19891127 TZHC Dar es Salaam

IH TI-ill HIGH COUHT OF ~~:~Hz...m.:,. .1:.T ];.Tl BS SALJ..JJ.,,1 I J1.PPI:LL... TE JUHI SDI CTI ON (FrJrJ tho Ori~innl Cril::d.n::il Co.se No. 362 .?f 1988 :;f the llistrict Court of Ilnlc. Distr±ct 2.t Kisutu •• ,) MOHiJfii:.DI MSOM.i1. • • 0 • 0 • • • • 0 • • versus THD UNI TED IillPUBLI C 0 0 0 • • • • • • • • • lGJ.SPON.iJEH·r JUD G I-.1 E.N T RUGOONGIHA, J • The D..Ji,oll::-.n'i:; wc.s c ..mvicto ..1- •Jf ;jl:;to.inin:. . LlJnCJ' by fr-.lso :;_:,rdwnc.is c/s 302 ,)f tho Pcno..l C )(le ['..n:: wo.s sc.:nt1.;nc_,,_,_ tJ thrue: y<.:o.rs 1 ii:.iJrisjm_h;nt. Th0 cho.rcc 0ricinally inclu.:0.:.: tw; 1->0rs .,ns 1 tl18 o.~1i.Jullc.nt o..J!~·uc.rin~; t'.S uccusecl ib.2, 1Jut th0 first r.:ccuso2 wo..s ncqUi ttcc.. It he.cl 'bc-.:n o.118,_,cd thct on 19th IPcLruc.ry ,1988 r:t Msnsruu Milor.,sJ.1:)ni in Der s S2.lo.2.ci, th..: tw.) )l}tnini_;~~ 60,000/= ·fr.Ju ,;110 Julius Ms:;r) ( the c >-..J.~,lo.in::~nt) ~)Y f'o.lsely rnpr0son tin.. ; thc.t th1:;y C,)uld mtl ti 11ly the ;J mey.- Th;:; l!ury :.:,f the C::'.30 iS c. tyj_iic;·,1 8Xcm:_.10 '.Jf wlmt hns CvrJ8 t::i be lcrl·)\:D QS 11 utnpt:li 11 • ThiS tern~ ,I un~lorst:-i.n.:!., cncompnsscs all f.;rns of trickory nnd c.rtifice pcr:;,,etrntc: f :Jr Ln.in. 'i'he: c mi.,lnin~mt wc:s n WGL"'.or ~::m::d c;t Tenok~ in Dc.r us Sc.loo.r:i. His busin"'ss wc.1;; n·Jt d ,iin~; well 0...11l1 h(; wo.s 112.Vil'l(; J.J::C,J:.;lGi:IS with his 11-:2.l th. Th-.: first c.ccuso:.. wc-.s lri.s busini_;ss n<:i...;hbour cs won ns o fri'-'rnl. Tho lf'.tter n.J.Vise:2. thu c.x1Jl::immt t .. sou nn exi:,0rt f.Jr trentra'""nt end clennsin·; in-:!co.: h0 intr:1ducod thi..:- c.J,.1Jl2.inc.nt t.) the f:\~):._.,ullent t'..S such oxport. It s..,1.1us th::-.t t1:d.s t,, k plnco nt the be:,_;inn:i.n.. ,)f 1988. I so.y it sc ... ns 1.)ofnusc tho ... viJ.0nco is fo.r fr,m .clor:.r or c.)nsistent. Mc.kin,_ thu h'-'st of thu situati m tho c,,1J~•l2.im'.Ilt ·c:,;.;:._100.ts t:; sr:.i th~~t Jn 1..Jeinc j_ntr. 4•:~uccd t,> the 1 r.i)i_.,Gll,.~t the 12.ttcr· :JTOj_J:)sefl -th::t they ueut in tht! cvcninto· et o. c;mveyc;rd in Msnsruu. T110y ra..:t t!1e1~c just c.ft..:r 7 P• □~ It was u.c.rk. Tho c.l_.;~.vll2nt thon !Jurnt incense. In c. i.l.')i.1unt tho C)t;i~;l.'..,in~mt he~'..TL'. v .1icos, sur,~)DSc,~ly v.;icos :;f C.l;Jello.nt l.!-.;clo.rej thc.t th~ c.mi;lnino.nt 1 s busin-.:ss. on.2. h"'o.lth pr)l)lons he.cl boon dio.t;n >SGd. He a.<lvisoll tho c::u;;lo.inc,nt t _. rutu:rn f,)r an::ithe:r socci in nft,:;r o. w-::ck. i'he c.mi_;lo.ir.c.nt went 1Y.ck o.ft8r tw.J weolrn nJ:..,c:-.r0ntly in the c:Jt:1;,.-lr11y of b·:th o.ccuscc.. It is n.Jt cl0c.r whcthur he ujt on:)thcr 1 trontr.11.mt' :JUt we nro r..t 1~r.8t t ,L'. t}J;".t hi..:- w,·:s ·n ;w ,:.skoJ wh-.:thcr h0 h:J.2. 1:1. 1wy f.,r th<J trcnt ... mmt. He Jil n 1t lr:,vo c:ny ::11..:. vcn cc1Viso,l t,) fincl it .Jr furnish tvn ••••/2 •,. / ,if- .... ,... 2 " l ;i:lt&r fal~11..1,.; •t,io.G. tho. i.: _,n1,lmnont s )ld o. volucl0 f )r 80~000/= onu. t 110 n-t ,nl ln.nt - . :'t t. , lcn.JW :·f th'" c1eol. My ficlclicul tics with tho oviC.cmcc .... •·.·· ,..,. m•. ;y .. ,; •·•·--•_:, ·~• ••• /1_ J__.L:--·. ~-- .•.•. -- 0 1."· ~•c• , •• •\..... ,,y t,u.; .~it Go t; wh.__.t f .,.lL.1W1;1cl. 0"" M • ".:) M,hrn:wcl CCX.lG : : t h :,QG c,.n_:. f .JUlll [1(; o.nu .Jl1 tho SQlJ.C clny □ ct o.t th..:: city centre 0.11,"!. th<-~t r.1y lucky stc.r hr.s '.)9on f JunJ. ..n(1 I w::,s cc.ll0L"!. t.J th1.; j_)l[~c.::: 2nd he c.o.vc iilC: the le:ttor (Ny ,tc. y::,k.J ir,10kwisho. .;,n,;kr;nc.) • :i: went o._-c,in f,.Jr fec.r of S~)i:ri ts o.t Mso.sr,ni :::.nJ tho.t n)w tlu.11i.~s c ,uhl G•°J well since I hc\•l m)noy which uust o.ul ti~;ly • I wo.s solicifo.l into -~c.ki11<_:; th1.; r::i..,noy f:.::r 1uckin0ss - 11zisafishwc ili ziznc 11 .,_ Thu j_)r:sso.~c: su:.:.~c~ts th:.:t thu f'.:i_J~,e::11[,nt intensified his rclJre:scntc.ti.)nS wh..::n h,.; !)1.;C.::-.00 c,W;,ro .:-:i: thc; c Jrli?l~:in~:nt I s fin:::cinl st.:.n~~inc •. Thu c Ju...;lt:'.in.:J1 t ~ clo.:i.ucJ. to ho.vo t::-J::on 60 1000/::: c.n2. t hc.ve ~J~cn o.ccx1i,r..ni1.;1..~ ~:;y hi.s y :.un;~ br ,thcr me TC·);_,>h::-.n l\Is JrJ. ;.t tll0 c~r:.,voy,.1'-:. hv L:cve th0 u m0y t.J the: c.J:;_.;.;11:-:nt wh.) l,:i,:. it ,m o. t .ra:). Th0 t,~,;_.,1::ll~:n, t thun nsl-::1.;C'. th..: c :iu,_.il,:,inc.nt t,) brine incu11s0 c.11•2 1Jcrfrn;10s f.,r cl0m1sin:..., the G1-;ney • Whon he C.cli vurvd th"sc nrticlos tho f lll .iwin. ,:2.;y hu t.:l-.i thc-.t thv pr.)Cl.;S/J vv :ull tf'Jc(, C'. wodc. In tw ·. :..c.ys it d.c-.wne ..~ m th0 c 1:l)lcin~nt t~1:,t hu h.~--~ :_;1.;,.m swin•.:'.l0d ... }ic, 1 c.0u(•.rnk .., :,r-1ck lus z.1muy 1.)Ut thv 0~1~1olL,nt t ;l~ hii..1 it w:,s With thu spirits. ,, .. , t·n·v "._,-J!c; IIn c.,\:;\;U. -~--- ,11~cl.1Lo·'-- W-.. ,..1. ..• t ) 'rn. ··-,s s···. 1,.V1.; 1.;·xt "'·"'1,c;'"' ,., .... ' ,n,u{ll: n 1 ,.;., .. t-110 ·r 300/-- IrJl:.l ~ c. Lii1ln.in:-.nt r:s c. fee tJ to.lk t the spirits. In th,.; un-.: tlw c ) □~)12.int~nt ru;_.,,rte~ th- u,ttGr t~ tho ~,lic0. The: CJ~;c:llc.nu ~.ic1 n.;-i:; t1..;n-tii'y 1 t:::l0ctin:.., t , n:,s1.::nt hir:isulf c.ftcr th.:.; cl. ;sc .)f th0! i)r 1s0cuci m cr.Gc 1 n.Jr clL'. his counsul n~,~-'-'£>.r, Th:.t c1iu n0t Jeter th0 trinl C ;urt Which pr)COOC:.C:u t•.J C _invict thG C'.l)j_)Cll211t ns C'.f JTCSC!.i·.l,. - The se1,10 ·counsel cn,:)\_;Gcl b/ th0 o.J;_,011::--.nt r'.t the tri~'.l clrcw c.i1.2 fil1;.;,·. thu i)Ctitim of c.;,i:;_.,u::l ;,ut Jh1 n.,t r1j.)l)G,'.'.r c.t th1.; ht.:t:.rinL;• Suffice; it t) s2.y thc.t thi.: i)llti tion c ,nsistc~~ .)f tlU'0c. c.ir ·un,:s, m:uely 1 th:::-.t tl10 O.:i_)~;ullnn:t wo.s n ..it c.:i von nn ._;>Jortuni t;? t.) llcv.::n,1 lut.1svlf 1 tb,'.t tih0 j,)T;Js-.:cuti .,n hf'..,;. n.Yt estc1;-lish0c. its cc.so '.J0y .:n-:::: 1·0:.:s.)m'.;,lc: cl iu;)t 1 r.:.11,:. tlr.t th0 oViC:..::ncc wwss sho.ky c.n.::'. cr'-lle:~'. f ,r co1'r. ;.;-)r(·.ti m •. I think the.: c lr:t:.lc.int in th0 fi:u.,t :.....r .unc is n,Jt justifiu.:. Tho rcc)rJ )f the; tric.l c.Jurt 10: .vu3 11Jt c.Llubt thr_:t th0 o.i,i.--'-'11:,nt w,,.s ~i. vcn th0 JJl.1,)rtuni ty t · J.clon1 hiu.sdf Lut Ji:l nlt tdcc it UJ:i, cl1.;ctin(. t,) o.bsc:nt lunsefl. Jn thC: 0.:_):i_).)il1tCd ~ky. ·.. In the: circuoStC'.llCc.;S thc. tri~l C.)urt W~:.S justifi-.:t: in )l~ !CC0•.::.in:_. t 1 ~Jr jll)lU1CL. jU,'.;_.D,mt With )U'G 11.v~Tin._, thu O.>jell;-s.nt. The pr-Jce :'.urc vr:s fully r.,uth0riooc:. ny the.! i.)l',JviSi .,ns .)f s. 227 .Jf the Criuin:·.l Pr,)codu.:rc ;~ct ru1--'. t~1v circuL1st:-:11c0s justifiu:'. recourse the:r0to, To th:..t oxtent 1 thur0f ,r1.; 1 I :·u unr.'.)lu t) sr.,y th:·,t the: trh,l c,-.,urt crrc,:. I will next c msi20r thu thii'<.1 ,;r,,ui1c.1, thu sue mc1 er iunc:. :)oinc u.c;;cnc~unt :;n this •. • •.. 3/ • 3 ·-- I nust o.:)nfess thc.t in tho circur.istc.nc .... s of this cr.:so th;.; thircJ.. t~r . un·.:'. nssu,..J.()S :;;oculi~.r si__:nificcrico. ?orhr.-.~,s I sl:rn.1.L: stn.rt ;)y j_nintin1~ mt thc.t ·thv c XJ~,l::-.indmtv1r-.s the only wi tnoss fJr th'-' Jr)ccsuti "Jn. Mr. Kyuki, lo(·.rnG..:. i:3t,:.te .Attornoyt ric;htly su~uittL<'. th~t in lr.w tl10 evi;_1.cnce; Ji .m0 witn0:;=is, if :.>cliuvei.l, is sufficiill'.lil t~> fJunS:1 c. c )nvicti.m. r· nls,J nt;r\.!u Yli th h:i.u tho.t thorG is no n1.:ce:,::ii ty f.)r CJrrJ;,,)rntinc.: every witness. But it f )ll;)WS by iui)licc:ti )11 tlr:t there cio.y C\riso es Si tu-•.ti.m wl10r-.: corr Jb,)r:-.tim:·i is c.esirc;:jlc even if n:Jt nucGs.s::\Xy. I i1c~ve un:i:'Jrtun: .tcly c.;:10 tJ tho Vic\'I th::-.t tlus w~-:s n co.so 0 whorG c:JrroJ)r.'.'.ti ,n ,w-.s u.csiri,:.:10 cmJ I will Jv,.dnstr::-.to why. Firstf of nll, it is true thr:c thu cviJ.ence Jf the c.;:~lic,lo.incnt wr-.s 11 sho.ky 11 b.s ch;:-.r~cd in tho i)Ot:1. ti in )f O.l)i_;uo..l. The recoru. testifies t.) th..; c m;;lC\ihc.nt ts Jifficul tius t ·, ~1r'.k0 .mt n story c.l th:.iu,_;h 110 wc.s tes:e:tfyinc sooa three u:mths or less o.ftor tho o.llc:_:;oJ evonts. He cmntrnJicteJ hiusulf hori:: nnJ thvro, clunsily hoi)i_;~J. fr~,u this t;:i thnt feet, a.s if 11,>t soize<l ,;i' tlw fncts ')f ms :Y,111 exj_;erioncv. 1-.:1:::ivo nll it c:,.ue out in cr,)ss-ox:·.~Jin.'.'.ti.m thc~t ho L1:i.2. n::>t even kn1w V•hun 9 i f :-,,t r,.11, ho po.rteJ. With the r:1-Jncy. I·lis very w:.;rds nl'() c.t~1:1in re:vonlinL• I J.,) .n)t rowe::itur oxc.ctly wh-.:n h0 t.nk r.iy .u.:.ncj • .'lf I au n,;,t rJistdccn it WC'..S so.turC.ny. It wns 1..i)ril. I ( tm) n.)t sure 1988 • .,. Dcys hc.s j_)O,SSOJ., I hC'.Ve f,)r1.;)tton. It iS Cs L:.nc tiw..: Since oy uJney wr-.s st ..;lon. It is Fo~rw::ry 1988,. it is 11.)"G J.i.:i_::,ril. Tlns crJss-exm,ri.n.'1ti.m t J ;k j_)lC'.Ce in June 1988 1 'but this w:,s o. 11 LmL. tioe 11 fr .Ji'.1 Fo~lruc.ry .Jr• .i..Jril, 1988 c.cc .1r.:1in t.j th0 c m:,_.,lcj_n::·.nt. How, when w~:s tlw 1:.1.)110y t::-.k1.m-Fc:.runry .;r 1•iJril, 1988 ? 0,)ul2. it infc.ct h.·wc been OC'.rlii::r th2.n 1988 sinc0 th0 c,)U~,lf'.inc.nt wr;s n.:,t ovon sure :Jf the y0~'.r ? It oust be obVi.ms fr ;t:1 all tms thet th<.: c m;_.,lc-.in~·1yc wr-.s ouch nn mir...::li..,-c.'.:cll..) chcrc.cte:r thc.t he ·cJul,1 cmly c.ttro.ct or,.nxiety rr-.thor th..':.11 c .Jnfiionce. It is prl:cisuly wh011 D. VJi tnuss is um.·0li::. .l<.: tho.t it :>vcJr.l;JS J.I'Sirot_lGf if n..;t n'-'ccssc.ry1 t > l,J )l~ f ,)r c,..1rr.J]b:v~ ti m. Thc.t si tu".ti Jn l'.iC.. n::11.'tisc here. I -.1.:, nJt wish t) vunturo int:J th0 su~.orsi tit ;US ...;r JU112in~_ ,)f thu o.lle._;0.;. trC\ns:-:cti::.n: thu ;xHi\,,!f in nn~1. ;>r,·:ctico of witchcrdt; yot it ifJ o.lS:) t<.:u,;tinr: tJ c.sk whl;tll0r c. j;,Crs.)n wh ..1 bcli<c:vcs in th·,; r.,:.ili ty of I tr:lkinc, t-.)t1bs 1 1 rGthcr tb['.!l Jili, :.:..nt w :irk, t0 rnu ti~,ly hiG f irtunos hc,.s thc.t 2.o:.,;rt:e .of I re.ti Jnnli ty which CC'.11 CY::i.:wnJ i tsz;lf t.J thl_; c.mfL~l..)11CG jf c. C·.>UI't .').f lr:w. Hhon wo turn t.J 1.) ,k L)r· corr:,)r::'.ti ;11 7 it i8 nh..:lly c.'.JsGnt. Mr. Kyuki :J.L[',,in .:.i'..:,se:rvc"1. thc.t tho suttin.:.., J1· th(.; c.llc:..,0:.l trCJ1S.'.'-CtLm - c. ::~r:--.v0y,;ru 1 011 n. Jnrk ni(.;ht - cxclu~'.uC: the ~,)nsiLility corr j:,.:,r,.ti..,n. I {lt:l n.:,t so cortr-.in. It suu1:1s ti i'.1~ tll;:-.t tJ.1.j svttin1.:; n.;t1'ii-~hst. 11.:"..in;__•c Jl'r ,inr:--.ti ~n lvft f.;r thv cni:lvzv-~us in th-.! c ir.1:;c2iy ·.11 ll:is y J1.ll1J l;r.;thur~ TcJ,;lK·11 l'J:G.>r:). One voul,1 lrvu 0xp1,;;ctoJ. Te ..:pll;:n tJ wi tnuss ,th" trr'.ns:. . ctLm, '.Jut he w.-·.c n'.)t. to • •• • • •/ 4 ., .,• Tho extent to which thv c'Ju.,lnino.nt c0uJ.d be tnnt::uisinl; oven in this roo.,rd is n1;air, undersc,)rou. by his own worcll!l• M,.;ney wc-.s in n buncllo. He diJ. not count, tho ::i.ccuscd No. 2 But I t.Jld hia tlmt it wns 60,000/=. When I bL: hir1 tlmt it wc.s 60,000/= Topphc.n huurd. I wtmt with hit1 but left bin behinu. V/hon I hru1decl the u.mey he wns n:)t there, but Hl-:icn I loft hJrlG with Shs. 60,000/= o.y br-,thcr c,cC;) □j_Ja.11i0cl hiu (sic). Besiuos r.w, n,) .me else will testify t, the effcc_t. In sh)rt there C,)uld be n•J corrob:)rc,ti m in this cnse not boc::.uso of tlle peculiur set tine but lo.rggly been.use the c,)t:lj;>lo.inMt hir1sclf a.cti vely reu,)vcd the possibility Jf it. Al tenc-,ti vely, arn.l rnst probo.bly, he lieJ o.liout tho whole thin(3. He could n~t tc:kc lu.s brother nll ths:; wo.y t,-; th0 c;ro.vcy~,rJ. only t!) uiscnrd hio when his nctur:.l _enc . mhtcr with the Witch ru1,J. tho pf'.ssin~ of the r.Lmey. It a.11 coos to sh:)W hJW tlon0 0r·ms it wc.s t.J roly on the c.,DJ1c.in::-,nt 1.s 1.Jnre W•Jrd. I hnvo thcr...,fo:ce insufficient tu estnl.Jlish thc.t the a.p:.,,ell::mt obta.ine;J 60,000/= or o:ny or.i.)unt fr,o tho C)O.Jla.immt. _ Thnt, in oy view, is sufficiont t0 diSi_;ose of the nppec..1 but thoro is one tn:ve r,spuct Df tho cnsc Which uu-st l,0 nJ.-lr'"'ssecJ.. Tho inconsistency .;f tho couplfl-: inn.nt •rn:·Jces it uifficul t to cJ.ctcrr.une the ;;:,urJosc of tho umvy ,- if o:rry o;·mey wo.s pc.ssed. At one tine we nrc ci ven t.:; unllerstnnd thc-.t he was requirod tJ ,find □oney ti) po.y f:)r h:i.s trontr.wnt 8.n;J oven t·J furnish L.;Uarnntors if ho CJulJ not do so iuuecliritely. But when t:nnoy is finnlly f ;unl it is n,)t pn:i..:.l f,1r .the trentr:.iont but is now solici tecl f:Jr uul ti:i;;licntion. 11~or ,)D.C thinG, this _.:i,nconsistency is . ,. , yet nnohcr illustrnti."Jn of tho extent to which the cooplninr.i1t cbulu. be unrolic,blo But there is nn,>thcr o.spcct to it. There is n v.::st cliffcr--nee in lr-.w between obtnirdni.:, r.nney ns n fev f~,L' n P\ll'i.J,)iti'tcd tr0;ntu,.mt n.n1~ o'btc.nininc the so.r.io fl1 the pur.i:'•..)Se of nul tiJlyinc it f )r the L';i ver. In the f Jraor C'.'.S0 tho .cci:.:;icnt <Jbtnins n.'.;t ,)nly 1-ossessi:m but nlso (;wnorshij.J ,Jf the: n,mcy; in tho lnttor :i;;..:,ssessi0n only but n,)t ownership is o\Jto.inuc1, it '!.;einc: un,lorst.nu thnt the ounoy w:;uJ.J be restored -nnd pdSSibly -in o. d0ubled stntc. An off<mco nf .obtnirdng n-Jncy by fa.lse prctoncos unJ.or s.302 of the Peno.l Code is not car.ti. tted in 1J.)SSessLm only but n:)t ownershi:p is obk:incd of the n-mey: see 0onri v. R. (1964) E •.b.. 162 n11C.. the Enclish c.lecisi.:ms ci tcJ. thorcin. \There p,)ssessi,Jn only is obtr\inell tha o.ccused ca.n only be c,mvictocl of theft. In the instnnt cC'.sc, is thorc woro relio.blo o\riJ.once to cstn!)lish thr.t r:i.Dney pa.sseJ., the Ul,)J?Qllnnt C•Jul<l pr:J~)crly hc,vo ;jcon c,mvicted of theft. But b.s I hc.vo so.id, thoru VK:s no such 8Vi<.loncc s,,. ·thnt tho c.mvicti ill even for tho office chc.r0 oc.'. conn:Jt lx.: sustc.ino,l. l!'or those runs.ms, I c.11,JW tho Uj)i,ea.l, qucsh tho convicti.;n <'n- suntunce r'.11'..l ,)rJcr th0 n~)i)ella.nt 1 _s release fror.1 custody. ·DI Sii.LAJIM. 1WGAKIJIIGIRA 2 J. 27/11/89 ., ., / .• · .... ,, ·.• ~