19901220 TZHC Dar es Salaam

,·"+•~ , i t~ IIT TIIB IIIGE COITTlT OF T:LIZDJIA 11;1: DLR ES S;~LJ,JJi., CIVIL Cf.SE EOo 261 OTI' 1903 IIATIBU IflJSSfilF •• o • • • • • • • • o o • • • • " • o • , • PLI.IETI:J'F versus I .. .,.-,V'A'Y,,..,m '1ICIT'T'L i,; 1:..i..G,:.i1 1' .1.1..i.1., i:101...1; GI) c--c~- 7 - ~~.•--D ., T 2,. TJJTBSCO L'l'D ) • • • • • • • 0 • 0 " -0-= .,;;l. 1u 1 This is 1)roua1t the rlcin'Ci?f uho is ti.10 fo..thor of 2. cloco2.,sou boy u:1-0 C:.ioLl throuc:h oloctrooution a.t tho first clcfoncl,:-,..nt I s -electric st:ruc·curei> Tho· Plaintiff is clm,.rin.~; aco..inst th-<:: mmer of this electric structure, Ev-'uJ'.'ist Ihch2,el Hs~ci 9 ru1c1- Tc.,nr.c.nio.. Electric Su~1ply Cor.1p,11y LL:1itoc:. ullicb. ·is the sU~)i)lior of. oloctrici ty in tho oity4 Tho oviLlonoe c;i von l)y -i;ho plc'..intiff is tl12.,t he h2,;.l a. 9 yoo:r olLl lJoy uho cliocl on 10/10/82 at n. structure for n,:1..vortisin..::.; o.. bClJ." of the firr:rt clef o;,11-c:nt. Tho a.clvortisincs structure of w2,tor nc2J'.' those polos c.,s it 11<.;.ll •rained on tha.t c:by. The o..ro~., noo:r tho poles uo..s oloct1-ifiot.l o.ml the pla.intiff rs son clio-1.. by eloctrocution11 Tho polos uoro si tm~.to~l o..t 2, foot po.th which U['.,S us_oJ. :Jy nnny pooi1lo. Tho plo..intiff uont -co J~10 scene ·o..ncl so.,~i tho rn1.vortis0i:1ont structure there., But next r..1..o:y i ·i; u0s no 1011.::;-er there us it 1 11C,s, ror.10Vc\.l C'l1Ll "ro-oioc-Ccc.: closer tc tho 1st clcfo11~1.CJ.1t I s ICi11,...lo Guo st IIousc o.nc1- Bex~ Tho i.lccec',so:1- iT0s tho firs~ born of tho i,lc:intiff in a f2:I.1ily of 4 cllil--1..ron~ The L1ocon,sor..1. u2.,s hoa,l tly .:1.ml bric;ht ;:::.nc.1.. vory helpful to Jliho . plo..intiff. 'E.10 plcintiff scic:. . further that ·i;hc o.,c1.vcrtisone:nt structure of Kimlo duost House H,'.'1,s very closd to tho path. IIo s.::,il1 in nnsuor to o.,nothor quoation th0t the clooo0sec1. wo.,s as1Jirinc to lJopono s, Lloc·~or Gnu th[l,t he l1;::ul c:;j1i bi tocl. such n,spirdion· tiTico when he 01,oro.,toc'- on o., c~1ic!rnn ancl put scr.10 t2.,blcts ' , in it .::tnLl · when ho. clir..l tho so.;-:io to n, r.rnusc. Ile c.lso smc1 tl1a·~ t~rwollin::; c.;-:ponsos for, tho funoro.l of his son c.:ix.1e to shs,. 2700/=~ IIo .'.1(:r.1itt0Cc ~12.,t tho first clo:2'011.~.:mt Llcnc1,te.:.1- shs., 2,5(()/= a.,s his assist2..11ca to tho plo..4,ntiff for !lis son I s funern.lci ,, 2 He !.1ec.2c.1. chil<.lron shoutiir tll"'t o., cl1i1Ll .rc.s c'. .:.'i.~1:_:. IIo uont to tho sOO11O ilJ.u;.1i110..tinc tho O.i.lVcr·tism.1cn-0z "KinJo Guest Irousofl, U!.1on ho trice:. to hell:. t:1c cl:i.ilc.1., ho fol-[; 2,11 electric shocl;:., IIo· a.10u·~ot'. 2-t t!.10 Kim:.o Guest HouGo om1ors to switch. o:Ef t~ie oloctrici ty. T;.1ey L:.ic7.. so M:1.. then :ic ro;·.1ovoc.l the c!lil~l fro,.1 whore ho u.:-,s li'in:::;., Tho cl1ill1. -w2,s i).11conscious41 Tho chilc.1 u2.s t22;:on to ho::ipi tc.l., In QJ.1sHor tc further qi.1os·;;ions, he s2,ic1.. tllo.,t tho dck1.t~: oocurroc1. 2-t tho ~1olos of tho i1C.1..vortisoDont stn1c·0uro. Ho c::1)1.:dnod further -e12.,t t~10 bc:.r u.:.s. o.,·0 one sic.lo 0f tho roc.,cl, c.;.1~1. tho structure 1TQ.S erected on tho ot:10:csi .'..c of tho roo.,c.1.. cutsi{':.o tl1e bou..,vi~lc.ry of I::inc.lo Guest House nnc.l no.::'.I' o., foot~x1.thco Tho Felice O2.r:10 to :1ii] thc..t ni0-1t cl.l.i.~1.. ho ucnt to slwu tho,J whore ho b.w:.l f ounL1.. the cl:iL:.. But next Qci,y tho structure w<1s no lonc;or there. In ru1sirnr to qu.os-cio;.1s i;1 cross-o:r..:clI.1in2..tio;.1 ho sd:.l that ho m:perioncocl c.n electric ~10ck when he uo~1t non.r the (:.ocoo..soc'... Tio clso sc..icl tb.c;c t!1e foot- pc.th uo.,s c.bout 5 foot frc;-.1 tho polos holc1..inc tho structure<! :Ti th rcc.,T.:cc7. to a parson usinc; t;.10 po.,th, ho sc..Ll thc1t such person 1TOL1.ld. nr;t o:;:i)Orionco n.ny shocl::. Th.a o·cl1or ui tnoss uc.,s John Ln.so uho sdc1- t:1c.·~ :20 wc.,s n,t his ho;·.10 ul1ich is noo..r ~2L1Llo B2.X & Guest Hcuso u;.10;.1 t~10 2,0cL1-ont of 10/10/82 ho,,~:ponoc.":.. !Io s.:::,u i:oo::lc rmminr; to 2, :)lc.,cc c.m'- ho f0llo,1oll t1:.ou U) tc whore thoro uc.s ~1 electric ~7.vortiscnont structure on t1·ro i"Olos uhic:i ro.'.:',,i.1.. 11IG.n:1-o Guest IIouse 11 ,. IJoc..r t:.1oso i)Olos n,1)ou·::; 2 1x1cos n,w.:1,y frcn tho :)olos iic'.,S 2, chilcl lyinc c.lmm,u IIo c.,·o-c a, vo~1iclo nnc.1.. tee:.: tho chilc1. to hos:)i t2.l ,rhe~·o l10 w.::.s pronouncec7. L1..CC'.,C.1. ,. IIc sc:.L1. further tJ:2.,t t11c; ~)oles wore outsi<.1.o ICiH(1..c Guest IIouso bounc.ln.ry o.m7.. t:1oy uoro non.r to ;:,, po..t:1~ Ti.1en 110:::t r..1.cy they uorc rc;:iovocl. Ti10 lo.,st Hi tness 1rc1s J::u:1os Ki tinyn, ul10 is e, :·.,o::1.icc.,l cloctor,1 Ho proc1-ucod t~10 j_;ost norten roc.,i stor b:,ok 1rl1iel1 lli'~1.. ~7..otdls concorninC," fin;_1.inc;s of c. )o::/c nor ton m:oninc.,ti ::--11 oi tl1e ~7.ococ..soc1. 1 s 1)c:.1...:,,·. T:10 rororJc s!.1ous thc.,t cc.,uso of c.1.oe,th wo..s electrocution"' The first c.7..cfom:.2.nt r_;c.,vo ovL1.oi1co l1ir.1solf. Ho s<'..i0.. th2.t ho rnrnec1 Kinde Bo...:r c.,nr..l Guest Ifouso. I.:c insta.llo,1. tl10 struc·~trro 0;_1 tho other sic:.o of tho ro2J..l fron IG.nc.o Dc:.r n.:;_1c1.. Guest EOL.1so. Tho structure is hole'- ~JY pipes 11l1ich c.ro e,1Jout 15 feet hic;h. Tho structure is 1i t by oloctrici t,7 u~1ic2.i cones f1°0;:1 :iis ~.:.c:X C;.11c1. c;ue::rc ~1ouso'° Before T!J:::sco 110,,.1- cn.rricc.1.. ou-t ins~-:,oc-tion o1 tho electric fi::tu:rcs 1 tho first c1.c2on.'..:urc :i2..'.. n.lrcc.,cy 3 T.::.en one ·c.12.y whc..t :dllod tllo plaintiff I fJ o1-.il,,_ 2.,Q it Wc:8 2. lc,nc tiac oinoe tl:c li:;~:t WC..G inotclloc.:. to tho cln.tc of ·[;.::o c'..OCiL1..ont., pcr:-.1iooio:1 fro,:i TlJiESCO. IIc >m·rcvc:r ocicl t:i2..t t:10 ::::truct1..1rc u2.s not Conoorninc t!io ~lc:-,_;i;h ccm10ol for the sooonc.:. c.lo2011(~m1t, the firot c:.cfcn:.:.o.1i-~ o,oi1.:. tl,nt ho c:.it::. net ho..vo c,, ~)or;:1i".; fr0::1 Tl'.lCSCO to instr:,l oloctrioit,7 i:1 ·c::c o;.lvortisor.1011·~ otruoturc. IIo .::J.no scir:1.. fao.t tl:wrc 1Ti.,o ·bp water souo 5 notros :fr0,J -:;110 otru.c,.;u.ro o.J.1Ll On 10/10/82 ho W2,G not ..::rot i:ror:d.1)(; for TLn:::sco. wi t.:'.l oon::n.t:10ro r 012.i;:1::J rn::r.10lir, c."!.c;.12:;oo ;_luo to olcotrioC1.l f.:u.l ts<I Tfo o:~~)lo.inoc.l the :"'rooo~,_uro to bo follmrod :Jy cw..yono HiDZ~.in,·: cloo-cricitJr tn 1Jc in:,diD.lloc.l in :1io 1)L°d.L:.1..inc uI1ic:i i1nr'.·:ivos uirin:: of t2:c ~:u.iL'.i~\-; :i~r ·t.:10 oliont i111'...:. i1101)ootion It io only If n, cona1.E1or 1T.:;nts ins:;:-iootion of olootric inot2.,llc.:1ii -:110 cf conoui:1ors :·.L:..o t,) rc-.:uooc:. r.m11po1ror. Oro::w-o:;:c:r;1inod by t!.~c plc.intiff ts 001.mocl~ ·li.;~o uitncss s2iC. t:.1.c.t it w...-,_,s ;_1o·c poo:::i blo f nr 'l:1lJT-]3CO ·;;o lmcw of ;:>J.'JY :::rtnw;~u:coo ~=--u·c up 2.Jl,_,_ oom1co·tc<1 Sue~: structures woulc1. bo illocc1..L oluL: :.w,c1. cli.oc.l-& He s.::.i.cl il":.. C'Jl1oluoion tl1,-.t if '1\',j_LGCO c.lL1. not cliooo~moot g 4 g T.:.e iGsucs in tJ.:.is o~:.Go uc1·c :-:.o follmrss- 2~ lbs t~:.c s.:-.i~l ·s·c:ructurc f2.ul-l:iy ;u.1.c'. cla..1::.;orous~ 3. If ·the snicl s-iirt.'!.c·turc Wc1s c1..of cc'-~ivc or fo,ulty 1 un,s tho sr:i(~ :L:::,ult plus c1..ofcot oric;i:1cl or of c, la:knJG nCLtu:rc 4t' Diel the c~coc~.soC.. C.io c..o 2., rcoult of ·t.1w fr:ulty structure. J, • I uill now prooocl'.. to ~1i:m-cr li:.10 1SSUCG, wc.,s · clef cc -~i vc b Hi•ri:.. roc;o..r(l to i □ GC ifo4, clicl', rLG .., :roauH of t\c f21.1l·G~r <.., ·" tho c1..cce;L:,oc·~1.. i:rc.,o folli1(~ l:-j,11c c..t J~.lc str1..,10-'liLU::c ri;.1:.,_ x1 0t·~o:-.1~;t ta rc~:ioVo ·0.1:0 clcccc1scc.1.. 1J~r P'T2 co.,uoc-"".. P:!2 fo muf er ('..11 cloctrio ~:oo:.:.. : 5 : clecensoJ. uont to the struc·cUJ.'G uhic:1 is u:::.~'.:t 1:ro~x1bly .'.10.:i:-:xme•.l, l:o uc::.o c0r-1;cinl~r a ·1:;roapp,sscr., 1E10 cv:L!.cnce -:;i.vcn cw.so oo·~c..~-lis.11oc1.. t)1a;i; it "1-Te.s quite sdo for sow.cone to ua.lk a.lone t}:c 1'02..Cl in t::i.o.;~ n.rco.. or clon:_; -'i;he As fnr o..s issue l'To,.6 is 00;1oernccl, the cViLcnco is very clcc..:r t::'..c;~ -'C:10 scoo~1c.1. c.l0fc:1c1.n:.1t ncvc:r conscf1tcc.1.. to the crcotioa of t:.10 structure ~10x ·:;o tho the fi:;.•o-1:; c.lofcm~nnt I s a(LVertisinc structure 1,r,o :t:-,v.ltJt o.nc.1 clnnccroL'.s, I uill scooncl tlc2011-,lrur'i; could n.luo :.,,:we boon lir.ble. I cmmo·i; see :J.m-r ~c:.1.e seco:1c.1- advertisi:1c structure wo.s not llis o.11(1.. he never co.,vc pc1•;-.1ir:J:::iio11 for i·b -to bo su:c,i)liGcl ui·i;ll clectricit;{-p Even i_f the sa.ic1.. s·~xnc-~1.;:.:rc, 11hioh 110 :.mmr froa ·1:;210 evidence to J.;.[',vo bom1 r.wvcC:. ii1to tl1c Ki;.1clo Gnas·:; :i~ou.oc i:rc,:1isos, is still bc:iinc 1.i-b Hit\ elcc-'i;rioity, we co..:u1ot infer th2.t -tho occo;.1c~ c.1-cfon:.~a.nt hwl o:;.•ic;L1clly I 00,:10 to tl1c 1st clc:~011."..2n-G o.r.;2.,i114 We :.1c.,vc Ccl1i:Morccl in issue Ho.5 t:1.n.t the d.0002.aocl was c. trcG1;a::;ocr_. We CLlso hc1vc lt.1con-~rovortec.l cvicl?:ncc t::cd; t;1e w:l.ver·;;isi:'1.:; otructure uc.s in Ji;ho 1st <.lcf ond.o.nt 1 ::; 1;lo·~. i-J11at 1-ro n.ro rocJ_tti.J.~cd. to ,lcc:i,c.lo ;.1ou is wllotJ10.r -~:1.e 1st clef onc~.:mt is lic.~)lo for tho dcatJ1 of "Ghe plaL1ti:7f ts son. · In crclor to clo so wo will :1r\:Ve to loo;;: at tho law, C:1a,rlcow.ortt & Porc~r 011 lkc;lir;oncc 7th cC.i ·ci on £,i. vos 2., c;oocl Moo~mt of tl1c co.:.r-.1O11 ln.u on aec;lic;m1ce,. trespassers. We lmow t:12..t a trospc.1,sscr is one who has no riC:1t to enter on tho lD.ni.."'t., or l1a:vint;- o;.1tcrccl ·:i!_:orc to roi:111in there, 01' 0~10· whoso pr03O;1cc on the ln:.1c7. uoulcl be LUL.moun -~o tb.c owner. positio::.1 of tho cor.rr.1O11 10.1: uitb. roc;nn1 to a troopn.osor on pq;o 453 of "ii::eir 1Joo!;: urn.lcr t).10 l1oac:.i11c, 11T:.1c co,:i:11O;.1 lo:ir prior to 1972 11 Tl10 case citccl is Ro1x~.rJ.; j\.<.lclie & Sons (Cq_l,liorios) Ltcl Va Drn17)rock (1922.l A.,c.35_3,365 in u:.1-icb. Lorcl JI::iils.'.w.a L C lcic7. clou:;_1 -(;~w f ollouinr; proi~osi -~io;.1 thaJG 0 tho t--rcspasoor co;·.1cs m1 to tho proaiscc est :1is mrn risk. An occEpicr is i;1 sucl1 a oase lic.iJlo oi.11:r 1-r~1cre tl1c injv..r:r is c.lL1.0 to some uiliul .::.ct iavolVi11:; 130;-.1c·~.'li~1G more -'i;.'.1011 -~:10 absence o::? :r-02..oonablc ca.re. Tl·•c·•c. ~·- J. ......~,J lJ •JO 0nor•c ·-1,,,...1., 1 .. ~, ..,,.._.1. ,10• 1 0 Tri"-:C'1 C.tAJ I.I \..... v •• J,..o. \ ,.jAtr 6 • ....~ .. ·t~~!.-f"!I/I~ Bu·t i:1 t':c 02-sc oi ~'.!:L1r:·~011 v.. Bri ti :i'.;. ~g__t;:;:z.o B~cJ: ( 197 2) ,'\.,. C. 877. , t:.10 11oL:oo o:Z Lorc.1s :rcfusoc.'. ·to follow RolJCrt !1.<.1.·J.j._c__ J~..e,Qf1:;!. ( Colliq_rj.2._0__Uc~ y_,_ Bu_;·-1.1?1:£91:s 1-T:'.1ich w2,s consL'.. orcc"'.. fo ,bo wron::1:~ tlociC.,:..c.l.. c.J.l'..:. 2., ::mbj cc·ti vo tc st o-:;o:1- oi:: Z.,-OC'..I's 3 cim1. ~1is olclor :Jro·~:.:ors ::.c.c.l ~)ccn 000:1 :'l0~'i:ac; lc..wfull~r in c., Bco..c.l..ou u2.:ic::. ua.s dpon to t:,o 1,u~)lic, w::cn om1.C..cn·ay >.o u::.:,rc: ~liscovorotl.. :·.u.osinc~ Ho 1T<1,G :cot..:r:l'.l oo:riou3l~r 7~L'.I'nt, S:.:ortly ci'tcr1u:-.:rt1-s, l;;--:i.i.1c; n,co.innt t>.o olco-'iirifiod 1 for -t;.1~2.,·t r.r~i~cfoll of t>. c rcil~,cy, b.~: ken nc,·i;ifi0::. ·tr0 , ;:1011t):s 1-:;rcviously ·'t;:1::.;i; Lo:rc.1. Pc::-..rson COi1clwlcc. h1 :~io □)coo:: t:.1us_: cluty o:i: occupier to tronp:1oncr is plci:1lt ii.1GA.1.oquc;to fo:r ;,1odcrn conc'3."i:iicno 9 C11(: its ri,-;itl 2~1(1. 1·00-t:dctivo c:.ic.xo..cto:r :.1c.,s i.11.-,cC..cc1.. t:~c :)rOj_Jcr (1ovolop;-;ic:.-~ o:: -~--~c co,:1i.1Dn lo..u i11 On ]_x1,.::,-c 460 of J~:oir "!.)r;ol;: Lmc1.or ·;;:.:c :w.:-:-:.linc trcopr.,s0L1c; o::.U.lclro;.1 or c:,c.lnl·~s, n t2:-.c J.c['.J:'noLl.. 2.u·0.::.o:c-s '.~i.<Jcuss JlcrrLv;·bm1 1s cr..sc ~1l.1 s·cc:cc ' ' ·.;_:.c~:c ,. ' m.ncc · ·clw " c.} cc113icc. · . · 1:1 ..:.ci ri;.1r;·co11 :-- 0· ' I s o:-,sc, ~ 1 . .L. iT..:Cl t:q-0S C., SLUJC'O ,,J.. VO Gl:C'XkdiTort:1 c.; Poi~cy u:1io> ['.J:'C :JL:.:·:_:o:c-•::;c:l ~J:r Llccioicnn of -~~:..o IT0u:3c cf Lo.r-cls. 7 g In m · .1.cn:30;;.n.c., ' uc ,.1.avo .,_, ~~10 0ccn:~iors · ' · 1 1· t ~/ L"12.,)1 Act _no 54 o:f 19684 T~10 t~·:;10 ci -t.'.:.c :Lc·c rc2t.1..s c..o f ollr;us: to bo c1..ono tb.oroi:m,. 11 or coo(1.o lo..ufullz on ru1,;r l2J.1c.1.. • ~,. n It o::;;:clw:..co t:rcs:;::o..:::oors" In ::,cc-tio:1 3 tl:.c Aot p:rov.i.clcs th[\,t 2..11 oocu)icr mros tho 11 co:.1~.1oi1 -~d;~, :)f cc.re" to n.11 ~1i1J visitors., ftCo·:., •· Ll.t1·1:;•r 0.1.·" • .4·.101_, V - Cf':.I'C 11 1· i=i • - 1 0·"1" ,,..._ ·1c·.,..1 1· ·1 •J. • ! "U1:)SOC·"1" ,:;, ' U r-11 , ( 0,:;;_ ) vi □i-~or Will be rocsone:1Jly or..:fo in uain;; t~:.o I:ro::1ioco for t~~o 1,urposcs :for I ul:icl1. :,c io Lwi toc1 o:r por::u ·(;tcc~ by t?.J.o occupier ·co :)o ·cJ.1.cro~ 11 '11b.o Occupi crG I I:.o..vo J.;o lool: at t'.10 conr.10:1 lo;r o..s m:poLmc1..c£. ;;Jr C.'.1c:.:closuorth & Po:..·cy, Ec:rri11r:t911 's. · case ci ·(;ol7- c,~JoVo cloc..rly ndcco lr..11Lllorc'.:::i lic,~)lo to JGrcoi,r-,Goor □ c..nc1 in po.:r·cicul;~.r to chilc.l:con. InC.ood the tl.ococ..sorl 1rcrc bom1c.:. to ;)c attr2,0·i;ocl :7J 1:::-~ cl.o:Z 011.:r,,nt' o st:nlCtu:ro, o..nc.1 c10corc1.i11c; to IIcrrinc;tontr; oe,sc, t~1.e firct c:.cfc:1•..--c:.ll"C ouj.1t to ':~2..vc fei100~: ·(he J o..c.:vor"Gidnc; structure.- By '.1.is '.:11;.1 2LbiGsic:1 ·1;.1:0 J.s-t l:o:;:0:1::r.nt s2.i,:.1 t:12.·t :11.0 ur2.,i,1,0C:. '1..,nx~JoC.: uiroo on tho structuro to s:.~::r:: ~:c;;; -t:.:.c s·1;r1.wturo uc,o c.1...~1c;crouo,. T..1cro our:1rt to ~l:¥vo ~}con o.. f c:aco n.rouml other oo,ses uorc c1ecic1cc.l u.':.ic.1.! f ollouc.''.. tho r:ri:,.1ci:~lo r.nc'- rol:.□ cnir1,,::; of •• : ♦• /3 D ·ci· -:coc -'' .• : ·o,.,,..r,r, ~-- c~·1,.,;1·'-,,·-, 1vc.,.,. Ul,,i...J. o·P C. ~ -,~ "'C" T;ic cr.,sc of lb.t.:.:i:icc kvior :)lf',l.0 '.'.·.c·'.S 1•· ..Jv"·Tr: 1 ... ,_ - ~,_-:,_~, :':".·•_:-_ "" - ••• ., "" c...i1J...:1.J \ ✓ ,1.J. .J. :..,..:,t.,t..J.> ·1::i• t'cl:-.L1J,i ·vs. Bio..s:1c..r:-1. T:rn~;.~?,l~~C.?.)/Gl:. en,: Grcc1_1__1,t-;;'.::.C1li.-,. Civil A;_,:-ic2.l i'To, 19 ·:if 1983 ( c;·~) is rclcvc~r:: .i.,_c::c. Dc-.;-.1.::> ;0:::; r.,wc.rc:.c,l ?rc:rc 15,090/= f n:r ·0b.c dcc.:0b. '.)f :, 13 JtOC.:l.' ol~1. c:.c. t.1.[;Ylior,. 1!~: 1 Ibji ·0.'..1:i.r-, 500,000/= a.s c;cnor:::-..1 cl~~-.1~~:cz ~.n~l H:--..t.w:icc L:.VC'.i:'. lTo~.li~JlJi ':·: 00..SC CCilCCl'~lCCL t:.:.U :::-..ooic.1..o:,_1t~ 'E1c CoLU'..,G of ::. L)C2.l in 1984 e;-rm·0ot1. fJ.~1.s.15i 000/= c.s cc~1e;;cl -~.:.ioecs. 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