tell up wi tl1 the decoasod a,."lcl foll hi □ to wait so V1e;t t:i.o two 2,rpellru1 ts would JO to a Hasai :iom9sto~cl to f0tch somofainJ to :1rotoct t!1or.1solves fro □ t!..lo rain. .02.kayo t~1or0fore followocl.. t!:..~ cloc;:;c,socl w~1ilo P.!-J.1 ruid HovonliJ1t took covsr in a tl.,ickot to protect tllc1:isolvos from t!1c rain. L li ttlo bit la tor ITovonliG::.i t also 18ft 9 tcicine, t:1::, rliroc tion Zakayo he,d taken. ,-.£tor about ton oinutcs :;-:,. :t.1 followocl tl:.8 1°ost and found t:~o two appellants and tl10 dec0acod toi:;othcr. Tho dococsed was prostra,te on tllG gTound 9 blooding frou bolo\v tho cb.in 9 and appa.I'ontly lifoloss. Tho first ai)po).lant 1-ras holdj.ng a 11 8ir:iorr soilGd wi tl1 fr0s~1. bloocl, w:1ilo th.e second appoll2,nt was arr:iocl with a club. W:ion P. ~T.1 nskod t~:,.0 a:;;ip0llants why they had kill0d the deco2,sod, t:10 second a:1p01lant retorted "Shut UIJg '.To can kill you too". Tho first ap:p0llant soa..rcb.od t:.1.0 docoasod' s pockets and took out somo r:ionoy w!1ilo tho second 2-})pollant took t;10 ;-oods t:10 docoasod had boon carrying and put tl.lor.i. w-i t:1 his own lUf,c;aGO• .£. rlasai woD2.n roac).10d upon tho scone. Hore about llor later. Loavin;; th2-t scono tl10 trio 9 t:12, t is P. 'l. 1 and. t~10 tuo appollan ts 9 walked on until after dark fall whon t).:i.oy a.-rrivod at a plE~co called r.!akalasinge w:tero they loft so1:10 of t!1oir lug-32,t~D and sor.10body gave thor.1 a torch wJ:1ich they used to continue with tl:oir journey llouo. They roa.c:10d Leliondo at about ,0 p.r.1. P. IT. 1 wont on to tell fao trial .court tl·:2,t on t:1.10 .£!01101:rinc; day h0 rolatod to his unclo 9 P.J.5~ vrha,t hen tr2.nsi)irod J.urin3 thoir journ0y b2.ck fron Ormi t,. W.ien t:10 next de.y ho and the two c,ppollants ucro arrostocl P,'il.1 spilled tho beans to the Police. rcprosentod by i''.ir. Ifoilinyi Defonce Counsel fron t~10 Tam~;::nia Lcsal Corporation, ::ilocto(l to sey notllin 0 in t:::-,oir clGfonco 2,ncl cc.llod no wi tnosses. ::..11 t;·Lo t:1reo 2.ssossors si ttint;; 1:ri tl1 t'.10 jud, ,c oxr_c1rJsscd tho opinion' t:.22,t bot;,. a~pcll311tG wore e,uil ty ,.,f ,.TLi:rclcr cm:~. one of tI1on ad.clod tJ.:.o view t~_,at tl}.O two a:Jpollents killed. t>.o d.0002,scd so 2,s to steal hif;3 r:1onoy 2,nC::, ot~w:r p:ropo:rty. tiiss Bigoyo :ias tried to assail tho docisio,1 of ih-J I:ibh Court. Hor r.1ain c;Tovnds of complaint ::1ro twos TJm t :r. U. 1 wa,s M accoi.1plic<;:, and secondly t'.:1at t!10 Prosecution evidonco '.12,s sor.10 inconsistoncios, Sho assorted t:,2.t 2. :r. 1 1:1iJ1t nir,1sclf ~1avo boon involv-:c.. Ilo we,s vr:i. t?.: t!1c- appellants du:ring t'..10 allc{;Od incidont nncl I10 ucs arrostod by t!10 I Police t1-ro da;ys after t~~e killinc.;. T!w inconsistoncios 1liss J3i 0 oyo ~1ad actuc:lly tcl<.:on 1,laco. The:ro was also t:20 question 2-s to vr~;.ot:1;r tho two a:;_J11cllants had i-mapons wi t~1 t'1or:i at tho scone~ f·. '.l .1 s2.id they h2-d, record as sayin,; tllat the a:1pellants had 110 weapon. ' For his part Hr. Lono su1)portocl tho conviction and subi:ii tted t:1at t:10 0vid.0nc0 of P. rr. 1 9 .-rho 110 suicl was not an accon:i,ilic0, w2,s ,to sor.1O extent corro;:ior2,t0d by t::ie tvstimony of P. 'fl.2. '.Tc ~ave carefully considorod tlw ovidoncc on rocorcl 2J1cl I' t::10 arc;v.I:1onts advanced. \h th rGGJ:)ect 1 wo do not soo how P-,<T.1 coulC:. bo said to bo an acc0i:11Jlico ~ If his story is to bo bcli0vecl 9 he was not a party to tLe plc,m to kill' t;,10 clocoasod, did not ::)nr'ticipato in killinj hira, encl was not oven pr8s:mt w:.1011 ~10 killin,:; took place. he a.:rriveJ. at tho_ scone after t::10 ,wont~ That :10 continued, to we,11( with 0•111,:a.00/40 .....;_;:.:~, 4_ tl1c aJpollants is undcrst2..ndablG. Ho l1ad. boon t'..1roatoned wi tb doath and a:,?1,arontly the area wes st1~an6C to him. :S:o had o::c:p::;_~cssod sl1ock at nl1at ~10 saw anc.1 9 accorc.lin.::, to hio 9 he tole'.. his uncle u'..1on l10 t:_;ot I'1.0L1Jo T.Iis noro yroson~G at t~1c scene and :::tis carryin£:; on· wi t:.1 t'..le ,•/' ;I apj_)olla.rits in t~10 circur.1stc:;,nc0s do not constitute hii:1 an accor.1plicc. ,:. Tho L:2.rnod trinl judge was s2,tisfiGd t::at ?. TTd 1 was a cr::;diblo wi tnoss and we t:1ink so too. '--.• ··.1 's assertion t:12,t t:10 two 2:_)polJ.ants wero in his cor:lJ.)c:i.ny froi:i Kenya was· corrobor2,tod. by 1xlfa I'. ;. 3 9 a clc2-rly d.isintorostcd 1x1rson. Thon t::oro ,:-as also t;:,.J ovicL:mco of .? • :r. 4 \TILSON D,..RUSI w:.1ich ;i.vos clce,r crodoncc to 'il10 tostinony of P. '.!. 1 rocarcling their stoppinG at a cort2.,in place 18avin:; soi:10 luc:::,2-(:,1~ t:1or0. P. "T .. 4 w2,s tl'l.:::i r:12.n 2.t I'.ic:.kalaoinu1 who aL,Toed to koop t:·10 first a:pi>ellant' s luc;caeo and givin~ to trio a tord1 • ... s to w"!lotl10r or not P. ;l. 1 oado a r0~1ort to llis uncle 9 r .. :;r. 5 9 t:10 learned trial juclJe j_)roforrod t;.o version of P. :r. 1 to tl;.1;-:. t of P. :! • 5 and ho i;ave onc;agint.:; ro&.sons for his findin 0 • :-To t'.1ink. it is incrodi ble t:'J.a t P. ~f .1 s~wulcl toll :1is 1.:mclo tlla t · t)c1~0 hnd 1Jo~m a r;iis1 1a:p w~·1.ic!1 i;:iado t~10. two a:;::,pollw ts t~1roe. ten hin wi t:1 d.0n tll c'..nJ. j'C t P. Ii. 1 did not toll hi;::1 wlla t it war; all about and :'.1. !l. 5 9 on his 1Jart 5 clicJ_ not :.uwo t:ie curiousi ty to want to know t:10 cletails of t:io ·mis.1.1ati~ :re arc satis:fiod · that "'...·.~-r.5 l1Gld back sonot:1inc and tl1at P~J.1 told. t:10 truth about this. ::ro wis:.1 now to consider tl1c evidence of tJ.:o liasai lady, P. :-r. 2. 1Iiss Bic;-oyo :.1as se,id t:.12,t 2. '!. 2 contradict0c: ;_. '.T .1 on the question of w!10thor or not t:ie a:ppollants wore ar1:ied.. Loc::.rncid Counsol subr;ri -'.ted that ?.~f.2 said they ·wore not. :-fit!1 ros:;,ect 9 P.·r.2 did. not say t!1at and ·w2.s al)parently not E~slwd t!1c.t qv.~stion. '.f.:,at ~i. :I. 2 did say about OQ00-et1g/5o Al •', ~ 5 this was t~1at t:10 s0concl. a];l,ollant was not carTJinb c1 u02-.i:1on. It is probably siv1ificcmt t~1at ~-.·:.1 s2.'id w:12-t t'.::.o second appellant 1-r2,s cnrryin.; was a club and it is conceivable that to P. :r. 2, a Easai wone.n 9 a club boin;:,· carriocl by a nan is such cor.1;:1on place t½.a t sllo, did. not re;;2.I'd. it as a weapon ;:ni.rticularly. T;'.l0 otllor dianonsion of Pe:!.2 1 s tostinony is r,1orc ir.1portant - that t:10r0 vrcr0 t~IT80 11crsons wi tl1 t].,.e clo~d. bocly 9 just D-S P,.J.1 said. Sho said. at t:1•0 ic:0ntific2.tion '.p2.rade sho idontifiocl t~e two appellants w:1eroas ?.:r.1 so..id sl10 idontifiod. hio? P.~l.1 and t!10 first appellnnt. P.1-l.2 oi,:?1t have for~ottong :Many days had passcc1. 9 2,s she told tb2 trial Court. It is true 9 _as Kiss Bi 3oyo sr..ys 9 t:1e, t t'..10 C~oi,li st I s jfo:;,)or t was inconclusive. With respect howovor 9 we do not t:.1ink anythini; r.iucl1 t1-irnocl on t!::i s. Once P. Tl. 1 ' s story 9 , S'L'-lJi)ortod as it was as we have nttoni,tod to s!1ow 9 is e.ccoptec:, as i,t was, and qui to ri~1tly in our view,· t:'.lo conviction of t!10 appollan,ts was sound. T:.10 concluct of the app0llants s:...ortly bof oro t!1e killint'.:;' 9 · and e£torw.e.rds 9 loaves no, doubt t!10,t they wore brot~1or-in-crir.1c 9 acting in concert one ui tl1 tho other. ~fo also tako into e,ccount t:1.0 fact t'::i.at tho a 1_;p01lants oloctod. to adduce no evidence in their clcfonco in :tho f2.co of all tais.. Ono is onti tlod to draw a.n adv,.:irso inference in ton:1s of section 293 ·(2) I of t;.10 Criminal Procedure f~ct. O(tfjo•o•/60 ", - -- 6 Tho ap~)Gal lacks r.1ori t end is accordin.;ly disuissod. ' t . DLT.,JD e,t .i,.;.1USH..:~ this 30th day of 3o::;itcmbor 9 1988. A. l.'if~'.3T;ili'L l1e_. C:UL"'ill!' JlJSTIC:O L. rI. T,'.[l'J([.J.li: , Ju':JTIO.;J OF d._,P3i~L ..,..,_ / :~ 1 "' ,. . ~41 l ·,~"' , .a·") ·rr ICT'"~il.L\:\...1.£.~ .:: "' '· e o T>.,rir ··---.,. cJ1J,,:,'J:1IC:.J OF tiJlI'.J;..L , ,, ... ,.. '"- -! !- \ ,I cortifY: that 't:1is is a true copy of tlw orii:;inalo . _. ,:___ /IL~:_! __ ~~ \ ·;;,· ~-- Tr. ',"'1"1fT!r T~'·'1>JiTTIT/ ) ,( .J.:.J• !·fe, .1..\..• -'l.U.L,....J.\J.;..l u.,.-i ·D.:ill?DrY R:.::JGI;.:.iTIL:11. ;-:::·· .;...,.