19900608 TZCA Tanga1

;, :;_;_ . ...... ...,.....,... :;; . . IN THE COURT OF Al'PLlll OF WTZAl\JIJ;. AT T.AJTGA ( COJWh ,OMARs J ofu a MN":4\V.AS 9 J .1... , And MF.o.LILA, J .Ao) CRDIINAL APPEAL N0.30 OF 1989 BETWT:TEW EH• 306879 Affl,1100 Blu{fJU ICTJAZI. • • • A:PPELLANT AND Tlill PJJFUBLIC. • • • • • • • o ., • • • • RESPOlT.uI:l~'T (Appeal from tbc cor:viction o! the High Court of Tanzo.ni.a at Tango,) (Sisl§!,, J.) ' do.tad tho 10th day of February, 1.989 in I Crimi~l}ossions Case }To. ?J of 1Q§7 J1.J'OOI1iENT OF TI:III: COURT f.:IFALILP.. , J vluJ The o.pJ?Qllant MW• )06879 ,A-TRUlilli[[ B/J.KAR.I KIJAZI, a Militia, t'.l"ainer at Tongwc Villa.go in Nubcza district' o f ~ Region, WD.S \ conviotcd of lm.ll'cloz, by tho High Court sitting at Tari.go, (SISYA, J.) and sentenced to death. Ho appealed to this :court a,gti11st 'uoth the oonv;: ction c;.1d sentence of dc2.th. Tho mdn dispute 2. t tho trial was confined to the motivo for tho d.0002,socl ts ldlling. The prosccuti 011 mv.,i1Ttclnod. sl1..ccessfully that tro a:ppollnnt killed the doce~od without nny lawf1..u. justifica,.;. tion end that considering tho oircumstv..nccs of tho ki.lli11g, it ' nmountocI to murder. On the other lui.nd, tho dcfonoo co11to1:clod. unsuccossfully tlmt the killing wo.s ju~tifiod for .roc..sor..s of security govcrni.ng tl::>..o o.:roo. who:r-o the killing took plD.ce • Tho :prosecution called only ono wi tross in support of their c2.so ago.inst tbc D.p:pcllant • This wcs ZlRD~ RUSSDil~ (PU., 1)" .· ·I r, ,.. I' I ' .,.. 2 •' Accorcl:in5 to this wi tnoss, tl:.o dccoasot~ c-,r:cl anotho1' pors on ( tl10 ; ck:r 6o in rospoct of whose d.oath wo.s wi tl:(,..1:0.1-m by tho republic) :wore k.5 llod one clny in .August 1935 nt cbout 8 )?GD-, o..t tho prcr.lisos of a Dilling mcchino in Tongwo villcgc,, Tho r,rot1isos of tho nilling: mc,c1i:1O, ,:--,lso houses tho villo.go nili tin offices o.nd o.ots o.,s o..n: c.tnoury cs well() At tho time~ there w0ro twonty five guns Etorod thoro o TLo prcr~iscs wore thorofor0 [s'llC,rdod and doclo..rcd n restricted area nftor 6 p .. r.i~ . On tb9 day in question, Znriro took her rJO..izq to tb.c nilling rrcchine for grind.i.ngo The t.it10, nccorJ.ing to hor, wr,,s 7,,45 p efih 1.: it ·1-m,s a,ftcr tho restricted hours, she b.'.cl to go througlj. tho forml soc1.'.ri ty procodu:ros before boL:.g allowed ::.nto tho mill • promises o Those procedures included hc:r being ordo:rod to stop 7 ' ::,dvv.,ncing fivo puces v,nd then identifying ho:rsolf • 3::o v..dvnnccd I towc..rc..:.: tho mill ho"t..l.SO only c.ftor being clcarod to do so by the: Dilitiar;JQ,n on duty. At this· timo tho o.ppcllo.nt was t20 nilitiru:io,n m: duty,, 1..s they ,-;ore o,ll soo.tcd on a bench, th¢ appollu.nt incll.:tdod, sonoonc approc.chod fl~om behind.9 encl whon ho was almost U:J?On th0I:1 1 tho 2.ppcl12,:.,.t jur.lpCC:. and. ordered him to stop. It wns dzrk 7 hence Zarim said. she could. not recognize tho nan until a.fto~r b.o wcs shot dc:-,d. She t:.:.on rcocgnizod ll.im to bo We,ziri who lived L1 t:10 s1J.1Jo ville.go but -:r.:-,s not a mili ti.'.1I:lr;n., 1i"r.on tho no,n w2.s ordorcd to stop, ho ros:ponclod. saying 11 I nm not stoppit1.g11 0 At this sk:.gc 1 0210 George c:,nd Jobn ( tl:c, other dead nan) got u::-;, c,d. ;::,dvv,ncocl tc"tft.'.:rcl.JJ tl:;,o man I dcado Tbo a,:ppollm'lt did not g'.1.vo a very clifforen-t, si,c·;:•y., Eo c..:.id._ I thnt ho w2.s 2, mli tia trainer ir.: Ton.3,.;-0 v:: JJ.c.,gc wm. ::.µ is ono of tho l I ' I \ r~ :J: I. - 3 ·~' "' II locv,,tod 0,t 1l1on6"wo villngc o E:o sci cl t:1::-,t tho croot1.r3r 1,.::.s d.oclo,rod v,, restricted r,i'Or~ 2.nd pooplo woro not al1mfod to nppro2.cl1 it o,ftcr 6 por:1~ Tho r.10,izo nilling mchino wtich is locL:.tcd. L'l the: sc,,1:10 premises was only nllowocl to oporc,to up to 4.30 poE1o Tllo c..1Jpollnnt I ,. dosc:cibo<l tho socuri ty procedures govor;.Til}g all persons o..pj_)ronching tl:0 o.rP.lou:ry promises e.ftor 6 p.,CTo IIo snid tho..t w:bcn e, person o.pproc.chos tLo nrcoury 9 tho nili tiar.1e11 on guard ctuty orc~ors hln to t stooe- If tb.o r:u:-,n doos not stop, tho· gua,1~d fires n wcrr.d.,.:c shot-~ If i~.• tLo can still c,dvnncos encl. ho is still· sor.10 distance m-rny, tho guard can shoot bi.m in tho logs o ' If tho r.1[',n is closo, then tl:o gu2,rd can ~ 1\' use bis discretion to doc,J. w.i. th the si tu."?.tion. On 14/8/85, ho wns on 'f'l~ 1I gur~rcl dut;7 o.t tl:c Dilling 02.chino-ctim-nrnoury, ho wo.s crnocl vd. t:.i a •r I gun kn01m o.s Sl,10 with thirty rounds of o..oouni tiono Otl:ci· :poo-plo 'i -~ prosont wore ono George~ Zc1rir..a (PWo 1.) nnd J,ohn Dafo, wl:o nlso diod J in tho inciclont" Tho nilling or.chine was working.. At e,bout 8 p.,r.i.,; ,,! a person c2.,.1c, ;J.O first saw hio whon ho wus only alrlost five pc,cos .;~ i ·, c.wo.y.. !Io ctLd not lmow wto ho wcs mid tho □ mi :hr:.cl o..lrocdy passed tho if } rope fonco su.rrouncling tho proi:1isos c.ftcr tho rc::;trictocl hou.ro ,, Wb:n: :.~· t It " l:..c s2.w tto r.1a1:, l10 got up, movod bc,ckw2.rds and ord.orod t~o r::o,n to stop ['.nd told. :,.:i.D to -id.ontify bi.nsolf. Tto r:1a.n replied, 11 I on not I:i stop-ping11 1 m1cc cm-1tinuod to o..d.vc,nco towe,rds J:-.:i.o.., The e.p::;>ollo.nt scid ho ordorcc.:.. tho r.12,n a. second tine to sto-p., TllO na.n still rof·. :!Sod, saying "I 2.r.1 not stopping, do whr,tovor ~rbu w.:mt 11 ~ Ho tl:.on fi.rcd in tho cir, bt1.t this wo..rning shot dic1. ,sot stop tho mo.n, ho kept or:. adv2.ncing, end nccord.i.:ag to tho 2.ppoll2,nt 1 ho so,w t.o r.12.,n ns if propo.ring to l)Ull out sonothing fro1-1 1.:i.s shirt. For,:ring tlc.':..t tho r.:.:.n was tc.king out n. ·wo2.,pon, r..o inoodi.o,tol;y shot him., r:o kcl shot tiu in ..... /4 \ 4 tho hoed c,;.x1.. tho r.1cm foll deed. on tho spoj;o When ho wont closor 1 ho foi.mct tb8. t thoJ..'C 1•:oi"C c.ctmlly two pooplo doo.do Ro ctod.ocl txroforc that ho ldllod. tho dccct,scd clolibcr.:-.tel;:,; or intenti m12,lly. After tb.c cc,so wcs sUi.rr.:cd 1-'.P to tLon, both ussosso:rs fauna. tho 2,ppellant gu.i.lty of Llurdcr r:.nc. e,dviscd Lis convictio:1 c,,s cl:..e,1'god. The first c.ssess or sc.ying: i1T:10 C;ccuscd o.ic'i. not cxorciso prudence in l::.is 2.cto There w~s no tL:r'(;r,t 1-:bich shoulcl k,v-c urgocl tho 0,ccuscd to fil'O indisc~ioe, tolyo T:b.c 2.cousod could 112,vo shot tho dccoc.sod 1faziri in tho logs 9 if ncoc;._ l::io 1 but tl:o1'0 ..rr,s none o Ile however 9 st.at l:ia in tho hcc,d. 1:..ccusod 1-..r,cl t:.::e intention to kill. 11 Tho oocror..&· santlor.12.n 1:1ssossor sciclt 1:.y Lord, fra.nkly tho aocusccl lx~s killed 11 doliborutoly. The 2.ccv.sod uc,s sco.tcd 1n. th other civilians~ IIo 9 t!:.orcfo:ro, ought to hcvo a.pprohonclod tl:o first dococsod. By ~1.Si;.1g tho gun for no goo~ rowson tho accused. killed doliborc.toly. 11 The locrnot tric.1 Juc..5-c e,cccptod. tLis r.o.vico und l::.clc1 tJ:c,t o,s between Zo.rim ,:-,ncl t1.:.o nppollrmt, · Zc,rinc., l:c,cl toh~. tho trutb.o ifuvi:ng had tho opportur.d. ty of ocoing o.ne. hor:,1'ing t:.::.o n:i.tnossos, be sc-,icl-, ho fou11d Znrim pl.sin, sinplo nncl straight forwc;rcl in th.o 11i t::oss box, o.nd ulso tiJE:,t sho l-:..cC. notl:ing to g2-in or lose out of tl:io on.so,. Accordin@- ly ho fo1.m.c'. ttc c1j_Jpcllo.r,t g1.ul ty 2.ncl convicted Ura., I1: this e,ppoc.1, the appellant r<.:iscd and c.:rguoa. throe groune..s of a._pponlo . In t:.-:·c first ground, t:10 a.ppol10,nt compJ.c,inod. that tho 100,rnod trie,l Jv.c~gu should k.vo hold L1 tho light. of tho o..v2.ilo.blo ovL."'..01100~ tb;;-,t ho cctod bore f:i.clo in shooting tho cloco2.sod. o.;.'ld. sl:.ould 1-:.r,vo ttc~ofo~o ccquittcd hin. . •• /5 \ _ -·· -· ...... , _. .. 5 Througl1out .tlic.i, trinl, tl1c e,ppo llc,nt · plcndod. justifica.tion1 saying tbc,t ho wp,s justified. in shootinG t:lO dococ..sod bccc,v.so of tho d.cng-c:c- ho posed. to tl:o sccv.:r'i°ty o,roc,o Ifo virtmlly cdni ttocl shooting tho do coo.sod d.olibcrc.tolyo Foi· ir. his o·ii donco ho scj.C: o,t 110.go 11. (18): 11 Ho cnno very closo to whcr-o I wcs o.nd I s2,w hn pull out his shirt o.nd put his ho,ncl in ;_j_s pocko·t. I tJ::.oug:~t l:.o wanted to tr.kc out 0., iiOt,pOno I thoroforo s1:wt hiwo" So the shooting wo.s dol_ibor.:,to, but ho snici ho wcs j"t..12tificd in , doing so., Thoroforo in offoct tho question wtct2cr or not tL.o shooting 1,2,s c',.olibor0,to 7 was not n.n issue o Tho issuo was wtotl:01· it wo.s j1..:stifiocl. But both tl:c a,sscssors in tlc0 pnssn.gos q_uotod e,1)ovo, mil t::o 102,rnoct tric.l ju.dgo procood.ocl ci.s if tl::o nc.turo 2.:c.d q_vzli ty of tl:·.o s.:.:ooti::g ue,s en issue Lo. }"1"t.ot1.:or it wc,s dciiborc-,to. J".c-ving found e,s thoy L::. d to, tbc.t tho o.ppcllo,nt's shooting of tho clococ..scd we,s dclil)o1·::~to 7 his comriction for ourclcr 1;e:,s inovi to.blo., But, in our v-iew· 9 t:.:c ,.1dn q_uostior, wcs whcthor tbis shooting, tho d.olibora.to stooting, ucs jv.stifiod.. In order to_ 2..:.1swcr this qmst:'_ 0:1, e,ll tho circ1..ir.1Ste,::.1co provc.ilir.g c,t tl1O tino of t;:.o sl::.ooting r.~-ust be comiidorod c:md taker. ii:to GCCOuEto As indicc.,tod., tho prosocutio;.: cc.llocl only one wi tmss Zm·i1'}2; PW~1 • Tho tric.l juclgo sc.id tb::.t 1:.o :prcfcrrocl hor cvid.o;-:,.co to tz1..-,t c,i.von by tlx:, 0-:p:i.)vll2-nt on o.ccount of :~or pkinr,css, simplici t;T e,nc:L strc,ight forwardness i:i.1 t~~c 1:i tnoss box~ It j_s not st0,toec H::.otl::.c:i.· tl;o o-_pposi to of tl:.cso vi1·tuos wc,ro pci~co:i.voc1 in the ap:pollc.1:t, but ovor. if tt.oy wore ~,.ot, t>.o c.ppcllo.nt scor:;s to us. to 1:-;;:-,vo told. substc,ntin.lly tto sa.r::ic stor;y- of. wl:nt bnpponoc1 r,s tl:o plain~ sir.1p.Lc c,;:1{. stn.'..ight forwcrC: Zc,rinc,o TLo only difforc::.co between tco two versions vl:.ich tho tric.l judt30 noted_ we,s tlJ.:~t Znri1£, f.i-lic,tod tbnt the cloccc.soc3. wns not 2.rn0do Ho s;:d.cl at pe:.ge 22 .(27)8 .... • if 6 · 11 According to Zo..rinn tl::co clocec.sod 9 Wc..ziri, 1-ro..s sliot c,t o. clistcnco of e5.c~~-t to ten pc~cos o Al ttough it 1,2,s clc,rk 9 but froh 1r~:.e:rc Z0-rin2. sr.t sl10 coulcl soo th:.,t Wc,z:1.ri wo..s not e,rncdo 11 But is tbs wL:-,t sto sdd, 2,;.:.cl c'..ocG L; uc.;2.n if only by ir:1plic2.tion thnt tho e,ppollcLt s2,id tlmt t~:.c d.ocoe,socl 1Ic:.s arood? 1...11 tl~t "I know Wcziri., 1'io 1i:C..rc 1iving in tLc scz:io villc,gu o Ro l;e,E n poc..se,r:to !{o wc,s not c □ili tio.ocn. IIo cliC. :..1ot cc:.rl':/. c~n~rtbi:..1g 1~1::..011 l~o cc.1J.o • " For our :9c,rt, we clo not unclcrsk.,r..cl t:'.:.is st:.:-:tonor.t to rio2.;.1 tlmt Zarim w2.s sn;ying tl:n t the clocee,sod i:~:1s not nrr.1edo, Ho could 112..vo boon o.rooc1 wi tb. a conco2.lod noc,pon. A person 1ti. tt. e, concoc,lod wo2,pon c£'..11 obviously ' a,ppeo..r to ~Jo ce,rrying nothinr;o In o..ny cr.:.so, t1:o 2.ppollant o:n his pc.rt dit. 11ot SC:,,~" tl:.ct ttc d.occcsccl. i;;:.s C~l'CC:u.o 1:.11 l:.o sr,hl lTC,St 11 I thougtt ho wc,ntcd to td~c out, a; woapon11 • m:.d tl,is tric_g,urcc'" tis rce,ctiono TLorc Wc,s t!.~erefo:ro nothlng in Za.rinn's ov:i.clc,:lce to justify the f:i.!lcU.1,.g by tl:o. tric,l Court tkt the \ c~ocos::sec~. w:,s not c,mcd or thct the 2-p]?0llD..l'lt is cssun:ption tl:!nt tho c"'_ccc2-s0C:~ w2,s 0,r,-1od wns unro0,so11c.":.blc. In ov.:;..' ,,--:i..ow, tl:c1'c e,:rc no cir,,jor cliffcroncos botweon tl:o evidence given b;r PH.1 f'o:r tl:::.o prosocutim:. e,~1c.. tto 2.pp9llnnt :for t::.c d.ofonco. To us tl:o Gc.i:1. fee, turcs of tLc ovi ckmco of botll wi tnossos is tha, t tho c.roe, wLc1"0 tl:?.o shooting took plc~co llt',S a, rostrictccl e,:ccn cftor 6 PoDo tmt tl::c ;:-,rue, i.G g1.,~:.rclod by o.rr:1cd oilitir, 9 tl1c.-,,·t on t!-::.o clay in quostio:r: the c,:ppo llr,:c. t ,,i.:.G or: gu.crd duty~ the. t tl:o c~o co asc d. e,:r-riv0 d r, t tb.0 u.rcc,. c.ftor 6 po1:1•, tmt ho wc.,s orclc:rcc:t to _stop. cs pc:r s001.1..ri ty procedures in f01'co, tl.:ct not only did he fc.il to stop but he in feet refused to ••• /7 7 .... do so 2.nd tlie.t t:....crcupon b.c wcs shot :::,s ho 0,dv0,ncod.. Eolo.ing trot tho o..ppollc.nt l:c,c1 no rc,2,sori.2.blo groum1.s to f.:. c-,r tl:.o cl0ccr.c:ccl C\l:J ::o cdvo.ncocl~ n;.--.c':. tl~e,t t~:.oroforo tl::o dofcnco of self c".of1;:mco ,ms Lot c:-v::,ilc,blo to !~in, tho trie,l judge stc.tcc1.. ct P~'.go 23 (6 .:. 18)g 11 It:. tbc insto..r,.t 02..ttor.? oven if I were to swo,lJ.ow w:br-,t tJ:::.c r,ccv.soc"::. ntc..tod. in bis c"..ofo;.1cc 1 hook, line o,nc. sii1kor.? ( which of com·so I do n9t)' I cr.1 not in tho lc2.st pu:rsu:::,clocl tb.1,t it wc,s .nccossnri for tl-:c 2.ccusod to use his g1.,111 on t:::o docoo.socl~ Tl:c t>..ccusccl wc.s c,lrc::::,c1_y si tti1,.g ·wi tl:. ot1.or ·:)crsons c.t tJ:-.o scone 0,;:1cl frora his ow:n wore~ ·of nouth tho r.ri.lling ce,cbno wcs stiil on., 111::.y.? tl:o u..l'lrl.occsGc.,ry 2.pprohonsi':011? Po:rL.r,1,s u:.::0-t is norc irnportLnt t!.:.oro is• not ovon c, grc.ir: of cvidor..cc to show t~t the C::.ocoe,socl. Wc. ziri com:ri. ttccl or wo..s prop2,ring to corn.1i t c,ny v11l2.wful c.cto Tho 2.p:prohonsion which 1 t .1.- "CCUS·OG.' m· o-- ··0 c..., 0 +·t 1·-vo --C.,1 -~c·~.., i·n -.11 t'J..~0 1_....,__,.. .L ._,,_ 0 cL·cunstcncos of tz.c cc..so n;:~s to ny oind. not bcsc d on r-oc,s onc.,",J lo grounds •· 11 Since c:s ·we ':;.r:,vo shmm, tho 2.ppcllc.nt g;:.vo substantio. lly- tl~o so.no cvic'.cnco 2,s PW.1, wo do not know wl".!.C.t pe,rt ,roro left to floc.t by tl:.o tric,1 juclgo ~ l!o l:.owovor t!:ink th-, t ttc i$SUO WC',S ::iot the c,:ppollu:t 18 a:pprcl:cnsion of bis 01:r1 porsorel s2,foty, .'but tl:.o sc.fcty of t::.:.0 rostrictc..d. aron wb.oso c::t:.. 0 ~~ socur:i.. ty proccd.vros hc-.,cl · just been broc.cLOcl b;7 2,n intruclor"' !l?hc·-crucstion u~:por oost in t::..0 c.ppcllv.nt t-s nind ut tLo tir.10 r:.ust 1-:.r,vo boon;; why is tl:.is rJ..,n rcfusil:1g to conply ni th tl:..o socu.Ti t~r procccluros if b.c is cocing in poD.cO? Zc:.rinc, J.:.c..d. co[,,i.Jliocl ui tl:: c.11 t]:.c ontl y 0 socuti ty p1~ocoC:.u:r-o:::: o,nd notl".:ir:g heel l~o.}:,pcncc:.. to l:.oro 'I"...:is Dc,n lmd rofv.sccl to obo;;r tL.o stop orclcr o.nd sc,i.c1,. so 1 this r.~,n l..2.,c~ ig,.101°00. tho w2,rning shot, thj_s i~'.::.31 rod ignored. t:.::.C scco!lcL ore.er to stori e,,:1cl. Lo Lc.. d kept on 2,dv&"'l.cing r:r.cl 112,d pnssi.,c'L tl:c rope porinotcro Z2Iinc. clic not sD..y or deny tx,t st.o 1-.02.:r·c'!. tl:c ,mrni_1:g .. shot, but'. we clo not cxpuct l:cr to t..now tl.o cliffcrc.nco or even t0ll tl:o nur::bor of sLots 1)ccc;uso of t:to 0 0 ,,/8 • 8 I torror s:.::.c Hcs in., L'vcn wi tLout tl:.c dcconsod. puttir.G tis l12,11c-:..s ir. Lis :pockets c,s if ~o were c..bout to tcko out o.. wc.:1pon? !"lie con:plcto a.nd clolibcn:,te c:isr-cgo.,rd of sccu.:ri t;y- p:roccc:'.v:rcs in c1.r:.rknos8, c,.1ti tlod , tho c.ppello.,nt to 2..ssu1.1O o.ggrcsi·;ro L1tonti ons on Lis pc.:ct 9 C',nc:_? to tc:,ko o.pproprio.,to pro-onptivo Gocsu:rcc to j,,rcsorvo tto iT2torg:ri ty of ttc rcstricto~ c.,I'CGo who nctvocc.tce. for tLo n.:p:pcllc.11t, sou.g~:.t to chpport 2.r:.c:. cx:pk,iL tl:..o n.ppollcnt's approhorn:Jion on tLo bc.,sis tl:ct i1tl~ docor-,soc7-· Fc.ziri coulc':. 112.ve snctc:.oc1. tb.o SEG fro□ tlJC ['.CCV.DCcl c-,nd conseq_ucr:tly cxposo 0,ll otl:er firoc,rr.1s in tho nrrJo_ury to bc,d. or cbngc.rous oleDc~1ts 11 .. Tho lccr:-ac<l. tric,l jud.gc rojo6tcC:. tl:.is suggestion in the following WO!'@g 11 Wi th greet respect to tLo locrnod. dofcnco Counsel this is puro surr.ui:;c or □cro conjenctuxo whict is 2.,bsolutoly of no consoquonco c, t ell in n, crir.,i nn.l co.so o In tb.o rosul t I too find. t::.2, t tho dofonco rcdsccl_ by tho nccoooc.:.. c"\.oos 1:ot extend to l:in ct c.11., Tho cvic:..onco w:c.ich I accept c.ml tte oc,toric,l c-,ve:,ibblo n::ow th::.t tho r.,ccuse:d 1ms trigger l-Z.fl:i?Yo Ho shot 2.1,.cl_ b.llod Wc.ziri in cold. 1)J.ood. nncl wi ttout o..ny lc..wful justificc.hon., T!lis wns nuxd.or pure 11:r;.d sinplee" ' i We thnk witl: 1"'0spoct tl~:.t it is onl;y· the prosecution whlch is prohibited I i fro:o b2.sin,;' its cuoo 011 ::mrr.uso c:mc-:. conjoi1cturo o The do:fonco, by tho very 11,__---,ture of tl:c rules governing bv.rdon of proof in cri1:1in.:1,l trials, is o..llowocl to s1-1.m.iso nnd. conjenctu:ro in support of its cc,soo In t!:d.s po..:rti·culc.r Ct:Utio, tbo dofonco wr,s sc,ying tbnt tho o.ppollo.r:t sLot tLo dcccc:,:::;od. bccnuso I::.o tb.ougl:t bis il1tont:i.011S ,-i'Cro not· pec,ceftu, ho t~.ougl1t t1:.o dococ.socl wc,s nrr:1ccl, ho thought t!:,.o clococ-.sod. intonclocl to snn. tch a. gun f1"'or.1 hin or othc1"'wis0 c.. tto.ck hin 2.Dd put c., t risk tJ.:o scfoty of tl:o 2.rnoU1"'Yo It 1:-c~s ck..rlc, the nppclle,nt diet not know who tbis :;_:,orson n.:pp1"'02,chi1:g in c'.isr-ogc.rd of o..11 the s0curi ty proculuros wr,s o Tho curro::t <>••/9 ... 9 si tur.tiol';i in tL-:.o country is suet tl!.(......,t be,::.c~ ts ere iv c::r~c: .:-.~.:;ov.t in so,~i'c:'..:. o:f firor..rns for tl:cir vi olont ectivi tios. In tLoso cil;'.curwtencos, not t:!:.ir:k so 9 ~·10 t;:ink in tt.c.. circv.r.1st2.ncos of tho clococr.ioc!. 1 s bol:..c.viour 1 tl::.c i::.p:pcJ.lc,:;ct WC',S justified i:r: r,ctil':z tl..o w0,y ho dido 'I1oo r.mcll we,s ct t.ccl ,10 br,cl intonti ons 2, t 2.11, but ::c bol:.e,vocl, r,s if 1:o :.X.cl, tl:o e,:;_:,po llc.1'lt he,d no we,y of fi11Qi11g tl:c true. posi ti@.. T'cis fino.1'!5 o:: mi_r 1)2.rt ne,kcs it l.1.i.'ll'lOccssr,ry for us to consic~or g.councls 2 m:c'.. 3 of tl:.o r.1ooorc.:n0.v.r1 o;f 2.ppo2.lo ll..cco:rclingly wo ell ow tl:,o appo2-1 9 qucsh tl::.o conviction for mu~dor c. ,1c'. sot 2.s:Lc.o tLo scxitcncc of &Jr..th. If tho o.ppcllm:t is not othorwiso 10,wf'ully hold we orclcr bis ii:u-.1oclie, to roloa.so fro□ pr:'.son. DA1l'§J!) 0t TJ\.1:"GA this 8th c'l..ny of Juno, 1990,. A.~ .A. 0ri1.:'Jt JUSTICE OF APIDLlL N.S. Nl{ZAVAS JUSTICE: OF .APP:,::;p.L L .N o :MF:,_/IJ,IlJ.1. .JUSTICE OF Afp-;;;!J.., I certify tb.ct tl:.is is a, true copy of tl::.o origi:'1:c-1. ~ ( J .H. r,'.tSOFF:J) 3::::JNIOB. rer1..nry P~G:::;~TPJi.R