19910502 TZCA Dar es Salaam

:m THE COURT OF ..':..PPELL OF T.'11JZ.t1.NIA ( COR,'J1~ .-r ·.,-·J),:J.'j_.,:.~d R.,.J-1. J , o ? .,1.'.U.-J.,t.JJ.l.V.•,_i:>9 ... , 1 t .......... j\'ll~r,,,,u,,.. J oJ.:,.o , S 1.C.~ . d _l~J.£1...C'" M'TIIG'·1,ro .dJ,1 ·2 CRH1Drl:..L :J>PEi!.L lWo 138 OF ~ 988 B3TWEEH,. BU1'lDli.L.i"i. DOTO & iJJarm::R. • 0 Ai:JD 'I'ElJ]J REPUBLIC.. o ., • 0 • • • , • • ;, • • RESPONDElJT (.Appeal fror.1 the · conviction of tho High Court of Tonzc..nin at Mpa.ndo.) (Nqhomo., ,,.PRU - EJ) dated, tho 18th da.y of August; 1988 in Cr~m,i~l Scssioi-is C2,190 1Too 68 of 1985 JUDGr-IEHT OF THE COURT On tho 7th dn.y of October, 1983 a.t lJsondtm villugo within Mponda District, Rukwa. ?..ogion one, Duke d/ o Hdc.kama, wo.s brutally ai;to.ckod with a. panga. by a, person who cane to hoi- hot1cstcc.d il.1 tho evening,. Bvko succUi-:i.bod to tho injuries irrflictod~ Tho _police were inforncd of whd had happened o.nd wheels of invostigntion culminated to tho n.rrcst o..~1d n.rrnignmont of tho o.ppcll[;.llts who wore o.i'tor 11 full trial by tho f:figh Govxt (i1chom1..,, PRN oxto.1ded jurisdiction a,s ho then was) fow.1d guilty of tho rn.ll."dor of Buke Ndnknmo.. end sentenced to death. Aggrieved by tho decision of the High Court the ap:pollo....">J.ts hc.vo como to this Court. !i..rguing ngc.inst tho finding of the High Court Mr. Mwa.kila.sa, 9 lca.rnod Cou.">J.sel for tho c,ppollcnts, suboi tted that tho trial Court erred in adrlitting tho oxtrc jud.1cic1l ~tatcnont of tho 1st nppolla.nt, Bundcln Doto - ox..'iibit P2, ns, it uc.,s ~gucd, it w::s a one lmy intorprotn.tion and thct tto sta.to:·.1ont wc.s not road back to tho ' > .f . 2 1st 2-p:pc llr..nt o..ftcr it h.::d been taken dmmo It w::.s e:,lso su'u1Jittcd tho.~ the co11fossion 1r2,s rotr .,ctodo It Hc-S C'-lso tho lc::.r:1od do:fcnco Counsel's subnission tl1::-..t, thoro w:~s soDc doubt o,bout tho soco~1d o.ppollc.nt 1 s idontificntion o.s tl10 person uho h;-:ckcd tho docec,sod to doo.th on tllo fctoful ovcnin3' cs, it w:~s m g1.1.od, it wcs night tine wl1011 0 tho offence uns com1:i. ttod.o F:i.n0,lly :i'h'o l.Iwcldlnsn c..rcsu0cl t>:-.t t:10 police officer who conducted tho identification pc.rado ,K'.S not cc,llcd r,s o., witness :~nd tlmt this · woc.ko~1od tho prosecution cnsc o.11 t+10 moroo In robuttcl II:r., Nd1..mcuru, loc:.rnod Stcito ..:.ttornoy, rc,iscd a proli□ inc.ry objection tho,t tho E1o□orcmdurJ cif o.,ppccl ho.d bcoY1 lodged out of tio0; ~Tl•o r:hrokilnsc., lac.rnod dofonco Cou;:1so1, conceded tl10-t tho Dono1°2.ndun of ::..ppoe,l wc.s out of t:i.I10. TJ:io Co1..i.rt, for ends of justice, decided to oxto:.1d tho tir.10 c,i1d, tl:.oroupon Hro 1Tdm1g-uru argued in suppor ii of tho oonvictiono It wo,s his su1Snission that tho first 0,ppollo.nt freely c.nd voluntc.rily co;.1fossod to tl10 justice of tho pee.co, (PW ,,4), t!J.c..t ho · po.rticipatod in killing tho doconsoda il.s to -tho c..rgv.::.1ont the,t tho confession w::-.,s rotr2.ctcd Ih'o l'Tdunguru wns o:f tho view tlmt t~10 oviclonco of m1s2.11jo. Bugo.. c,nd Knshi::i.jo r:Ibungo,., (PW.1 o.nd PW.2 rospoctivoly),. corrobor2;tod first cppollc.nt's rotr2.ctod confossiona -- Fino..lly it wcs tho Republic c.rgur.10nt the,t tho confession, (Po2), implico.tod both Q;_f)pollcnts with tho. nurdor of tho docc2-sod. Tl..10 Court wo,s invited to disDiss tho ,:,,ppoc,lso From tho ovidonco tendered in thb lo-::mr Court tl10 1st e,ppollc..nt Bunda.le. Doto, u2.s convicted of tho o;ffonco of his confession to tho justice of tho poe,coo In his stc..ton~mt to tho justice of tho poo..co ho gc.,vo a, dctcilod c.ccount c..s to ully 210 docidod to kill tho docoo.sod •••/3 . I. ...' ., 3 o..nd how ho hired tho second c.p:9ollc.nt, l'-Iruirnro.. Chc:x-los IIo.sungc~, to do tho jobo 1st o..ppollo..:1t I s story to tho justice of tho po-~co thc,t t~10 dococ..sod l1o,d.:, bofo:ro hor doc.th 0 ono to his (c.ppollo.nt 1 s) house end 4 a.skod for o., hon and thc1t o.ftor l10 hc.d. refused hor roq_uost tho o~o hon wo.s, on the sane night, taken by tho· docoa.sod who, a.ccording to 1st o,ppollnnt I s belief, ha.cl cor.10 in tho f orn of c., hyena. o..nd tlcc1t his soff fell sick the following dc.,y e.nd died lc..tor in Sikoi1go hospitr..l whore he ha,d. sont him for troc.tr.iont cr.1ply dononstre-tod thot tho storj,-- ho gc.vo to the justice of tho pco..co wc.s only knovm to hin -:,.,nd a. free end volunta.ry account of wl10.t ho boliovod~ Tho sono is b.is confession to tho justice of tho poc,co tl-.i.G.t :10 paid Shs. 5,000/= to tho second nppellc.nt so thc..t ho (2nd c.,ppolle,nt) killed tho dococ.sod whoD ho boliovod to hc,vo bowi tchod his son., His dofonco thc.t ho n.:s lJO:-:,ton by t:::.c polioo c:.nd. forced to g:j.vo Q, stnto□ont to o.dnit th0,t ho llc.d killed tho docOC;SOd W;."',S Clo.).!'ly c.n on his body 1r:'..lon ~10 w.::.s o~c::.ni:.1od 1w t:.:o justice of tho poc,oo, (PW .,4)., Counsel, tl:d tho first 2.ppolli::,nt ret:r~ctod l1is confoc?ion; but it is one thing to scy tho..t en ~1.ccusod rotr,:ctod. his coi1fossion c:21d q_ui to c:.1othor to sc.y that a. rotroo1Gd confession co.1il1ot bo roliod upon to support a. conviction, Tho lm·r rocn.rding rotrc.ctod or ropudio.tod. confession is to bCJ f 01md. in tho decision by tho Et:,sto:rn .\frico. Court of L:pponl in TUW.l\JIOI vs UGlllIDli (1967) El~ 84 2t pc.i.~o 91 whore it wo..s hold tl1dg 11 .". a trio..l Court should accept o.ny confession w:.:ich hc.s boon r0trc..otod or ropudic.tod. with co.ution~ and oust bofo1~c foundi:16' a conviction 4 on such e, co:1fossion bo full;>7. s::-,tisfiod in e,11 t~:o circu.i:ist:-,ncos of t!~.~ c~.-,so tlmt t:.10 coY1fossi::.>n. is true e T.:.·.0 s:-,:-20 st;:-,:.:o_c..::d of l):',Jof is :;:-oc: uiJ:.\Jd in c,11 cnsos c,:;1d usuc;,llJ, 6 Cou:;..•t 1,ill o::.:ly c.:ct 0;1 tl10 confossion if cor1.. o~:ior2-tod in sor.10 1:1c,to:i.'i0,l p::::rticul:.rs ~-w indoponclc::t ovidonco C,CCopt::lcl b;:,, tho Courto But corrobo:c.:-,tio:1 is not nocoss::-..:i.7 in lc..1, o.,;_1d t~,o Col:rt i:my c..ct on c-, co:n'ossion a,lm10 if it is full;,• sc.,tisficd ::~1tor consido:ring • c,11 t:10 ::12.toricl points cmd :::v.x:;:-ou,1ding circl11:1S- te2'.cos thnt tho confossio:1 c:.:,mot ·but b-J t:;.·•no 11 ., : . . s uc hn.vo clrccil.y stc..tod c:.bovo in t~iis CC!.f::lO tho first e,ppollc.nt 1 s retracted confession to tho justice of tho poo..co wcs so det2-ilod ;-,,nd, considering t!10 surrounding circunstc.ncos, his confession is a, true c.ccount of wlmt :mpponod., Tl.101°0 w"s no suggostion, lo~._,vo 2-lono ovidonco 1 that the justice of tho poc,co hCJ.d roc.so;1 to II cook up" c, stor;y- c.ge1inst tho first e,ppollc.nt so cs to co..u::;c hin ).1is lU1doingo Eiron if, for tho s::.kc of o..l"'GtJJ::o:1t, corrobordion wns nocdod to supp?rt first 0-ppcllo.nt I s rotr;-,,ctod co11fossion tho ovidoncc of Ibs0-11jc. Buga,, (Plf., 1 ), c,nd the,t of K:..sl1i:,jo Ifougc, (RT.2)~ who identified t:.10 second a,ppollo,nt c.s tl:o :person u::.o f-:-,t2-ll;7 e,tta,ckod t210 doco::sod on t:!:lo no.toric..l ovonin6· f1..1.ll;r sUJ>;?o:rtod first G.pl)ollc,nt 1 s rctl•~,ctod confession w:1oro ho scid ho hirod second nppolle:nt for $~1s0 5,000/= to kill tho doce::..sodo Co::1in& to tho ovidonco touchin.:; tl10 second c.:::rpollc11t tl,.o tostLJ.ony of PW'. 1 c,.1d tl12,t of PU o 2 which ovido;_1co uc,s c,ccoptod b;y t:::o loc...:enod P.fJI a.s erodible, vto.s to tho effect tl,nt 1·rJ:or: t'..10 second 0,p:pollc.i1t c:nc to their houso 9 n.ppC,rontly cnorging frorJ tllo bush, ho o..skod for w2.tor to drirlk which wo.s given., Ho wa,s a,lso offered e, clmir 2-nd sc,t dmo no:..~ tho door. Thero wc.s 0-lso sorJo convorsc.tion bot~roon t:10 ui tnossos 2.,nd tho second nppollunt, tl1e lctcr tolling thoiJ tho.t ho l1o.d lost his wc,3",, Tl.mt being tho ovidonco t110 two wi tnossos cm:.ld not lmvo fe,ilod to identify tho second o..ppollo.:1t., Indeed thc;y did so in on ido:1tifico..tio:"2 pa.ri1do. i'lr. Hm1kilc:-sC'.. 1 s :1I'gt.LJ01-rb thd tho rc.coxcl s:~.ons t:.10.,t t!:o interpretor only interpreted Kisu.1~:-uno.. into Kisw~1ili end not vice verso.. .f ;'_. •~-tf I ., ., 5 and that this prejudiced 2,ppella~:ts 1 msc did l:.ot, wit~-;. res:pect~ we81ce:n tLe :prosecution cnso su o.,s to ro:::1de:r tl:o ext1~2.-judicial statoi:ient inva,lid., :·:o o,e_,rec tce,t t!:o :;:'cco1~d sl::iuld ho,vo s!,.m,:.1 t:.:at t~10 intorproteI' interrr-0fod l{isul:u:.:.2, i:1to Kim·ro2:.ili 2nd Kimr~Dili i!1to Kisuku::.1a but t~:.is 1•;;:i,s a :..10:ro o:·.,isabn 0!1 t:--..o pnrt of tl:.o justice of tho peace., It did :1ot 5 ic1 ou:r view, occasion fo.ilwo of justice a21d it is curable under so ct ion 388 of t!:e CPA., ?:a;;·· 1)0 it is 21ot insie,.,nifica~1t to :·_;Cl:.tion ti12,t 11!·.011 tl:e second appellant wc-,s arrested on 9/10/83 two da;,,-s aftor t!:o killinc;, l:.e was found witll Sl1s0 4,360/=., Tb.at bcinc tl10 position tho extra-judicial st0,to::·,ent of t:10 first appollnnt tl:o.t ho paid Shs., 5, ooo/ = to tho second appellant for a. job "well done" on 7/10/83 hes a rin,J of truth.. It is l1owovor our view t:mt indopondont1:1~ of first appollant•a confession tho •,J, socol1d appoll2.nt could L:0,,.~o boon ccnvictod of tho offence of ourdor on t!':o evidence of PF .1 and PU .2 2.10110 o Wi tl: respect to ti·~o loc..l~nocl dofo:noo Counsel wo o..:ro sntisfiod in our 01-m ;:iinds tho..t t:.:.oro wc.s c.::~plo ovidonco inplicc,tinc bot:1 2,ppollo.::t;;; with tho ::1urdqr of tl10 dococscd~ BtLl-co c1/o i:dcic.:>LlO.o 1fo O..GI'OO with t~10 loo..rned Ste,to ;_;, ttor:1e;z t~!nt tho so 2..ypbc-,ls s>ould bo disnissod i:1 their entirety awi:.l<ifl0.:."".:SO --~:dcr_, 11-:ft:,.--o f· s~ ,·. -~ ",__ J: ru&IID ··-;-:;;-·:m3YA~- 'i~is 2nd dcy of iia.y 1.9910 1 /.':} ,' :;,:::t?/?:', . ,//:, II ../.~.;~ .. ~,, \' \ ·, (!. : ./-· /~rj;: . ,, :' Cl! .., ·,(;·:~~7.:,. J;.r_·~~ ,._.,._.-,~ .. ·~ .!f.: ~\oSoLo PJ'JlLDIL:'J"fI \ \:' •,·· ··•·-:,,· • -~- : \:. l',. ·;' \' •. . -:,._ I JUSTIC::D OF L.PPE,.\L \ '- <:-I . .· ,'\,, f ·~ -~ 1 • ,•• ;. 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