19911001 TZHC Tabora

·r .. ;T":1-- , ...... , : r... ..1 AT T.aBOl.-lA OrlIG!NAL· JUd!SDIOTION (Tabora Registry) · Oi.UMIN~L SESS: JNS c:jsE NO. 76 OF 1988 ... T'fi;E itEPUBLIC V'erSlls DANIEL MICHAEL . :~ In this •ase the a.ooused person D.lNIEI, s/o MICR.:iE4 sta.nds charged :with an oftence of _murder oontra.r3 t• section 196. of, the Penal Code. It is thereto· alleged th3.t that accused person on -er about the 7th day ef July 1987 a.t Nya.ki tonto village within the D$~triot of Ka.sulu, Kigoma. Re~ on, did murder one KiJE s/o MV\JLUN~, 0 .The a.ceusod parson ha.a domed . that charge. The pr:osocuti on t3ido e3.ll od a. total . of 4 wi tnosscs.' •'Tho ovi dance - •f those witnesses may b-3.~ravi.si tod a.s 'follows •.. l'horo is evidonoa that ' ' tho doce::i.sod worked tog:Jthor wi tq. -the ac_cuso~. for one Mf4Y1] who did no'i testify in thi's -~~e. A p3.rtw:i.g~ of ·shs. 4,e /.~' w~~ to be P~id to tho doco,uod but up to tha ';.ito 'bf in6idciiit .thi.t wage. had not b0on _pa.id eut to nim, ·..,ith a. bolief th'lt tho .. Jccu.s0d. h.3.d oollootod tha.t :w~go on his • . 'eah:ilf, tho d.0001.sad hid ~t first viai ted tho. a•pusod. but only to f01.~1d tho wifo of tho docoa.sod who told. him th1.t the ~cpuscd hid not returned·· homo. But WhfJn l".1.-tor on tho doc0a.sod found tho :ii.OCUS-Cd ~t tho llttor's · ,. homo it is allogod th':1-t th,,y f,ought only to bo sop9.r:l.tod sh·ortly, A littlG l~tor whon tho figh.ting rosumod .:1t the ins.tig1tion f of tho , I • , socused tho palm .r tho h1nd of the do<H':>c\s,ad w3.s S<)Vorcd. There is ~n a.gr,3.;:;m-:,nt from bo_th sides to tLi s ff" cs.so th::it. tho ca.uso sf de:1.th wa.$ "injury <lono to tho p'.3.lm I • ., '~ • er .~ho hJ.n.d followed by sovero .hJ.o_mQlrh1go lfading _ti, shook. Nowt tur-ni-ng on t~ tho ovi.dcnca as a whol a-,' I Will look at wh,?,t tuk jlloo .:t,t Ny'lki tonto vill:lgc, in K:..;1,sulu:Di $tri:ct. . Tho· dcccnsod. 1 s wit e orio' 1.UHELI ,LEON.hill thi.; FW 2 who, was fcft 'l-t•homo' by the deceased. -Wls h,ter • 1nformad by.tha ctecaased. on his return th1t he (decoasad) had. gone t~ tho accus0d to oLiim f·or his She. 40 /.,;. Wh0n tha dooea.e:od told tho FW a. -&hat hu had not fourtd tho 1.ccusod <1t hfs.home,, it W9.s in no time tM.t • sho f:31.W tho a.ceus0d visiting tb.om t.h 1.t ovQning. .H this timo the doo·Etaeo<l, W3.s so3.tod in thoo.r iii tt-ing room. It •is •thon -she (PW 2) sJ.W tha a.oous·ocl I ••••• /2 •• 1.'I · c3.tchi::.'~\l.t.:aG ~of tL10 d.oc0~sed v-ihoin 'ho pull od ou tsido 'ind then th0 f.prmor ·~8'3.t up tho latter.• 4s tho homesto~j of the deceased is flanked on boih ::::l ..lw::, b;j l',ou::ios of Yus;_.fu Kalima tho PW 3 and one irn.LiNIA 4BEL t~e PW 4 1 }. 1 these two helped in sep~r:iting the accused and the deceased. Wh~reas the / , . ". J •• ~ - • M I, ,.; r~t _;._ FW 3 ,told. this court· th1t ho found the accused and tho > ~. docoasod fighting : • • • .. . j.. , - • ,.., ~ i' ~ ~ ~~ ~ mJ., q :e J,y :using. sti,iks, htnds a.rici' :fdrth•or"that-they .w~·uld ··ovo~--j~~'~ _o~ .e~°i~ other, .d.J ~ci -phe:.FW .4''in '.descri bi•ng th±s itimJ .incident' said ·t_ha.t the tw~ oomba.tants Wore ' .: ..T ,. . : I : I ' ( j~ : . . ... ~ . • ~- ,: ,:f; :i,.gb. ting_~ by; us~ rt g •t# cir~ c,w .ci >!is1.rids·; The PW 3 sa.i'd that 7he W'3.s tho f~rst · to . ,wh<.' ., int0r.vo.n:e . Afi on-' :iHo :otlrnr>IJ1nct' the PW 4'" sa:'i& th~t •· th~y d.Gcided . . to ,!e~,t spP?-;-a.t_o tf\otzt ??c.:~u~et tAa,-,-., cloceasod. a.p~oar~d' t'.o~. o'e .:,tro~r:'dn·t· bforp:~wi~od.. . . In t_ho cour-s.e.•,of .this i:nt·o-r.y,on:ti,on i,n¼ this •fi ghti rig 'th'o · PW ·2 was hit• a.nd J. '1.!·X" t.." • a.~.. ,. I .. • .. • . ,L ' ,r '!"'·-r_ • , ' • -· ' I . -,u:-:od on th e h e a. d o . in.,.., ~ • • ·, •,. ~ ~ 11..,·, ,.._ . _.,., .-.i • .. •1·••• · . . . . . . . . ~ •;.::·•,.~·· ~ ..••.••.•. 1 ~ .J 16 : ( ..- l ;"' • ,,. ~ ~ .. ~ ,, .. ,. ~ ),. ,. ,r ,~L ;: ~• ._,•.·~-~- : •., ;.· •.., •~ ~\ fl_ i c;t . Th::. a6ctissed and: the tloc03.s6d wor'3 -seem p:i.rting and. hua.ding at,,e3ach , .~ .,,, .. . ... ~. ' j ' 1'r • ,.Qno' s rospocti ve home,, Tho' P~ '_2 wont to ~~p~s~ ~hs.t,.t~o ... 3.~,cu~e'b. o~ t ·,N'e.tu:rno.d short1y'·t•ojth~11?"'f1o~l'\:~lu.10 • ~ a.r~~d Wi.th•V;,..·_~atchot. ~ '~ .J •• ,; " The.FW ,.3 "'C .. • • ;1, J:. .~,1-.. r~id .on -~hi·s point tha_t ·w~en ·1~:~r.' on ·tho accuso~ ~..eJu~n~d. ~o ~ho hou_sa :.,-__.;of~.th0 .deoaa.sod· wfu.la a.rnfrid. with a. matchet he appear.:d possos~ed with . fa.ngor and he 'uttorad. many words prominont of which wore (I quo.to) ·''NGOJ .:i ffiJ'YU, MSnENZI NIMWONY...JSHri. ''~ - Tho PW 3 tried to .l-asooch t?_'=. acqp.sed. lh3t as ·i;l:cy had s..:.p!~ated':thsm~ "'\hEly ha.d no rs-'3.son to. continue fighting each othoro But th0 accused ~ho appo'3.red fierae. shouted . . ( 1 quote) . 1 : 11 ;.r:;:.:icrC :~l-iiJlf.ill NIACHEE 111 moaning that ho .h!l.d '-.➔~ to be l •Jft all. a.l.o.ne. ~ ·....... ..~ t :It"'is, then· th'3.t tho accus?i rush.ad at thG decoased11 .Whereas it is~ o.p.ly ~; ·k :th.t .PW - 3. who s4id th9.'t · th"e :ioih t · i:r.. the·_-pa.lm._.·t~· ~h~:-·h~~d:·.~'3.s: ~~VO~Gd·:: t!. Jle~ving. only a· skfn that cbnnoctad' the two p:uts,., the PW 2 on. h0r .Pa:tt ~s•woll as·tho PW~4- on·h1s·pa'.rt 8a.6li sai'd th~t th~·Y siw that _th,e~ha.nd.: , n ,,, t ' 1., \" 1J ;,._ ;:, , ,• .... l( ,.; • "' of tho doco~sod vlas;•out· on tho''pt1m leaving tho fingors dangling• • Tho accused ~a._s not so,;;p ·,thoro any mora.· Tho ma.tc.l:iot ·.thit hadt~ boan ifit,•. * . . • • - •• '" ••, _ ,• , • t t. :.1., usoc\ by t.ho a.caused r.,oul.i no.t .b.e. t.racod:i 1 ! ,~"'.! -i ... t ·~ , . , - . ·..c J \, t . •. ,.. - • I + Tho doca'il.sod was, ,ta.k~n ,._ :.1,: -· .!. • • .. . • , • ... to,, ,a,' village disp·d'nsl.ly-1' W.hero-'0fforts to " "'1· .. ~ ~, - ; ~ go,\ m?dica;i .~reatment .f;til.odi. Th{j PW 4 w,rnt · on to· s3.y that' ~hiio th~:;- oarri od tho d~coas0d on 3. str,:;tcher :on th-:i way to· the di sp~n-s::i.ry ho · • • •..,_ < • ~ }. ., '° ~ '.' ,. .. f • I ,. .. •I • ... W' com_pl1i.nod ~,,: ,L . that • ~.,. if ho,wa.s.•goi'ng•.to ,. dio•it.:.wa.s b0ca·ifso of injurios ho .. had oust::tined in t.f?.e stoma.ch .on :1.ccount of his bei.rig ·tr:1.mplod on by the _t ..·,::vt~ {j,...,,. . . • j , . aocusod., Thero was also tondorod ovidence ~bout drunkenoos of tho accused porson, I 'J,'ho l?W 2 sa.i,d.~ ,.t,h.:1.t tho 1.0:;u.scd :1.p_p~J.rd v"'ry ~..runk o~ tho d.::iy in quostio.1i. ' . u Tho. PW 3 and the FW 4 rs'.liJ th:1.t they notic0d that tho accused ap_po:uod. ............. /3 . 1 .. 3 drunko The PW 4 added th~t though, the accused was not very drunk buti he appeared as though he was a lion, The fW 3 as well as the PW 4 also said that ,he was a. known fighter j : . the village and. that wherever drunk the accus<3d used to fight his ·nei ghbourse- A police officer No. B 4493 Detective station sergeant KAVULA, the PW 1 :in this ca.so, testified that after a. report about the.d.eath of the deceased. had been sont to the police station on the 8.7.1987, he wa.s assignod a police ca.so file in connection with that report. ~nd he went on to say that accom_pa.niod by Dr. NDALITUKE (who did not testify) they wont to the village in @estj.on, The fW l inspeotecl tho s.ceno -. . ;tAe skotab. plian o:r of the crime and: ha drowLtne sceno of orimij• _Thi.a sketch plan of the scone of crime is marked .Exh P 1. J)n Exh. 'f 1 it is indic3.tod. that the fight to_ok, .place a.t point A whioh is 31 paces to point B whore the d.ocaa.s0d foll. ,It i.s 36 paces from the house of the decea.sad to t.ha.t of th(: accused persone . ~s. the a.ccusG-d had a111~_ady been {i.r;restad. 4 tha PW l recorded statemonts of both the intended., r,rosecuti on wi. tn~ ssae and the accused person. The accused donied. causing the death of the claooa.sed•. I..t is tho ref ore _on the woi ght of tho foregoing OVi.danoo that the accused. _fou.rtli himsdf charged as indicatod herein bef0rs • . ' Tho acouseci p:Jrson t_,;1tifiocl on,. oath. Ho iid not ca.11 any Witneeses. He said tha,t · _o.n the day_ in questi-on~ he. left. for his sha.mba only to return to his horne . ' . a.t a.bout 6. 30 p.m. ' ' He. r...cei ved a. roport that the deceased. had o~llod twice to thGir house. But bofore his wife had finished telling him all that,' thore appeared t~o doooa.sad who immediately demand.ad. to be given the money the deceased ha.cl. laboured. f o;~ Dos pi to his roply ·tha.-t their , employer had not. gi van th.om their money!. the docoasod attacked him by .Pulling . him in th~ .. cUrecti on of the d3oea.s~ci• s _hrJuse for a.bout 10 pa.cos• The a.oousod wont on to say that ho hasooched. the· deoea.sad that he had to ·wait for their om,Ploy<3r unj;il th.a n~xt da.y but the cleoe~sed did not agree. The accused. continued to say tha.t they fought so mueh so that some _peopl a h3.d. to i:,v in tervono the fight& Whilo avoiding to sa.y '.inythin.g a.b-:.u t C'3.usii+g injury on the doooa.sad, ~he accused want,on to.ox.Plain how ho recoived a report from tha PW 2 that tho d0ooa.s,3d ,b.a\l been soon crying, how he wont togothor wj. th tho PW 2 to the PW J wl1Giro th,~y found the doco~sod to bo cryi.n•g, hew ha had to call in several tonh0uso coll leaders and how tho d,3ceas~cl was h0ard re.Plying tha.t he had got injured bcc·a.use. of drunke.q 0 .r.:o •• It was in re.Ply to cross• examina.tion by tho ,Prosecution that tho a.ccuaod s~id that he is not the one who had. inflictod the wound en. the arm of tha dec.aasoi • . . . .. . .. . . .. /4 4 - .· · ho The accused 'Concluded his defence statement by ex,plai_ning howl.Participated with other villagers' in taking tha deceased to the village dispensary for treatmento We have 1t sottlod in our minds that there is no dispute that the . '.'.· . . deceased KAJE MVULUNGU is dead. He died on the 8.7.1987, although the l,lartioulars in. •.the filed: information - show that that death ...~oeurrod 011 the 7.7.1987 •. _Mu.Ph as·_thore is evide.noo to thow that the deceasod got inju;ed on the 7 • 7.J,987 ho di ad at a.bout 3•PO. _a..tn. of the 8, 7 .1987 • A ' . d.oot,or who oonduo~ed tho autopsy o~o Dr. Nda.li~uke did .not testify in.this oa.s·o ·hon6e l0avi!1g cause of death v:~.~Y..- ~uch in doubt sinoe the learnod defenoo counsel had strongly •objected t-ctthe . pr~auction_ of a post mortem . . report No reason has boan advartced as .to why _the prosecution. failod to . I . fortify thi~ point. J)aspi te this, the _prosaoutio.n side has said that thay have provod thi a. case beyond roason~ble doubt_. Thay have a.ddod that_ si.noe the provisions of Sqction:.200 -of· the Penal Oocle have been complied wi'tdi to show : -that . ~ the luliin_g was with m~lioe aiorath~ughtt .. tho accused eho'Uld bo found. guil 1otas ch:1.rgad. .ThG dof~·nca sid.a on tho other hand. have oountared. that b.esides an a.tlmi ssio.11 bj · the acous~d that he causod injury in tho docaasod ox,t>l~r1?-ti·ons for those acts a.re_ defenoos of intoncation s.: , and provocation. After I haci a.ddrosreri gontlemen :a.ssess-9rs in s~ng up and thon oa.U eci ' them upon to give me their r<3spccti ve o.Pinions, they each told' ma that . •' • ...c.:, . they woro sa_ti sfi_ed· that as: 'the charge had. been provad. aga.ins.t :the accused, ho had to bo cpnvictod ~s.-chargGd.a With 'gre~t respect to. thom I. am,.going. • I • • to differ with., these gentlemen assossets for the reasons I am. going· to anurrtl.rate horeundoro . First• a.s---I .POi·nted out abov<i :.no post .m'ortem has bean . . .. I produced in this case and. no. roasons havo beo.n acfvanced. as to why a doctor who C!lond.uctad the post mortem was not called. Thero is a <iying declar.-tion by tho- d.eooasod •.cording to the evidence of tho PW 4 that if' he was to die it woq.ld bo because of injuries he ha~ sustained in the stoma.ch because of being trampled i>n by the accused..· The dootor was to bo asked whothar or· 11ot oa.usa of death would ha.vo bocn caused. becau.sa of such injuries a.a ~ell.· Here we ,are loft in tho cl,irknoss. I addrossed the gontl amen assessors on .both the legal meanings of -»rovocation and irito.:xic~tion. As for provocation I said that in order f•r that dof enco to suoceea. as a• do'fl:ince in a h-'micide case, it must bo esta.bli-shcd that thero was su~!Jon provocation anci that the kind of .Provooa.ti o.n ••.••••• /5 f ·:. - 5 .... must '),.: ·f:" sue:: "' nntuxc ~ 3 to 1Jo likely, .'wllon ··offorqcl to an o:rc1.ina:ry parson, to do::_n-j_ vo such P,Orso:n of t:. :3 :pouor of solf •- control 211C.1. to ~ -incl.no~ :--, .~-~.:.1 t:1r. !1oat of :po..ssion t . comni i; an assault or if1j'u.ry causing tho :rosul tent c:oath. k2ply:i.nc t'iis dofini iii on to t::o facts a.t ha.n:l ono l-r.i.11 d.ind thc.t thoro io no ovirlonco to sl::.ou ii,.at: tllo aoo·uscd was :;_:irovo~cod by tho docc.:-,3a::l. Tho ov.i.clonco has it thn t c.ftor t!:o accunoc1 :;:-.r.:c:. lon.rnt tllc.t t!:o c1oooo..□ . . oc1. !1.acl visited him :--.o t~:on followod tl:o ·doooa.sod at his homo ifuoro ho caused :U.m tl:o injuries. Uow was tho• provocr,tion contained in t:~o rv:i.si t by -t;;:-_o dooo2.soc1. to t:.lo homo of .... • 1. : .. t:10 accusocl? V'ists a.re never b1ow..1 to bo causes of provocatio:1. I now ttU"".a to tho dofonco of intoxication. It is not a clofonco in la.w for ono to se,7 't:: ..J. t ho oo.r1r:d. ttod t.':lo off once chnrecd bocauso ho was fu-w.1k -· section 14 (1) of tho Po11al Coe.a. acoord:Lng to conclitio:1S sot. by tl:.ot· sooti011 :?.,-S :provoquisitos for ~G.,t aspoot to be a dofonoo in -law, w;.1.at no l::.r.c,;-o t:: aol;.: ours0bros is w:iaeor. or not according to tilo md.cfonco the acat.1.SJd wn.13 so clr'tuu. as ~-10t to know 1iho.t ho was doing. At· loaot f'rom -tl:.a oiroumotanoos .of t'.J.o oaso I find tha.t t.1.io acausac1 cannot bonofi t from tl:.?.t dofonoa. T'J.5.s is boca.u.so tho accused n. t first wont. to tho homo of t:'.lo cloccc!.-Sod ,Lo:c·o ::o f~)l;_:)1t t;.~o latter before faoy woro SO?a:r:: trn,.o S::_ort~r thorc2.ftor t:\a .aocusocl roturnod to t.1.10 :.:on0 of tho doooa8vl anct in ti.a causa of ~10 f'ic;,it ho in;jt.irod "C.lo iooonsod fatally. I :1oroby fin(l t:-iat clofonoos of p:::-ovoc:itio!1 ancl into.x:ioa.tion a.ro not a;:rc?.ilai;lu :i. or -t::.::.o accused in t:;.is case~ I now fimuly turn to whot:J.or or not thor6 was mlico afore tb.ou{jlt. Yo have to asl: oursolvos t·rl.10t~1or 01' not tho ld.lli..."lc; was inta:1tionally oommi ttoc1.o Didi tho accused into:1d to cause· gri voou.s 21arm or C:id tho accused lla.vo knowloJ.30 that '.1is aot would probably co.uso ctoa:t:.: of tho dooo:i.sod.? I wo-vJ.d a.~lSwor all of t::oso questions in tho noc;:.tiva. B"<J ~o accused raor-oly n.rmil'.IG himsolf 1r.i. t:~ a !Il2.tohot it is not prO".J0l" for tl.ds , court to im;_)J.;:jr that :tho accunod i11to11ctoc'.. t!10 cloath of tho G.0002..Slld on a palm ~- joint and. t½.is ai:;s.in cannot alone be ~2~id to havo baon intended to oc:.uso ,::p'.'iv.::ou.s :.::.a:..':l~ From t::o totoJ.i ty of tho oviclonco in t:..tls on.so I finc1. tJ:at tta of:r:'cnco ctr.ro::irl has not boon proVO(l to a ::itancla.rd. required by lawo I fincl "i.tG accusccl not Qtti.1 ty .of tl~.o offonco 0:1.u{;"Oo., i11.gtaad I fincl t:.o acousocL :3,:ti.l ty of rnnnsl:::i,t"01tor contrary- to section 195 of t.½.o Pcn:.,J. 00,lo a.no. !1.0 is aoco~cc..i.nzi-y oo:wictoc1 of -Cta.t offonoo. l[. a. c. 1c.w:~:n, Pillv! (E,Je) 01/10/1991 ····••16 - 6 - . , PP1 T'.iare is no rocorcl of J?ro-Jiov.s ~o:rvict.ion. Even tb.on in racard to oiroumstancos of this case, Illc;'X'~ ~:~ oo'UJ;:'1 D~ss a·bofitting santenco. Iv~. Lucyp.. . 'Iha accused j_s a:;ec'l 34 ;pcrs. He is a youn{;lllnn aril. :J.e is str0n~ onqu..::;-~. to mke him a crood oo..n,.:'_:_~1.r,te for :nation building a,otivi tios. 'Ilia accusect 1-as ooan in remanc.l ovo:rsinca July 1987. 'lhe. accu.secl ~1as a family of a wifo a.."1.d chl.ldron. Tho cb.ildren and his wifo clopenLl on him. 'ilia decoasoc1. ,ms drunk: jt1.st liko wo.s 'Cle Acouaod. Uo pray for 11 lenient so:atoi1oe • T:1.2. t is all. . Scmtencd! 'Jho accused is a first offorider.. After tald.nz aJ.l t!lo oiroumstances of this oaso as wall as. all tho mitigating factors, I serionsly donourtco tho act of tl.10 accused t'!.S:i.nt,; a lethal weaJOl'l. I thorafore aontonce tho aoousod to go to jail for 6' yaars. n. a. c. I~UERI, _ PRM (E~J.) . OJ. .10.1991. R/A EJq) lainocl, M. a. c. ~-:_~--mI, J;'BM (E.J~) 01.10,1991 Courts Assessors: aro tl:i.ankacl c-!Xld discb.argod. M. G. C. K.A.JERI PRM (ID.J •) o:i..10.1991 Dalivorod,in (Y_i)On oourt ms lst:day of October 1991 in t~o pros0no0 of Mr. Mwanrpom...1, loa:rnod Stnta Attorney for tta Ro:pu.blic ancl Mr. LU{s'Ua loarnod counsel for tho accused parson. i '·. ~~::v;._ . .,. ,_. . ...·-. J<~-5- .,· \ ..,:....::-·--, ,, M. a:· C., K<l.:rfilI EiM. (E.J.) m.10.1991 '·i