19890331 TZCA Dar es Salaam4

. . . .:-""·.. ;.~• ' --• "\. ",) ~'J.' THE ""COURT OF APPEAL OF . T.~~NIA . . AT DAR ES .SALAAM ,', ... . ~r.,,. ' '·.~•-1.l-..• -.: ·-• (CORAM: - ~ 1 < , 1 . ~ . 1 -lUSANGAi J.~And ?MAR, J.A·.') · , ,' ;.'~,..,.. . ,. I. . . ' . • ,. ;, • • • ~ , ' I ~ ; . . '·: CRIMI.NAL APPEAL NO •• 1.1.4 O~· 1988,. ·.· ..,, :\~( . . .: ... --_; ~.. . . ~ · , ,_-:. .;~· .. ~·,,.., :;,. .._ · THE D:I~CTOR -OF PUBLIC PR0S~CUTI.0N~. :.• · • ·APPELL{\NT ·. 0 '. ·,,.. VERSUS '• :<~ · :: , ~ 1 ~· \. MANFRED L~ }W>INGA. • • • • • • • '\• ·• .;RESPON~~~T': < ,l~""l.f., (Appeal_ from the Acquittal, of~~e Hig~ C~t.. •. " "--' . of Tanzania at·~songea]: • , · ; : ·.\ · '\~ . ~ ::· }--. t -~ ,..' (Kazimoto, ·J.) .. , .- . , . . • . . . ... ' ,'\' .,i;, • I ►'__, . r dated ~he 13th day.of June, 1988 •, 4 I ., . C~iminpl . ' Session, Caso No. 1g 0( 12e,. JUDGMENT OF THE. COURT .•• .-- I' . 'i'., . ··The respondent was charged• Wi-th and ·co,nyic ted of'. ~e Offe~e .6f ManslaughtEi~r~ry-"-t.O- se:cu~~S··Of~ ~e fenai ·-~•de·•. -~ -~a~:- ;cquitted· and. ~e Dic:~c:tor of. Publ"ic Pros~cutipns on behaif o/~th14) ' ~ .... • . ., • • + • \ I •••• ., • ·" .- h,,· ' ' ,I' ' . 11, ', /' '"',,.· ....... ~t-·• ~publ~: _is appe~ling. ~ r, ,, ., t _; ' ..' .. ·• , .., ~ " .._, . "•\, . - ~ ..... •., · • \' ~.. • :• • ,J ·. The f.act.s of the prosecution case are" that on the evel)i.Jlg Of ,_,. ··~'"· ., . ·-~ ..... ,.. ~I . . · . . ~ -.;.;-.,v- ,.. · ."' 19~-8/84 d~ceas~ Mari~ta Ndunguru and·,her.·husbapd'the..r~si;~~enf we~ . ;· l:,. ,: . ,- . « ' .. ,· ~ < "' T ,J ~ • ai:,•.1:he .verandah .Qf._,t~eir hoU'l:ie wx~ th~ir· guest •l:'•~•1 ,AJ:~~.' ~II!-~~. ; I • • • • to •' • • ~ ,/ - •• ,i,. t " • , .i:"\"r,+ ' P.w.1 .. stated that she·was ~ "'! ""·~ invited by Marie'ta-who 'was harf'f1'lend· alid -<: ·. _~. - . : '~. f.~-:: •, .... '; • ·.: . ... .~~,. ,· ..• '. ~;,· '\ i.,.· •" ,she,~_r1ved ·.1n.., tne1r: hQuse the previoUs day· i.e._ •1~,1~(84: ~f...b:14 ,\ ... :· th~y·_~tr,e. not• ~n.· 13\its. on.._the tc,tef-u1 ·,venln9 11~1 tttrtD~ w,n ~: :the 'houa,·an~ ■oetad in \~I 11vina ~D4m• 'th~• ~fit~ ~ho caMplq ha4 w,, talcaA 1:.heir ba-th- tegdheti and 1110 had i:akOfl thlit d1Mtr.· P.\i ..:1 . ' . ·. . f, . ·. . . . . • . - ·, ., ' .· . • .. . ·'. .:· _ ~.... -:1':· :,;~,:n ~,~w .1.~e;-'~p~l~~t bri,~~ng ~~~~!_to~ .•~it~e~~~·~: ~;'.~.--~_.:81:~ ·:0 (, -.. . _,, -~M-~en by P~W-1 (the only eye witness t<>;'-~e incident) taking ou.t : ':118 ·m~gazine from ~e,rpis~t ~~:-~i~n~g:it:.:th;·~~-hi~t~~d't·f~"J_n~Q '~ ·~ . . . . ' :--, ' . . -... ~ ,, the pistol.. Then a shot was heard and Mari~ta cried . that sha·.:was, ' ' . . _. ' , • s° '• .-, • • • ' ,- • • • I ,r ~ .. ·\ 7,1 ~y~n~""J ~e s}\o.t.,hit ·t:he d~eased oni her righ't s1de-•und$r:'the ,ai-m:- ._. .pi~•. t~~f s~~·: WOUlc! .~·!!~ ~~-~ .~h~j~~ if·.iie-w~i_;~~~-;;~•- . . l~;~-~~fWar4~ · "st~:·c1e~~a!~~d ~ f , 'aQ<i l\e~s~lf··,~;~ -~i~il·.~6ri ·~ ..~ "" ·• ~ I • _ ~ h_, ~ .,.. · ~ • • .. . . , _ ..... pc:,.ach ,c:J:.ose• to each· ,other .and she 1?aW the 'pistot~unied· 1~rd.s':ttia ✓• - ...... , , 8'* in answer to the question by··the court -P...;W.-1◄- a.fated .... : .;.. . •. i ,, --- ... ' • .,... .·' . • • ... .... ,, • • • .,, • deceas!!d.. .. . .. ' .• . .. I ' - ,. •. • • _...; ·!ha~ _r,e .~ag~~d~e _wa: not -~~~~~e~ •~ .th~ .'P~~~?;L~~- .-:.•i•·•_•I~~ ~, . "" ... -:- ' t,~ ,. . ... ,... ,1 ),1 ..,,,_ "-.A-.. ,.r- 1 • (, -'• ♦ .. ~:\ .. .,, ....... ~ ,·( C ' ~ ~ '· 0 0 .... .. ..,. .. " ,·', _;_ ,\... . • " \ 1,., ~ • V ~ "t. ."":. • '•' o . ' ·-;~-~,>-.. ::.y:iE~~; "'; ·:. +~- ~·-·., - . .:.... fir..:J!- •• ~~- '. ,...... , ~;i._ ... ,1.",t1'' :,.;,.,.,ii'-••=~'"':~.:, . . .~-~-? J ,"'' • :~~ I,.,..,•-•~ ..• ~ T ~- >. ~ • ' -~. I • ~; ) ..,.. ... ',,"'. I t .. 1 r ,<1. I \ ... I "" ,,. I The ~e'spOndent in his def'en~e stred •that there was o~ ·· : misung bullet wM,ch_ he. did not find in the magazine as.he ~k-it1__ _,_. '"··' ~ut to_cJ..ean it and he picked up the pistol. to see if it was :iri the_: .. ·. ' i -' ... . ,"f' \ chamber of the pistol when ·it went off: accidentally. . . . I • .. , . I • • • ' . .!.. The ballistic expert who examined this particular pistol · ··.• .. •• • . j . . / . , -~ • ·. .~ . stated in....his_r.e.po.L'..t-<Exh.• _£,,,6). tha:t-when..:th_is .pistol .. was J,oa~ed --· . · • • • .. .;. I ,. • • 11 • • • ~ ... • the cocking piece would -remain cocked to ·show that the weapon ··• 0· I was loaded and no doUbt the firer knewlthat the pistol·wa~ lOaded when . he pulled ,, the trigger. :· I . .! . \ .' . Further he said in his report that. the ,.action Of pull~ back: ·: .. . . ·j . t • • • .• the pistol' .siide' was always dOne intentionally,; ~tnd co~;d·-'n•t be Aone · • • • • ' • ; • • ••'• ' • I '\t. _,.._. · · ·. ·acCidentally. The o~he~ alterna.tive, ~e report went· on;· ~f lOading~..... . .. . ' . the ammunition to .the pistol chamber could be accomplished by loading .. • 1 .:.----_ · 'niariually "Pull the. slide to fuU' b~clc poa1tfon, apply Ht.qr aatc,h,.·. .'~ load ·the ammun1tton tn ~he chem~•t then l••v~ 1h• pi1tQi ,,· 1iid1 to it1 no~mal poaition, the pi1~a1 i1 :than rnady t~ lu:1 by pulling the pistol trigger" !n his opinion this type of manual loadin!' , was 'always done in:e:tionally. · 1·. ·· -..._.:· ;. . ~... 7 .. - - .' The evidence of .ballist_i<: exp~rt P.W.6 ·was ;eje~ted by·: the '~.,:-~~ learned' trial judge as being based on.'conjecture as he'·could' .. -· . ' not have known_'how the pistol was ma~·pulated that e'IJ~ni'~g by . . . ~ ......~. : the respOnden-t •. ~-l~O- -rejected' . .,. . . t~i-i .part-/f . . .the t~-s~mo~y-ei ..-~. ·, '.'/ .-..... ~ P~W•i when she said· that respondent· pointed 1 the pistol at: the. two , • .. ~,. t . ' . ·- ! .. · ''. women. The evide-nce of. the. re'.spondent .was found more plausibl"e., :. ... and· here- we would quote the finding:s of the learned trial j::~1 : • I•• . ' <' ,,.'! .. judge embodied in his· judgeme~t:~ t 'r. t' 3 Th,e.learned trial judge went further and concluded that thes~ acts Of th_e respondent did not est~lish their Unlawfulness nor did they show men~r-,,. on. his pa~t and so he found him not 9uil.ty._· •\.lblll&had that ,h11'1 . . . · --:~./~··i was culpable negligence which would warrant the·· find~ng of Marislatlt;Jhter •. : :.;.:,/~~;1,: I; .• ' ..), (' ,_..:, :::::~:::.~::.::;:~::~:~:::::::::~•:~am::::::td +.:. not certainth 9 t that knowledge was communic~ied to/ the respond~n~_ . :-:,'._t_:;,f.~.:.1.•.·•··:' . ;_"'.i_ ::._. '· or even acquired by himo There are matters kn~wn to th~ ballistid ".. ,J' '"l ------- . -~. ~'\(~11:;:- ~xpert that may not be known tsotutdhyein·lgayfin!raena.rm•' ·s:r, timnusadtd-bei·t_inoonctet·do--hthi-ast-- he spent l½ years in u~ S.A. . . , '. 't'::~:~~i :.f\I'-i: already .acquired knowledge and experience of ballistics~ Pitted jt":{.\(li.' against thi~ report Of the ballistic expert is the simple exp1:anation : \.));}f of the respondent that he _merely touched it when it went off. W~ :,:~K:df do .not know in· what state ·of readiness the gun ·was and unk;nown by. ,- , . ·,t\t ---r- ... ~:,,,. ~ ..:; . ...~;;;::~- f'; the ra.spondent, when he touched it and it fired.· Defineteiy the ··• ~~ ··· . ~ respondent was fiddling with it and ~e must have tOi.iched some ,{}'.)::~ . .. · ..It;').'; ~adget or the bther. I ; ~ ' ~;~(:~:, ·. .-, :· t; (~/·•;,:.., . 1,·•.;·' not bean proved. Wa uphold ~u1~ondent•1 acquittal and di1111i11 !', -~c ... :l~ .,l -c 'the appeal. r ,, .... ij,:,. - •,. ,'«-I' ·,·. ·•~. ~ .... ;.:.~-- -:;_\~ , ♦\.) . ~ ·. ·. ~-'\"-,:.·. !; I • A. M.A. OMAR JUSTICE PF APPEAL - . ,.... ,'. . . / _/:~: \:. :C certify /Jiat this :1.s -a· t~e copy of the or~gtnal. ( . ,·, 1. r ·~ ·,. '. \, ,I'-.... ;(,,' '"-· •, ,,.._~~-- .\ .... ~I•~~~::) ~· .,.r .. '. ~- 1;_::~f ;: •• ;,.·,,4,,..;,.,, .•.,_,··,,.· ,;-,':.-:· ~~\, ' ~: _--·~~~:~· :'-'· ,~:. :-: I· ....... .. ,.... ' f' ' -'; • _,,,.,