19910628 TZHC Dar es Salaam

- 97 TEE UNITCD Pj]p(J]LIC OF Ti1.UZ.'UTIA IN THE HIGH COURT OF TANZJJUA AT DAR ES SLIJ......'IM ORIGINJJ., JURISDICTION CRHID'11lL SESSIONS CASE NOo 59 OF 1984 THE REPUBLIC • V8:i:'SUS . 1. ELL'\S SITIMBA · 2o RAMIS I R.."Jt.'illIT.llNI.@ MKWlulUZO Charm?• Murder o/s 196 of tho Pencl Code Capo 16 J U D G M E N T: MREMA, l>RM(EXT.e JURSDo) E1e proceedings of the Polo ~how that on 26/12/80 four accused porsons,mmoely, Elias Si-!;imba, Rn.nadhani Mbegu, Ramisi Raoo.:!hani all.an Mkwaruzo and Y~'\UID JOBN were arrai.c,ned before the Kiwkohi !istrict Court: :far the murder of one Salohe Mgeni at MpiGi_ vill8.o""C, IV1bezi er.ea .._L in Kinondoni District and Region of Dar es SalanJn.o The P .I, prococd.illf,'S ' further reveal tho.t on 18/ 1· 2/81 .it tro.nspired 1)eforc the Dintrict Court that the third accusedHa.misi Rnmadharu., now second accused1 nnd tho 4th accused Yo.umua John ho.d escaped fron lo.wful :remo..nd pris,J11S and in effect nn order for wm-ro.nt of nrrcst wn.s issued nE,-c..inst t~1n t"t-10 £i.ccused 10 11ersons. · The first a.ccused El,w.s Siiiiraba and the then second a.ccusod Ro.mo.dhani Mbegu continued to be remanded while the two other accused persons rooo.inod. at largeo On 17/2/82 the Kivukoni Court wns informed thnt the third ci.ccuscd Ramisi Rar.io.dhnni hnd been ru.Testcd. Hcwovor i. Hlllilisi (3rd accused) was not br01..1gl.lt to court until .19/3/82, nlso beiore. the samo district Court nnd nppa.rently with thc·1st a.nd 2ndnccused. Tho 4th o.ccused . Yciurni! John continued to reooin o.t lm-geo The c.J.se contirued to drug on at the district court for various but apparently fliosy rca.sons such as 11 the sto.toracnts hnvo not been typea•.11 Nevertheless on ·7/4/83 th0 court decided to proceed to hom:- the :preliminary ing,uiry in 20 res.poet of tt10 o.coused :persons except thci- 4tli oocused Ynuouo ·on 8/4/83 the tlu-00 accused persons were oor.in:i.ttod to +,. . rli@ Court for tri3lo - 98 On 3/7/89 ·th9 Hi611 Cow:-ii, before Hon. fuhn.ti, J • wns infornod that tho second r.ccused Rnma.dhani Mbcgu wn.s dond, it_ therefore followed that the. case c.eainst tho 2nd accused Rnno.dlmni Mbogu nbctod• A :D:-osh che.rgG was presented l)oforo this Cou.rt a.rraigning tho. 1st o.ccusod Elias Sctiobo. and tho 2nd cccuscd Hruaiai Ramz:,.,dlmni alias Mk.woruzo on 2/10/89. Before that dntc, however, a. prolinina.ry h011ring under section 192 of the Cr. P. f~., 1985, wn.s conducted and four be.sic points on mttors not in dispute were agreed upon by a.11 tho parties. The memornnd.um of .:i.sroor:iont fs ns follows:- (a) That Thero is no dispute thnt So..lohe Mgoni died on 18/12/80. (b) · Tl.mt tho deceased wcs violently killed; to be J;ll'Ocisc, ho io shoot doo.d as ni:iply corroborated 1)y the postoortc □ exaciimtion report - exhibit P1 - which states that death was due to intcI>nal bloodinc cuu.sod by bllllet wou.nds. (o) The docoo.sod1 s doc.th occurcd nt the shop prom.sos belonging to one Ma.rc.ndu. ( d) Accused nur.1ber one, Dlio.s Sotir.lbn.J wns CJ.Tested at Kwoobo villa.eo. It will be noted from the p.1.•ococdines tlmt five points l:oldine natters ncit · in diS,PUted. we:ro listed down but hero I !:eve listed down· only four of tho~ as tho fifth one, though a.greed upon by the parties, is nothini:; but a. rei>oti tion in connection w:i. th tho· physicn.l violqnco U.~C!l tc: toroinn.to 20 tho life of tho decoo.sed by shooting hio with a, gt.mo I will now :::O\"Q to tho history of tho en.so thoo.ch in c hutsholl. lt \ is in evidence thct on 18/12/80 a. shop belonging to one Mn.rnndu wa.s invndod by a. group pf c..rned robbers. In tlmt shop there wore two o.ttendnnts, one· was Wilfred Ililtwc Kii:inro and tho other one wns Vicent. Before tho robbery end tho killine of the deceased took plo.cc, tho court was told in evidence • by one Yusufu Shoon.ri, (PW3)tlmt on th..~t dny b.e h..1.d just n.ri~ivcd n.t ho□c fror:i tho CCM Office to wi thd:ro.w the CCM fleg l:'.,S it wr.s n.lro11d;y- · 6 .oo p.m. when tbroo persons a.ppcarod and requested for c:1:rinldng wa.tcro AooflG tho tJ:i.xoc persons PW3 identified tho first accused Tillio.s Seti□bn. It is PW3 1 s 30 evidence th2,t ho know Sotinbn because they wcre_ocetinc a.t ponbe D.nd other socin.l plc,ccoo Ho further sc,id tl1e,t nftor givinc then wntor to clrink, the first O.CClc'!.Sod o.sked PW3 to show then tho: wc,y to Mbezi a.ren. Shonnri continued to testify that ho suspected those people for throe na.in things: _Ono wo..s thc.t, a.'bout tuo dnys prier to 18/12/80 their villa.go shop, i~e. Mnrc.ndu' s shop, wo.s invo,dod by robbers n,nd sono rca.sonn.blo ['.[lount of z:10ney wn.s stolon; secomlly1 the first a.ccuscd Elio..s Sctinb2, wa.s cr.r:ryine o. nylon bn& which cont[',in0d n.n object therein, which whon,?no'looks nt the b2.g(o:rlernnlly) ostensibly c..ppoarcd to bo n {?,Ul1 9 c..nd. thirdly, PlT3 wondered hi□self why the 1st nccuscd who knew tho.:b c.ron qui to well a.skcq. PW3 to show then tho wn,y to r,Toozi. 99 Ncvertholcss PW3 told ther1 to use the road vin. tho villD.t,'""C CCM Office. Inviow of .tho doubt entcrtc.inc_d by PW3 o.1:iout thoso three parsons ho t h ~ t it. best to inforn tho owner or cnployoos of tl:e an.id shop in order to o.lort then. · Thie tir:1e tho tbree persons ho.d left FW3' s honcsteC'.d• PW3 then decided to wnlk to tho shop but on his we::, he po.sscd via the honCJ.~O.d /:.,, of the dccocscd Sa.loho Mt3'0ni n.nd requested the lo.ttcr to follow ShoLlC.l"i to the shop. .i:"..cco:i.~ili.!16 to Pt-13, tho shop n.ttcnc1.;.nts, Wilfred Kina.re (PW1) and Vicent, wore in the shop o..nd wcro en.ting. PW3 then narro.tcd tb.o stol;Y to PW1 who, o.ocording to PW3 t sta.rtcd to pa.ck the shop i tons but. shortly . pn thcroc..ftcr the c.llogcd bandits m-rivod. The ·ovidcnco of PW3 5ocs1to stn.tc 10 thnt there wo.s 1:m order fro□ tho bc..nclits thct xoquirod everyone to lie die• The deceo.sod Sa.lcho, n.ccordine to PW3, wc.s sto.ndinc nt the door of tho shop when GUf1 shots were fired. This frightened PW3 who throw hinsclf ctown and sto.rtod to cro..wl. Tho witness contiooed to tell tho court tho..t he wc.s able to identify tho parson who wc..s firing a.nd thnt wr-,r:: the first a.ccuscd. PW3 stopped a.t n. distance of 105 po.cos 'C..WC,y fron the shop o..nd tried to wo.tch whn.t wn.s happening r~t tho shope. This tine, n.ccorclin{s to PW3, tho ville.go neighbours 0000 rem-er to tho scone n.nc:1- wore n.ll wni tine for tho robbers to cone out f:ron the shopo It is also tho evidence of Shonc.ri tlmt ho sn.w the bn.ndi ts cooin{;' ov.t fron the shop and off they fled frou tho scone n.ncl wore 20 soon cD.ITyinc bod shoeto, rc.clios n.nd cicarottcs • Thon PW3 and the villO{,'Cl'S who h.o.d turnoct up n.t tho scene went to the scone r,t tho shop. PW:) cntorocl tho shop o..nd found Scloho Mgeni wo,s killed. It is in tlco evident record tho.t PW3 sc.w faro wounds-, once •on the right and a.notho:f. one o~ the left crn pit::.t PW3 ·wcs o..cconix-:.nied by 11 other people fror::1 tho villa.go to report tho incident to the CCM office a.nd thcron.ft.cr to ll'Ic.c;ononi Police Stn.tion where they no.do their sta.tencnts o Police then 6ccor.1pc.niod then to Mpigi villO{;'C c.n.cl the lc.ttor r.ssfst.cd tho police in tho invcsticn_tion. Followil1G tho sta.tonont PW3 n2.,dc.to tho police, n_cluo wn,s.thorcforo provided end tho police en.pita.lisod on this to hunt for tho cxininnls • 30 11.t tho scene PW3 br:.d picked up, tbroo ca.rt:ddccs which were hrmclod over to tho police, [UCO an unused or unspent bullet found 2.t tho scone. Those have been tendered to court M exhibit P4o PW3 led tho police to Kibo.nba. village whore tho 1st accused wo.s liv:i:.l'lG• ~ccuscd wns not,_ pro sent at his honosteo..d, PW3 tole. tho Court o Thc,t a.ccused · Elias Setir.iba. wa.s believed to have cone to tho ville.co of Kwenbo whore nccused' s in-lo..ws were livin[;.. Police uero shown the house believed to be tho honcstcc.d of tho fo.tho:r in lmi of the first c.cc1.1.scd 0 It is PW3' s evidence tha.t nccuscd Elir.s Sotinb:.-.. wns found collinc; cii;nrottes outside tho house of his f2.tho1' in lrn·r o Police into::...--roL;ntccl hiQ end eventually 40 irlforned hia th,.1.t ho wc..s suspce'ted of hnvil1£,' killed the docoa.scd Snlchc M[:,uirl. but thnt ho denied. Ro w2..s n],so c.sked to show the police the cun believed to be in his possession. Acnin accused denied l~~vinG one but subsequently 100 he tolcl tho police thc..t the cun wcs in tho posscooion of his collcn6uo nt Kibc.□b[', nocr KiiX'..nbn. dn.i:'c,jc.,ni (bridco). Police m--rostod tho· first c.ccusod who now led then (police) to Kib?-nbc. dnrc.jo.ni·e · Ren.ch.inc near that house c.ccuscd pointqd to tha.t house where tho person a.lleGCd to be in possession of the Ql1l m:,s livinc. Tbroucl1out P113 wr..s with the po'.l.icc a.nd ho witness tho soa.rch in tllr:.t s2.id house or honostoc,d. .1.'l.ccordi11G to l'W3 police a.t first d.id not soc c.nythinG in that house o Tho owner of tho house 'I-ms intcrroGo.tod a.bout tho c..lloccc'i e,un tho 1st cccused h<.:.d sr..id. tho person wo.s l:r:.vinc; •. PW3 fm:'thor sc.id thc..t the first o.ccusod wr.s known to PW3 by the n.."..ao of 11iif,-n.nclr.Y. Police ce,llod Ma:-,ndc. ( 1st c.ccusod) tb thnt 10 house when tho owner of tho house denied thct ho ovo:L~ possessed nny GU!l• Meo,ndc. 1 o.cco:rdinc to tho witness, o...:.do tho follow-inc st.:1.tcoont, c.nd I quotas~ "J3wc.m nini nir.1okt.1.jo. 1 ikivn:-, kufr.:. tur..iokwishc kufc; tu:r:cocopc. J.uwz2. tuoriyc she bunduki o" After M(,'C,nclc)s stc.tonent$. tl.:.o owno:..· of tl12.t house, .i.e. ~~c.ndc.'s colloc.cuo, took tho police to noc.r side of his honestea.d (house). It would nppon:r f'r'or.1 PW3 1 s tostiuony trot this witnoss c1icL not o.cconpc.ny tho :police to c thicket whore subsequently tho GL'l.11 1-,2,s shown to tho police• PW3 saw tho police enc: tho owner of tb::;t house rotv.i·ninc; to tho f::cont side of tho house oc.rr;yinG c, QIDo PW3 j_nforDed. tho COtU,t thc..t l:o would noi:i now 1JO in 20 c position to identify to tho court tho person ho sc.w on thct J,:,y who shouod tho said c,ui1 to tho polico.o TJ.10· cour·l; wa.s [',lso told by PlT3 th'-t Mcn.nd...1. ( 1st a.ccusod) told tho police thc,t thoro wo1,o noro person who -~ook J?n.rt in tho coonis0icn of tho offence a.nd tI-:.o:l: thono pe1,sons lived 0,t tho villO,f,--C of UlUQXt.'1..mi, n.lso o..round. Kibc..o.bc. c.roc,, Tb.is tiiJO tho person ·-it:i.o showed tho ·cun wr..o in tho custoc"'.;y- of tho police. Tho tuo suspects, p·:73 ri.nd police d1:'ovo to Ult..1c,Tu.·--,m1 villac.,--o nncl ct c.. certo.in :point, P~J3 told the, court, MG2.ndo. c..nd his collec[,UO shouod tho police tho reoic'cencos of th,; two other persons. Tllo two persons, ccco:rcli,'JG to FW3, wore ili.'Csont and police c..rrcstod then. F:ro□ there tho four suspects, PiT3~ the -:police ct:-ovo to Mne,c,1Jeni 30 police stc..tion n:fter which P:-13 wo..s d.i.scb.s..'\..1'C:,"Dclo So fc,1~ this is thtl evidence on which tho cnso for p1~0Gocution is bc..sicc.lly rooted upon. Tho cou:..,t clso rocoivod. tho ovi.donco of '\Tilfrod 100-10 Kioo.ro (Pf11) • TbrOUGhout his cviclonco this uitneso never oentionecl c.Jout P1-T3 - tl:c.t he visi tod tho sho:p on i;hc,t dcy uhon tho invasion ooow..,odo His tostinony is to tho effect tl::.c,t it wc,s c.bout 6 .oo p.,n. wl:en he wc.s bnthinco TI.:o dccotcsed went to the sho11 2.t about thr,t ti;-.1e, I'W1 1 s o..ssist::nt - Valentine wc.s SQ.id to be :present 2,t the shopo Thon the .dcooc.scrl tr.lkccl to HT1 o.,t the plcco tho lcttc1~ rn:'-s to.kine showo1,s nc.:i. 11i11c PW1 tho..t LC should be cc..roful as 0 there wore dubious poi~sons soon nrow1c. tho :ple,co cncl. wor-o suspecter, to '..:;o 40 robbo:r-so P1-T1 1·oquostocl tho dococ.socl to wc..i t fo1· l1ir.1 bu:t just before ho : :,no out 101 :f".coo ti10 'be,tho rooo ho hocrd o. e:,1..m shot. PW1 1"\..tshocl to tho noc.r clo01. side, 1 entered 'in tho shop builclin.?, cmd hid nt sooo plnco. Ho could. soc two people fron tho [JC,in doo:i. of tho I~ousc pushinc tho dococ.sod to tho boclroon 1 nnd orclo:;..~ocl hin to lie on tho bod. Thon they uont to tho s1:op s:i,do·. Tho witness hca.rcl cbout five 61.m shots. Sho:i:'tly tho:;.. onftor ho sen tho two 1 persons coni11c towr..1.. ds tho ple,co ho wcs hiclinc. 1 L.ccordinc; to P~J1, ho clicl not idontif;y- tb.o two persons. They sic;htod P1-!1 c.nc. Ol do:::,_~oc1 hin to follow 1 then to tho shop to c;ivo tl:on nonoy. IIo (PW1) tolcl then thc,t .tho o,mors of tho si;.op ho..d tc:.kon o;rrc,y nll tho oonoy. Tb.oso ·two rio:;:-sons, c,cc0l clinc to 1 P'iT1, wore not c.rnocl, tho nrnocl one :i:'om-:.inocl outside. Thero wc.s litt~e nonoy 10 loft nt tho •counter which tho bc,nc:.i ts took. It lms clu:dnc tho cross-czi:,ci- rotion by Miss 1TI1ie:.ulc.., whether :P,r1 iclontifiod nny of the two 11orson who entered tho st.op, when F:-71 sto,tccl. thc.t he identified tho 1st nccusod c..s tho one 1rho 1rr-s wonrinc c. coc,t on tl:c,t c"lJ:,y c.nc"'.. tl~.t ho wc,s tho one 1·11:o colloctod t:to noncy nt tho c01.mto:;.. r.-.nc'.. put it in his l)Ockct of his coa,t. 1 Tb.nt ho did net know tho fi·. st c.ccusoc1. bofol C tho inciont. 1 1 Ho ft1.rthor snicl that ho c'..oos not know tho 2ncl cccusoc'l nOJ: did 1:o identify hin on tbnt mtoric.1 cbtoo On ro....c:::nrli.rot"ion PU1 oto..tocl tlmt thO:i.'O ln7..S oncuch ·sunlicht o.t tl:ct tine enc. tLct · is why tl1.o lic;ht b.r-,d. not boon lit. m1cn tho cotu•t put sorJO questions on P1'T1, ho tolcl tl:o court thc:.t l:.o id.ontifiocl tho 1st 20 o..ccusccl 'boce,1.,1.so ho 1rc,s to.11, olc..ck _.:mcl wore c, ?;lo,ck coc.t • 'I'J.1c.,t b.o wc.,s tl:o very :pc:::son who colloctocl tho b2.lc.nco of tho nonoy a.t tho shol) c..ncl put it in pocket of l:.is coat. , l1.notho~ ir1p6rto.nt piece of ov-j.donco for :prosecution is tLc..t of detective stc,tion SGt., Groco:.. y (P'iJ4) o B:.sicc.lly tho ovic1.onco of PW4 is 1 mtorinlly tho s:~no ns thc,t of ru3 except only on sono .fo1-r n.spocts uhich in o;y· viou cloos not chm1[~C tho stor;:7 e,i:gon by PU3. IIowover, PW4 told tho court, into::.:- nlin, thc,t tl:o tyge of c.,i..m they fotmcl c.,t the honostc2.d of 0110 of tho susl)Ccts wr-,s c, subnc,cLino e,un (soc). Ro nontionec'!. tho :person fount!. in :possession of tho cun c..s ~e,ne,cJ:.2.ni Nboc.,uo :;:t::-I.12.c"'.1'.c,nj_f s house. wns soc.rchod 30 end 13 live ( unused) bullots 1roro 1..moc.rthoclo Those hnvo boon tonc'acrocl ns oxhibi t P .6, However, I would. like to or.kc it clec..r hero thc,t o.xhibit P .6 consists of 10 unused bullets r:-,ncl 3 cc.rtridcos" Tho throe cortridc.,'Os m·o tho roonnnts of tho throe bullets of tl'.o 13 'bullets which wore testocl by the br-,llistic OXJ.)Ort (PU2) by firinc tho□ froo tho c':.isputod cun ( exhibit P5.") for tlio ].Jl'!l':9oso of conpr.rinc; then with cxhibi t 4 which wore pickoc. o.. t the scone o Accorc.inc to ?U4, tho p:rosont ncm1Socl Hcnisi :lo..n..."..c1b,.ni wns c..rrostocl. nt UlUC;,7.U."l.1-'l'li villr,cc ~on tho wr.y to Norocoro Roe.cl o..ftc1· he.vine boon identified to ·PW4 a.nd other police □on by tho 1st e,ccusccl •. Du:dnc intcr:::,_ oco.tion o..t the 1 police stc.tion, it is tho cvic.enco of :P~f4 thc.t tl:o 1st c.ccuscd o..c1nittcc1. 40 lmving coor.li. ttoc'c tho offence l.:;1.~t II2,nisi Re1·.12-ci'.:C'.ni e,nc"'.. 'tho otho:c suspects G.Cniod any pi:'.Z'ticipu,tion. Tl:e 1st o..ccv.socl wo..s tc,kcn before c Justice of tho. poc,co to r1r.ko n sto..tor.1ont. TLo cvidonco of tho justice of tho poe,co faros tho crust· of tho oc.,so c'.S I will t::'..ttor-1,t to sLcw le.to:., in tl:o course of this jncl[;nont. 102 Ilof'oxe tho justice of tl:o poc,co (§).VO ovi(1cncc the prooocution fa.cod c.n uphii,l tc..sk to prove, in tllo c..bocnce of tho coc'-tlcnon nsscssoro, tha.t the confession o.llcccdly nc.c!.o by tho 1st r.ccusod Illies Sotinbc wc.s voluntci~ily r.nclo o This follonoc1 nn objection by tho clofonco ln:wyors enc'.. espocic.lly the Counsel for the 1st n.ccusod 1 J\ib.-o Felix ?,Timyo, 1 who clo.inocl to the cotu-t .thr,t ho Wc1s undo1• tho instructions of his client thc.t ho should object to tho c.dnission of tho cccusoc'.' s oxtrc. jumoic.1 stc.to □ont · on tho (;i:'ov.ncl tl:ct tho statonont 1w, involuntcrily nc.do o This necossi tc.tocl a. tri2.l uitl:.in trinl, hence tho roti:i:'enont of tho c.ssessorso In tho trir,l within tric.1, two witnesses GO,vo cvidonco, PW1 o..nd P1-T2. 10 Stco Grocery (PW1) sin:ply told tho court on oc..th ho,r ho cmd o.. 0-•oup of' other police non surrounc.od tho l::ouso in which cccusoc1 Elie.a Sotinbn wo.s boliovccl to 'be present. Tl.mt they c.rrestod. hin when l:.e o.c1nittccl thnt ho wcs cc.llccl r1Gc,nc:c" set· o Groco1·~- fu..t'tho:r st2.toc"'.. thr,t c.cCUEo(1 lookect frichtcncd w1:on he saw c. bic [p.•oup of police non ul:o were a:rnod ui th GW1S (subna.chino e,ui1S) end :pistolso Tl.10-t he (cccusod) c.&.1ittod to the policcncn thc..t h.c wc.s F-Csont o.t the scone whc:i-o tho ro1)bo:-cy o..ncl killing of the c"l.occa.sccl took plc,coo It wc.s GlJ_-~•inc this prlinin.."-I'y intcrroGr,tion that tho 1st r..cct10ocl :rovor,locl to t~10 police l!lis collr-,bo:re,torG, in pm•ticulo..r he . ncntioncc1 ilc.mt'J.:nni Mbccu uhon he· Lc-,ic!. wc,s :pooso::isinc:; tho wcc,2on tl:v..t kill eel 20 the dococscd. Grcc;c:1.·7 (P~T1) refutes tho c..lloc_,"C.tions that tl:oy ever · css.:::.ultccl o:i..• to:1."turod the fi.l'st c.ccuooc.. Tl:cy dicl not cs ucll o,ss2.ultc. · tho late Rcnc,c,_h0,ni rfoooi when tl1o;r c7.ennncloci_ the uoo.pon fro□ l:.ino A1t the police stc.tion, tho wi tnoss snic.., all tho sv.spocts wo:co trcc.tJcl fe,irly woll throti.chout tl:.o pcrioc"'.. they ste,;700. in .tho police lock up, that they were rcgulc.rly p?mtided with food., Tho ccurt wc,s nlso told 1Jy Sgt'° Grc13ory hn.vo cor.lj_)lc..inocl about ... thnt if it we:-.:-o. true tlf"t_t police subjoctoc1 the c.ccusod to toTturc he would. • f:-nd tho oon:plcin:::.nt woulc'" hrwo boon cntoi•ocl in the witness's invosticntion c'.ia.ryo PW1 very .olec-,rly tolcl tho cou:ct thc:.t ovo:-..·y thine thc.t took plC'..cc in tho course of imrosticc.tion uc.s rccorC:.ocl in p;n' s 30 dio.ry.. The wi tnoss produce cl his clic.ry in which ho :;:,oco1•d.cd c,11 tl:.o events which took place between 19/12/80 end 17/10/81, thio uc:,s a.dnittc(l c.ncl n."".rkod o:x:hibi t P .1. no con:plc.int of tortm·o,, nccora.nc to ?~f 1 wcs cvo:-c· · r2.iscd by the c.ccusod c.nc. tl:.d this ox~9J..~ins the roe.son for tho c.bsoncc of ontry of o such conplc.int in oxl:.ihit J oI' o 1 o Set• G:rocory c.1so sto,tcc'!. tlmt J:-:c rocoivoe. the 1st n.ccv.soc.1 s c:i..-trc, juc1.ici2,l stc.toncnt, f:ron tLc justice of tho pcc..co which ucs rocor(locl on 23/1.2/80 c.ncl to tencle:;.•oc. 1;cforo tho court 2,£, exhibit ID.I. . Ho (PW1) W'C.,G v~.:-v.c,d----0.iW..!:.lincc. "by Niso m:ir;t.1lc. ul:.othor the 1st o..cousec: w,s boa.ten in tho nouth nncl tho cns1to:r W<'-S th2.t c,ccusocl never conpl,t.incc:., t 103 ~ wcs thoi~c soncone uho told :PW1 thr.t c.ccusod wc.s bo2.ton in tho nouth and checks. Tl:o J?Olic0 witness vchorn:mtly doniocl tbnt a.ccuscd wns over boo.ton uhon mTostecl., a.nd c.lso olcinod tho.t if ho wc.s boo.ton up when be inc eecortoc1 to the police he woulct hc:wo knoun. Seto ~ogory put it very oloc..rly the;!; if tho :first C,CCt'!.SCd wns injuriou.sly W:!Snuliicd definct,oly a. PF.. 3 wov.ld J.::.o..vc boon writiicn c.nd cccusoc1 sent. to hospi tn.l 'tor t:i:-co,tnont. ']ho justice of tho poo..co c.lso co..vc ov:icl0ncc in the nini .,t;rW. 'llhis we.a }•• A. Mohm:iod (P1-l2) end his bcsic ovic.o:noc in this c.,spoct of tho tricl is thc.t wl:on the first o..ceti..sod W['J:l broucht to hin there wns only one police escort. Tho letter we,s told to leave the plo.co encl tho justice of tho pon,oo roncinod in his office only with tho c.ccusec.'.. cmd a, court 1O nessmic:;or. It is PW2 1 s· oviclonce in tl:c tric,l within t:ric,l tbc,t accusoc. inf'ornod ·1uo tlmt he l:n.d coI.10 to nci.rn his st1:'-tencnt on his oim. fr.co will and. thnt nol)ody l,.c,,d sent hin, either by force or for induconcnt or proniso, to nnko such a.. sta..tcrJcnt, i.e. tho 0,llo,3ed confession l)y tho accused. ~uso thc.t o.ccus~d he.cl no a,ny n..".-rk of injury when PW1 cx,......,ninod the cocusoc1.1 -s body• After accusoc.' s stc.tcnorrt ~ms rocorc,.oc.. PW1 :i:'Ocdovor tho stctonont which o.ccusccl onclorsed it cs boinc corrccto PH2 further stc.tccl ·thn.t he too, siGl'l,Od ttc stctoocn# which tote,lly ooountod to tl:..o r..dnission of tho offence by the 1st cccusod on ono hnhcl, end on tho othoz- incrinin..1.tion of tho other a,ccusod persons. T110 1st cccusod' s stc.tcnont wns rooo out to court 20 since no objection was rciSod f'ron tho defence counsel. Thorocftcr _the stn.tcuont wM tcndcrec'.. ns exb.ibit P2. On cross-cxnninntion by Mr·. Mbuyr., for the 1st oocuscd, PW2 n.ci.nittocl thr..t tho 1st a,ccusocl. infornocl hin thct, the police slichtly injure cl hir.1 in his nouth. T'.1.10 wi tnoss contiru.cc. · to testify end I quotes- \ 11 I c.skod tho 1st nccusocl wllr,,t he dicl when tho police m-l~cstod hin. ll? sc.,id t1,lr,t he led tho police to one Ro.r.ncU1nni Mbec,u ·who wc..s in :possession of tho om thnt wr•,s used in the r:rurde:..- of the do ce~ea. o o o o .. o o., o • 11 · Mo1'..nood cloniocl over seen f'resh wmmcls on tho a.ocuscc.1 1 s knees a,lthouGh, ho 30 sa.ic., ho sr,w old sec.rs encl not recent or frosh ones. Tho wi tncss sc.id thc..t ho <lid not o..sk tho witness when ho lms r.,ss:-:ultocl in tho nouth o.nc. chock. Finc,lly, PW2 stntcd thc,t o..ccusod 0,ppocrccl quite nornD..l r.s opposcc. to .sonoono rocontl~l bee.ton up •. In defence tho c.,ccusod Elin.s Sotiobn .sta.tocl, intor0lic., tl10.t on 20/ 12/~o wo..s o..rrcsted a.t Kwcribo villce,-o by e, Q:'Olll) of -nor9 then 25 police · non hoe-c1.cd 1Jy 0110 Rwccnshirn. _Thc.t they wore nll qnacl with ~cuns, ancl wore r-..lso c..cconpc.nicd by sone villcccrso That ~lkn~..;L,~:.f. ____ . .:, bcfor.o c..s tho lc.,tto:r usocl to vir·it Kibc,obc,. Also thc,t police crrcstod hi□ • 104 ,J I witl:aut tho presence of l:is ton coil loader. Lt Kuonbo villnco noC1..1SCd olc,ins t1:1.~t police never o..skocl hir.i o.n:y questions uhcn he wo.s o.rrostcd ct I tho h_ooco:toc.c. of his f0,thor inlc,1r; nor wc..s ho cskoc1 to offor c.ny st0-tor:iont. li.ocusocl Sotinbc continuocl to clony strorJGlY thct ho cve:r directed tho police to tho hor.1cstcc.d of RCLk."-Cll"'"'.....,ni Mbc0,1. It. is tho 0,cousoc11 s c1cfoi1co thct tho in- ch:.."..rGO of tl:o police toe'.□ prqcluccc1 I o.. piece of pcpor on which sonc nanos, inoluclinc those of Dlic.s Sotinbc 1 Rc.-.:ic.dhc..ni r,T0ccu C'.nd John Ye,unu hcd boon wri ttcn. Tl1C,t tl:.o c-tnospb.o:;:-o c;,::ou c_ru.:tto tense lJocc.us,o the r-,n"ost wcs ncdo in the );lI'CSonco of the e,cc,,.i.scc1t s wife, his 1c,tl:. e:..· in lcw [',ncl Mcusoc.1 s cl:ildren. AcCilSed f'u..i.---thor clc,friecl in his cviclcnco thct every police t1D..n 10 pr.osont wcntccl to c..ssc,1,.ut tho o..ccusoc., thc,t there wore those who kicked :b.in 1 sonc J.)Unchoc!. the n.ccusod encl others hit hin with the b-:.tts o:f tho G,un. Accuscc. clso told. tho court thc,t Lo wi tnosooc. tho police a,sscul tine tho lnto R..'7L1C..ill:...':Jli ilbocu. wb.on they m."'1:ostocl hin o..t l:'.is ho1ostoo..c. c.t Kibcnbc c.roa. a.ncl tb.ct they weJ:-e stoj_)ped 1);f tho ir :inclc.c.".:!.'[;;"C,. Elics ~ctir:ib2. cm1tirr.1cc. to toll tho com--t thc,t -o;rl':.on they roached Mncoconi police sto.tim:i. the rce-1 :l;o:r-turc sto.rtod on his· _bodyo Acco~clinc to hin, Thme,'C,Si:i."c ( polj no) took o.ecusoc1 to e, privnto :t'oono fume;usixa, a.ncl other polico11on ,rc,ntccl Blics confoosocl tl'll',t he connittocl tho offence but he rofusocl encl 1.,u- 0 od tl1c'.t he wo,s not e, pc:dy to tho of'fcncol> The police 20 cssc.ul tod 1:in twice every c1n.y, the first J.... ouncl lTc'.S clone in t'..:e oorning encl the seconc1. one in tho cvoniric. TI:o o.,ccusocl ftw.•thcr clo,inocl ~:hct he never snn Set• Grcco:ry (Pll4) nm.' 1rr-,s sue·~ rr~oo idcntificcl to hio ( 2cc1.,1Scd.). Tlmt tl:..c police buttons wcro uoccl i:1 csso.ulti11C ,the o.ccusocl. ·.:ncl tho tortt.u-cs continued for fom.. CT,;y-s ( contirn.1mml;y-) o Tl:..erc is r..lso cvic1.oncc on record tho,t o.ccusocl wc,s forcoc:. t"J sit on tho nouth of mi <•□pty bottle o..ncl tho result un.s tlmt -tho 1~0tt 1 ~ ,,.,,..,_ -:-"'·~-::-i;:i:'c.tcc1 tbrouch ,-110 o.ccusocl.1 s cmis thereby rc'-pti..i.rinc tl:-.o uc,11 nonhi·.•c..nos of the o,m.UJ o.nc"'.. c·. nsoq_ucntly nocusocl blocl l:co.vilyo Thi::; stctcl:1Cnt is founcl on the cross, .J:X:..':J'Jiri..."1.tion of the a.cc,,.i.socl. by Miao }1hic.,ulc.., lco.1..rcoc:. counsel fo1.. tho sc~c ll o,ccusec1o 30 About six inches lcncth of the bottle.. wont tlu•01..1ch .the c,m.i.s., . ,ccusccl clso 0J:1swe1..cc1. ·russ lU1ic,ulc, tllc,t tho tL-:-co police non o..::;,pc.rontl;y hoo..clod by flwcc.,'C,Sll'c, c,lso nssc,ul tee. hi□ in tl:o n01..1th with c, pistol-h........,nl, Thc,t hJ:,.; ho uo.s clso struck on tho joint::: 0f/lir1J}::: · -~ 10100s 2-nc1_ elbows. The court cl.so tccxcl □ore evicloncc :f:r>on tl::.o c,ccuooc:. to tLo effect tl:e,t nfto:-c pol~cc stoP11ccl c.ssc.ultinc l:..in he wc,s to.ken to c justice of tho 11lmco, o..lthouch ho 1rc,s not tole;. thc,t tl.:c pe:rson to nl:on l:c wc,s sent to r:.c,kc 2, sto..toncnt wr,s o.. justice of the pce,oo_. ""JofoJ:>o 1:.c wc,s to.ken to t;10. justice of tho pcD-co (PW5) it is tl:c .-.cm.uJocl otm~-;y th,,t 111:len they rco..ohccL sonowhorc on tho wo,y tho police escort returnee:. l~in to tho police counter 0,i; itcononi 0 40 ~ 105 - 'lJhcro···hc wc,s in:forncc"a. tb.;t the police would continue to tortt1ro hio i.:utloss he decide cl to c,dr..1i t tho offence to tho person 119__ wcs soon coinc to be· 11clron. Aocusod use.cl tho.so _words: vro o.ro tqkinG you to c plncc o..nc1- yoti should stcto 11 c.xo.ovly whc.t you hnvo o..c1nittcc: to us, If you ·will stc,to sonethinc c:l.iffoz-ont, on your rct\:u>n to our office we shell S1.tbjoct you to r.16.l'c torture.II Bcforo .-the justice of tho pocco (PW5) ~cusccl olcinocl thc,t l!Lc 'I-ms never told. who was trot person, or ucs c.ctinc; unc..cr wl:.ri,t cc,ix:-.city. It is tho c.ccusocl1 s cvic'Lonco in tho tric.l within tri2-l thct there wore throo persons in PW5' s rooD, ho nontionod then ns PW5, c,ccusocl hinsolf end tho police escort. Tho..t tho lr.ttc::i.~ ( tho police r.i...,-,,n) stoocl. ct tho cloor ontrc,ncc 10 to tho roon to hoo.r ,;,rh,,.--,t ccCUGocl wc..s tollinc thc,t po:rson (PU5) o Tho first o.ocusod contirn.tocl to toll tl:..o cm.U't thct one of tho persons in thct :roon, t.o. PW5, nskod hir.1 tho followiri.{; quootionst- "Wore you bori,ton? 11 I cnswerocl, 1 I 1rr-,s not -;)oc..ten' • "Whore c1.o you live?" I tole_ hi1:1 'ct Kibc.nl)c 1 "Whether you know c,bout t~-::.o ldllil1c of tl::.e docec.sed?" I told hin t I t1.o not know 1· • f .i\ccordinc to c.ccuscc., nore questions wore put to l:in but he could not now rcboobor ell 'of then. Accused clso tole:. tho court that ho told tlmt J.X)l"aon (:PW'5) t~1r-,t ho wns not bee.ton up sioply bocc-Jiso of tl-;.e presence of tho whom police osco:-i.--t -£. , c.ccusecl foo.:rocl tll.....,_t ho ( the ;policencm) woulcl report 20 ·beck to tp.o police tho pcrtioulcz stdenont ri......,,do to PU5. m.1.on nceusec1. wc.s c:ross-o:x:c..ninod by Mro Kyuki 1 loc,::i.~ec:. Stc,to LttOJ.'non whether l:>..o w~ injured ct n,11, ho CllSum.•ocl to tho effect th--,t . l:o sustrJ.J1oc1. i11jU2ios whicb. 01.i.cJ,1t to to cttcndod to neclicc.lly, nnc1.. t;.1.....,_t polipo rofusecl to tclro hin to hospitc.l • .fill to his po;rforcted n.nus, r,ccusocl clninocl th.c,t 1~0 r.i...:.nncccl. to st_op tho blooclinc fron boinc noticocl by plncinc; his :rolled □ Li.rt on Lis buttocks to sock the oozine blood. Why ho ( o..ycused) clicl not revocl such incic1ont I'! to PW5, ncet1,<Jcd clniaed thnt ho covJ.d not report tho inciclont ·boccuso of the police ncm uncler uhoso custody nccusocl 1-rc.s. 1:..lso tlmt PU5 could . ~o not notice tho wou.nc'L or inj,.,u"y bocc..uso 1:e did not bother to check the a,ccusodt s p.t'ivnto :pe'.'.i."'ts. Howovo:r, he srdcl, PlT5 saw nccusocl hc.vi11G o, m·roll on his oou.th.,mi.y c..ccusocl c;icl not conpk,in a,1)out tho °'~c..vo cssnul ts oithor- to the o.c.D. or o.c.s. Mnconeni, c..cetlSod clci.nocl tli--'.:.',t tho tuo persons lmcl comon into:;_,•eot encl tl:orofore Lo coulc1.. not just seo !:.ow c.riy one of then could help tl:e o.cousocl. In po..rticulo.:r, ho snicl, nwoccsi.rc; wc..s tho one who clic'. r..ot only c..r:rost· e,ccusocl but c.lso uc.s tl:.o one i-rho a.r1bu.shecl tho ncm.isoc'. with pist.ol in hie bocl:roon in tl:o honosteccl of tho. a.ccu.sod.t a -... fct~~e5ti\~Jt-.,_u in consequence of which tho tuo porso:ri..s Imel to tussol c.cmnst oo.cbt',u.ntil in tho encl 0-ccusocl n...:.n..:.eed to tl:i.rou ov.t Th-rce,'Mi!'c fron tb,o houze. cmcl thoroby omblinc c..ccu.socl to lock tho c1oor of tl:.o 1'..ousc :t':cor.1 _ insido. 40 - 106 It. is clso tho stc..tor10nt of tho a.ccusoc.. the,t in tho cotu:-sc of tho struc;clo a. bullet 11c:S fi.i.~oa. frou Rwocnsirc' s pistol encl it hit tho wc.11 of thnt house. l-1.t tl:e close of the proceoc1incs in tl:e trio..l ui thin t1"icl subnissions wore nc..do by the loci~nocl 001.uwols o Miss Kiwc.nc,n, loc:t"ncd Ste.to Attorney for the Roj_JUblic, subnittec1 tr..c,t tho:ro is no ovic.onco 2-t ell ti,ict sho1ro, o:i:' even tcnc1 to show tho.t the 1st o.ocusccl wv.s to.i.---tu:red. She refez-:rcc7.' to tho imrcstisBtion ci.icry tonc1orod by P1'T4 which hM a.11 t!10 entries conccrninc ell tl:o ·inpoi~tc.nt events rclr:.tinc to PW4' s invcoticr,,tion in respect of this cc.so o Thc:t if a.ccusod. ha.~l incurred e, serious uounc1. ol~ injury such .:!-S tho one boine olninocl, i.e. 10 tho rose bottle, tho invostic,"C,tion (~cry ( oxhibit J .P .1 ) woulci. hc.vc shmm. Tho lec,rnec1 stcto o..ttornoy clso wonc..orcd why oocusoc1. (l.ic1- not c.isclosc to · tho justice of the pence o..bout tho c..llc[;-ccl poz-f01"c.t ion of tho ccet.i.sec.1 s atru.S,- c VC"l"Y- inportcnt m1c.. sensitive elonontc.:ry cc.1ml, so that PW5 coulcl 1 h.lvo :L'CCO:L'clecl? It is also he!' subnission tllC'..t there were no three.ts, induconol'Its or ];(i:'onises of nny kincl uhich would. n.:.k:o cccusec'- to C:,"ivo the stctcL1011t l:.c c.Jwc • Miss Clliwo.!l(;n fu.rthor sc.icl th.:,t Hob.r,nod r,PW2 in the tric.l within trfo.1) sctisfiec':. tho court on the steps he took to conply with the Jud6us' rule rok,tinc to rccorclinc o:rlrcJuclicfa.l statononts. Tlmt l.)11ysicr,l exr,nin."..tion w2.s no..cl.o on the cccusoc\t s boc.:y by P1i2 l,·-,;rt no wound 20 or injut7 of m,y kind w.:::.s notec1 or soon except far ninor bruises PU2 ( or PUS) on tho c.ccusoc1-1 s lips., Also thct if n.ccused hc..c1 surtc.ined such o.n nlloc,ud. rc.ptu:ro or pcrfordion in his ruru.s o.nc.1. thc..t he wc,t~ blooc1inc, dofimtoly PU2 §D-d. PW5 uould. lmvo noticcc1 blooc.1.. btc.ins a.rou.:,}.:'.. n.001.1.Sec.' s buttocks uhen he 11c.s ph;y-sicc,ll~r chockinc tho o,ccused' s body; : nor were thoi~e c.ny inju:dos sust;i,inecl on tl:e n.ccusecl's elb01n, knees, c.tco Finc..lly she· stc.tocl thr.t c,11 uh.."'.t cccusec_ stc..tocl concernil'lG' t0:rtui:'os c.:ro rmrcly cftor-thoucl:tn c.ncl for tbc..t ronson the 2.ccuscc_f s confc)Osion wc.s vol1.mto.rily Dc."..clc. Sho a.ccarc.'-incly prc.yoc1 th2.t tho c.ccu.soci_t s J.rlrc.- juc1icic.l stc,tonont bo o.dnittoc. c.s. ].X1rt of evic.:.cnco fo1• tho 1)1.'orncution. _30 Mr. Mbu.yo., the Lo---.rned Counsel for tl:.o 1st c..ccuscd vico::-ously, i as UStt.::.'-1, c1:..illon[;'OC. the ]_l1.--osecution1 s ctteL1]?t to temlor in ov:.C..ence the _o..c~od' s e.:rlrc. juc.icic.l .stc..te □ent na.c'_c before tl:..e ju..sticc of t.'.1e pov..co on 23/12/1980e l:T:re Mbu;yn su1mittod tha.t it is trite· la.w thc.t t~~o onus is upon tl10 :prosecution to prove o..ffirnc.tivoly tl10,t r, confessior. h..."'..S boon nc.ci.o voluntc.:rily .:me. l:r,s not boon obtcinec:. 1)y ir.1:,1•opcr or u 11.c.wful quostioninc.;, or other inJ.ll.~opo:r wc.;y-s such c..s boo.tines, to:rture, o:r· any other .incli,ccnent to opei..do in tho ninc1.. of tho uccusocl o..t the tin,1 the sto..tenont is boinc nc.do., I he,vc no ci_oubt on the c..utho1•ities cit.cc 1.,y Mr. Mbuyc, on this point, 112,ncly, ( 1) NGUNI~ s/o KII.'fill:i & 3 0THR.lS 40 vs. n.mnr:~ (1954) p.A.c.ti.., 360; (2) EZIEKIJ~ s/o snm.:JGU,IA & J:J.ITOTr.Im vs. RJJ:P. (1972) n.c.n. 192J 107 Mr• }r0u:,t:. :-..•ofo::..Toc1 no to tho oviclonco of PW2 (Set• G:rocory) l-rl:o told tho court tl1.:.t o,~;out 20 police non uoro involved in the m-rost of tho 1st n.ocusec.o Tho.t thoI'e wa.s no ten cell lecc101· wlJ.on tl.::.oso police non su:rrOU11c.ocl. the house in whicl:. nccusod wns sc.icl to be in. .Accorc:.i1-ic; to Mr. Mbuyc,, tho o.ccusod wo..s fror.1 tho outset under a. c;roo.t stcto of worry o..ncl o..pproho- nsion0 Unc1.or such circu...-isto.ncos, Mro ii.If.bu.yr, sr:ic:., o.,ccusoct coulcl he:.rclly nclro e, sta.touont ·which could be t.c:-..•nocl "volu11to..rily Lcclo 11 o I wa.s c.slrnd to consiclor tho ia,ccUJ3oc11 s ovidonco stc..tinc how c,ecusod wns m.'Tostecl1 beaten up, ronrmclecl o.t Ibcononi ·police stc,tion o..nc:. wc,s subjoctecl to cron.t or severe tortures.. As to the invostic-;o..tincs clinry, o:zhibit P .1, ho sc.icl that there 10 o.re c.. l1Ul:1bor of onissions inclucinc tho feet tl:c.t there is no rocorc'.. to show tl:nt c.ccusoc1. 1-rcJ3 over tr.ken to c, justico of tLo pee.co on ~12/1980. r<>op:rc.8(.l Also th.c-.:t P~-T1 tolcl tho ocu:d tl:.o.t 1:.o c.li.c1 not know '.i'Tl:.o · · tho stc.tononts of tb.o nccusocl parsons" That if there we,s such en 01:tlssion in exhibit Po 1 1 it wns not sti•e,~-.,:-. ::___,_;~::i-fo-:;:, to :::!iso the xoco:-:-c,_ conoo:rninc; the c.ccu::iec:.• s prcyor to tl:c police tlk7-t he uishcc:. to be to.ken to hoopitc.l. For this rec.son, lb.•. mJuyc subni ttoc. 1 nuch :;:'olia,ncc shoulcl not 1.Jo h..:.d on tho ovic:.encc of Pll1, so is t!10 exhibit P1 ( tho i,.cvostic~ntion c'.im•y). Coni:x; to tho ovic:.01100 of L.., ;_o Mobnnocl PW1, Mr• Ml::uyn stc.tod tlmt · this wi tnosE: c'lic'.. a.cli-::ii t thct c.cCL1.Soc. tolcl hii..1 th,..-,,t ho 1ms c..sse,u.l tccl by ono 20 police youtho This tho1>ofo:"o provo . . th<'-t there woro souo tortures on tho a.ccusoc:._, M:r o I-%uyr, sc..ido Th0 locrno ~ clofcnco Counsol f\,1.rtho·1 nubni ttocl thc..t 1 tho:ro is o, specific quostioncc::;.• uh:Lo> is norn[:lly follouod or ucoc1. by Moeistrc..tcc uhon putt inc questions tc sun poets o 1-'I:i:'., lfuv.yc, refo:;.•rcc. no to tl10 co.so. (1xm.•cpo:i:ted) of CR., ilPP·o NOo 23 OF 1988, Ll,i:'01TC2: llJK.ll2IMGl1 s/o Kli.S0K0LA VS.; Ilo in which tho Cou:rt of .,\ppo.:-,1 ntrossocl tho inpo-:ctonco of usinc tho opocific quoGtto:ncJC:i.' 12- tho 'justices of tho poe,cc wh,:in rofo:r-clinc c:x:t:rc. juclicic.l stc..tenont • !Ylro l~u;y-c, contin,,n,.:'_ ·~,-. ,.,,,,,,.,.:-1- "- 1-~~- -:ho '.:'..ccusocl' G clcfonoo Li thnt fron tho tioo of r,rrost r,cO'l)_soc1 sto. rtec'!. to opc:cc..tc unclor fco..r, :to1· 30 ox..-~nple ho tole. tho police why ho refusoc. to boci c'.. the lorry but c1.cciclocl 1 to 'be driven in the s1J2.ll police vch:~clc ::n which I:o boliovoc1 his ;-,ccurity woulcl be no:;:oo secure do Tlmt l:o nlso :fom·oc1. to :rovo2.l tho tortu:ro:c: sub jecto('.. to !1in by tho polico on tho c;counc. thr,t L0 um.1ld siufo::.~ noro tortu: os 1 a,s wc.rnocl by tho poli~0: ...:~.ic':., uc-,s tho o..ccusccl' o request to 1)0 tciron to hospi tel which wc..s 1~0:fusocl ty tho police• Mr• 1.TI)uyc wr.s= of tho view tl:ct cow:iit.erinc; tho Cli'Ci.,IDStc,1100s :fron tl:o tine of m'Tost up -fr~ the tine ccGL'..O.cc. nc.clo cxt:rc, juc'...icie,J. sto.:te::1ont to tI-..o justico of tho :poc..co . __ thore wns c, 0:-02-tcr likolthoo(l o:f tho o.cousoc:. r.1..'',kinc o. stc.tonont wLich woulc:. be cm Wl~'1 c,c1r.1issicn of e,1.dl t" ITo thc:.~ef oro sub Di ttod. tL0,t tho extra 40 juclicic.l sto.,tonont lms involw1tc:.:::.J.y JJCc'..c c..nd ho t1,cco:rclincly roqucstocl ~1::.c :_ court to connic":.02 tl:.o cccusocll o confession :t: :1.::.:::J.r.:d;::::o,1)1-c in ov.ic!.cnoo. • - 100 In rcJ.'.)ly 1 Miss Kiwcnc,n ru:'(;i..lecl thc..t the incident involved a. rJttrc1er c[',se, n. very • serious offence inclecd. Tl.mt the1,o ucs therefore justi- fion.tion on the po.rt of the police to co to the scone in c. lnrec nun1Jer- a.nd pa.rticulm,ly so becd.use the ldllinc wns nn.D.e by c. r:,un shot. Also there uc,s justifirotion, ~he Emic11 on t!10 po.rt of the police to be in o, lo.rc,'C croup . c..s the c.ccv.sod Imel I testified in his own cvic1.onco thnt ho hr~c. strucclocl with one of tho police non cc..llcc. nwcc,'[',siJ:'c.. uhcn tho lcttoI' pointed. to tl:c c.cc1.,1.socl c pistol in 1::.is cndocvour to o..rrost tho c.ccusodo · Tho lon.rnec'.. Ste.to .Attorney further SD.ic1. tb.c.t if tho1,o wcs cny cor.1r:1otion n.t a.11 ct tho scone it wr-.s tho c..ocusoc:t who oicht hc.vo c1"0c..tqd it c.s 10 ric.;htly suppoJ:>tcc1 in his mm tostinony. She blo..stoc. I.:tr. Mbuyn1 s oontontion concci~ninc his propositio_n tl:c.t PU5 c.id not :follow the j_')j'.'inciplo la.id cl.mm in· one OD.SO 1,ecentl;y- c".ooic1oc1.. by tho CoUJ.,t of f ..ppon.l of' Tc.rtzc,nic.. 1 why?, he sc.icl, thct tl::.o noclo of rooorclin.:; cxtJ:'r-., juclicic.l stctononts is covornccl l)y tho juecos 1 rules a.nc.1. thorcforo uhc.t the justice of the por..cc cid in thio cc.so uc..s nothinc narc tlmn in conplicnco with thc,t prc..ctico. On o;;r l:,.__':J.,t I ruled thct tho c.ccuscc:.t s cxtra..-juc.'icial stc,tcncnt wc.s voluntc.rily r:.1C.c.o e,nd was thorof ore n.dnisscblc in to1·ns of so ct ion 28 of the Evidence :.ct, 1967, £'.nc.1 tho section runs o.s follows:- 28. li. con:fcssion which is freely c..nc.i_ vclunto.rily 1:inclo 20 by n person c.cCW3cd of an o:ffonce in t1:.c im1iclio.tc I . j_')j'.'cscncc of c.. nc.cistr2.to c.s dcfinccl in tho rncistrctos 1 Courts Act, 1963, or n justice of t:.:o pcc..cc under tlmt Act, r.1cy bo iFovcc. cs c.c;c.inst t:i.:-,t po:ruon., In tlmt rt..1.linc I :-reserved oy :,,.,cc.sons thc:roof, which :rcc,soris I will how c;ivo in this jt1c7..cDont • I concoclc to the rc§Sons subnittcc'.. l;y tho Republic which hold the vicu th:,t the o..ccu::3Ccl1 s stc.tonont to PU5 wa.S volunto.ry hence n.di:ri.ssc..blc unclor section 28 of the Dviclonco l~ct.o PW4 o..nc7. other police non· who wont to tho scone c.ftor PW3 o..nc":. e, c;i·oup of villncci-s 11.C:.c'.. roportocl tl:o ldllinc of tho clocoe,scc.1 nt J'/Ic,coneni police stc.tion dicl not 30 know tho 1st MctlSecl Elic.s Sotinbno They cc,no to know his l'JD,IJO c.nd, plc..cc . of n.boe.c fJ:>on the villc.cors -enc".. lJt..".,j_,ticula:rly f:i..•on the ste,tonont of PW .3. ,Pff3 - It wo.s/who know tho 1st nccv.soc1 well before this r.ru.rclo:r took plc.cc on 18/ 12/80, Throuch PW3 1 s in:foroction the police 1ro~i:-c c.blo to trc..co tho · c..ccuscc":. in c. cliffcront vill2r::,-c otho~.:-. tho..n thc,t cf t~:..c o..ccv.scci_ 0 L.ccusec1t s villc.c-c -is Kibr,r:ibn.. Ho wo,s not lJJ.,cscnt when l)Olico went to his plv.co o:f livinc;. p:,r3 nnc."!. other vcillc.ccJ:-s suspected thc.t c.ocusoc.l nicht hc.vo tc..kon 1, xcfusc ct cmothor ville.cc, n..."'JJ.oly, Klronbo, vfl.lo1·0 his fc.thor in lc.,w wc.s livinco No c~ou'bt f:i:-or.i tho cviclcnco nccusccl wc..s founcl in tho howostoc.d of hio f.c:thc1, in lnw. IIo was :faunc'.. in l)0Ssossion of cicc..rottcs which police 40 rca.sombly &'USJ1cctcc:. to l::;o sonc of these stolon fi"'OD tl:o rob'boc:. shop., · ~et 'M1Q ~~iJM~ ~m ev1aehae ~Seiiset\ nsUhtoct ~~!si~· ~~ pol~ wtu1ted. te otteo'fi hio m-wost, Dy 1ee!stint ihs ~~*l ln ti;j ~PifJ ~ thnt ht. .ttc-.iJ cti~ty t'J6niijietis • . Later ofl he de,1tt~Ei t~ fflekde~ M~ &~~ if ;eii ii~ p..,lii.QO i;he tNtb :t ffi sfiiii,sfle.A ;iiat ,tid i.hl~~~tijn ilG p-pvidod to Pit4 ci'id tho ~oUp of police oon ijMbloci ihtio \i t~io th~ t,\ui u,~~\ in ~he ;-ohi:icri end tho V4,ient idiiinc of iho tioc~tilpia · ~ ihe 1at ~6\i.eod iatt iiho peiieo ts iabarJbti. v!iioge ~n 1110 ii~aaston.e, sf ,hi> ~~e R~c!h~ Mbouiii• AiihoU(;h 115.rotii.i..M! !iIDecu c't!ti noi U.ve , -iQ 't~$oilc:Lh~§a~~ rh ·. ~fitnoao :tLo i;.eht': c,f. t:c er.be 1 • ·' ,i ~c · ·· = ,, • i &i hattewr piensoti to scy ihc,i tho e,un o~!bit P~ -~di i\p1 bot')h @i\io<i. ~ iha.• l\ yt.s ~v~ ret;oVOfeoa ~t fl~~~ _♦.J .hW¥>E1t~~~t♦. 1'!ie 13 ~1i~tsJ ~f~d ·,he l~oo of ih~o l~r~ 1_$oii t.<# ~rWfii ·~.p~ifi ~Y ~t~ , ~~ t'u41ibii P,6.oeii9ot1vei1),ffi;ro·~wb.~e~r f~4 ~4i ·ii$ h~~~ tntPf#.~Pff pf n.~~.}.rutl ifi)CG\i• W;,:,.as suoeess • thc.'ii is :fihe t-esweey ~f ihe ~ioo.pc'ln. ~ ~~.e ooi:ll.in!iion ;w,s t-.n t--ttrii:ru!fie or tho 1s1i oooUJ3ec'i wiio i;i~?in'fiod with 'tlho poiico, iiii1.eil?s ia ho eviti.cnec tk.t shmts ihbt poiioo law &mt:'.hW i.iboGU 1 hetere the iooidcil~ • In ~ v5.e1t; !ma tho pol!~e imett iruet;u b~rore iim; t\atc; o.iso . Mti~ct tbt;~ htit'l ii:tltot,u teen suat,-ostoti. b;t Plrj anci tb.e vjj,it;t;ers. as . t-. possibio .or!niii,.;.;,i in the i:iurtioP of &i:iisi Bhiche • tho first visU by the poHco wruici htwe been nt tlb~c..u• s honettenct at i{i'imd1;ii. ~ 'ilho liii'si ttiit-..s~ ~ ihe poH.e~ lteni ta ecm-eh fi>r the ist nbeuse4 in vein, iti ether w~djj p6iioe ~rouic'l not h~ set out tot Klrenbe ~1Tof;e tr.oo Kiboobii 1 ~teett 'ib~t tio\i1ti. bo ih sot.rah of Rb.mtii:fuii truo&\j.; thore c.=ti iU.bnribn, iQi~as &i~ to ie::wn ihr.~ aria et tho oull)i'Hs ;ms ieft nt K~bf..abt\, Tiw~oh ~h¢ ~ ~t aa~ot• fs f'b.ietmrili peiice ilila not f~t to ~es$ ifuet).l ~ e~peeitili;t t}!,tt1w he •i..~& 1i10 -~"~· . , .-PoiicQ . th.a d~ ,w . 1]'ff-!' end ... • l . ~;.,,; ..,~ twlio*a . .,..... -"f.,. •~..-i ·t!Ula~· inatbnee ..~? J:i oi· ...... , . . .. ,. v ihe 1d Ht r~ ....••ef?..I ,.m~H fh.-ii . . ne~-· . . ijil . , t\!1 . . f· FW3 . -. WJfi . . .: ..., ic4t1 .• aldfall?ir- ,, . tJio '. . P.-~ .. . ,. ih~t•. . . hP . ~ ... 1~t. i\iWjc;l . . t. ih6 ,., ,. . bcfer6 18/i~gO; .Aep~t\ihc to rttl, O.OWSCl1 ~ ¥.te Qlh~ i:ie!p \ffini 'tie h.!s h~tocii. Pif3 srnr !li~s ~ict1'b~ ~~ib n nt1on ~;a.g ffiii¢h ~eilt~~tt ~(lr~e abjer,t ih&10ffit t-.nt\ *ha ob,oei ,them v!elWIG tte b¾; e~#',i~y t~ti *ho ·». ~h~pc bf C t,\lii, .Pttl~ M~t1blQ to bis dvie.onoe, tcctirio nor¢ ~wM-.wi, NJ he et&.ted in his er:i.lenoo• becctise he ~ ~pqJrtocl ihe n~p,~ te ~ uuoh en 0~7 1.ieo,:\~u !:e ,ms not e svc~;i; Ml ti,:.'-t ~c~• t~n the ·iwipebia ieft r1t3t e hooostc..~a., PW3 ,ms ~e~1oss• tie ,~nt te ti113 ltbitiib~~ ehei)' wtiici: ncoo:,hti.i'id io #.13,., i~ been ~ 4 ... ~ .. . tto ho:t~o •,..~, ~ · tiaae ~\ .. eGC(i). t;aoc1s l~O stolon !rod tho~~. in ~~ ~ ~~ iii~ fflfflC:f~ 1m iffllild bo imffidod on ilmt ,i"':j' t It ffi'.s ~lit ari h~ dt~ Wi qpi $ho ... i . •~t , ' . i!llipecta ~rhon tile sho~ ,ma invt'Aiet. ~ ~ ~ ~ k ne1~~t ab~+ t ~ fieneetie to u~.'t ir~•s ~6ifieftt en t.ho ~f?!ti~R ~f !~P.~~ th~ 1~ e.c~ca 1jy ~t1 dld Pti3 ffilriiie tho ti.~ ~~ \he t4i~~• I cio p veil ~00 41 with hin -fih'\t t!ic~ 1a Licensirri:c~t 1h t!-? ~,~~ te~n theifo \.it~ •. ,~· tritm•eoii Wt p.c6.in, with tho ~~it~-··~_.·,:~ ~~:~fcheQ 6~c;•·· 110 l!CG[\rd nust be 11['..c. to tho ·fc.ct. trot tho offence -.,ook plooo cbciut 10 ycrxs CGO nhcl I woulcl not be ·surprised if- thc:i;e 1-rc.s contro.c.liction)fc,no notcrio.l :pc.rticulcrs 1Jotwoen or anollG -witnesses wb.o witncssec:. the episode. As fnr o.s I en concornot. I c'..o not rely vo1--y nu.ch on t!:o ovic:.enco rolc..tinc to wlmt rcc.lly OOi)lJCnod 2-t tho shop. This is bcocuse it wo.s o..Jrec..cy 7.00p.6. or ·\ a.ftor 7.00p.n. uhon the sb.ootinc took place a.t the shop. · Tho onvirorJeni;c.l •\. concition cs to.visibility c.t thc.t tine could not be sc.id to be on the fn.vou:ro..blo sic:o, first b9cc.,uso it wo..s in tho villo..c;u micl tlmro is no oviclonco thc.t sc.ys tho.t thc:N wns any olocti·io li[J1t; soconclly whotl:or there wa.s sunli0ht or 1:.1oon licllt, wbntcvor was tho cc.so, tho.,t nic;ht of the uny coulc.'- 10 not hc.vo been so.id to hn.vo sufficient lie:;ht to iclontify co.ch c.ncl ·ovary objoctJ tl-±t-c1.ly even if there -wo.s n.clcquD.,to licht tho cun shots couplocl with tho frn.cns n.t tho scene would not lmvo o.vcilo .. r c.. bettor oppoxtunity on PW1 ~ PW3 to identify tho culllt'i ts end. c,,lso to sec ca.ch. n.nc.:. ovary action to.ld.ne plooo c..t the sccno. Thoxoforc tho ovic1oncc I r.n :r-ol;yi:nc on is thc,t of PlT3. ~,.o 1st nccusod. a.ncl others went to r;-r3 1 s honootoac.1. iulJidintoly cffur 6.oo ~•n• r..nc.".. tl:r,t wns 1Jcforo tho sun sot. There wo.s still enoud-1 lic;ht. PW3 tc.lkccl. to tho c..ccusocl 0,nc. ca.vo hi1:1 sor.10 wo,tcr to crink. They wcr.o vary ciose to co.ch other. I co not oocept tho c,ccusec.1 s ala.in tlmt P1-13 cnvo cviclcnco nu,inst hin on sono r..lloa--,tion by tho c,omwoci_ thc. t they once 20 qucrrcllc("!. c.t c, a-inkinc 1-:ilc..coe This is only c.n c.,ftc1•thourJ1t sort of n stn.tcncnt l,e,Bc.usc o.ccuscd., tJJrouGl.1 his counsel, clic.1.. not want to vorify .<: this fron PW3 wl:on ho e,nvo ovic'..enco, thct is ho '!-ms novor cross-oxc.tlinod on this pointo Also tho ovic:onco of tho 1Jcllistic p::iq_:,ort (Plf2), c.lthouct this typo of ovid.cnco is rc.thor of oponion thnn 1;cinG substm1tivo, is hic'hly J.)Crsua.sivc because it ho.s ronovod. sono cloubts on so□o m torie,1 pc..rticula.rso Tl-10 tosto he cn.rrioc1 , on tho oxh.i1Ji ts P4 end P.6 _in rolc..tion to tho GUn (exhibit P.• 5) veheL1cntly confirnocl tlnt tho bullo-ts uo:fo o..'1c.c of tho. S[',no na.torie,ls ( ohcnicc.ls) e.ncl thc.t exhibit P .,4 wore in no c..oubt firoC.. fron tho e:.un ns it ha.pponoc.1 on c.xhibi t ]? .6· - nhcn 30 o:xa_:ierinontocl. This oponion ovic1.onco toncJ.s to brine closer tho cviclonco of PWe3 who testified to thcoffoct thr.,t he srn·r Hcc,ncb (1st: c..cCW3od) co..rryinc en object in tho shnl)C of c. e;un n, short l)O:rioc'- bofo.:ro tb.o sh.ootinc str.n'liccl. l!.[,-c,in, GOil'l{S by the cvic:.onco of PW3 o.nc1.. tht.,t of PW4 one will not fo..il to soc trot thoro is consistonc;ir in thou- ::ictorio.l j_X',,rt of the oviclcnco c..ncl tl:o nccusocl' s ~te:.tonont to the justice of tho pcooo o I 110,vo no roe.son to c1.ou1Jt P1'i4 1 s ovici_onoo bocc..uso tl:orc is no ovic1..onoo tl:!.e-t shows or tonc1.s to sh01r thc..t PW4. hr.,c r..ny rec.son t0 eivo such stronc 9-,:nc. fatnl cvic.onco ce,ninst tho c.ccusocl. PH4 will 1:nvo nothil'){; to bonofi t fl·o□ tho conviction of tLo o..ccusoc1 ospocir..ll;r bcnrinc in Dine."!. t:'.:n.t tho offence 40 . carries c:oc..th pomlty. I boliovo his cvic:.onoo in it.s totality. ... 111 - Accused uoes not aeny having recorueJ the statement which amounts to the accused I s admission of the offence. His den-ial is thctt the statement was never voluntary, that he was tortured by the police and ~ompelled to make the statement he made. I am mindful of the fact that it is the duty on the part of prosecution to prove dach and every allegation they have ·made c1Gainst the accused person; also that the court shoultl not convict an accused person merely on the weakness of defence case. But as I have said before, the police did not kno~ the 1st accusGtl before. rilSo they would not have known how •he mission_to invade the shop was tbilored by the culprits unless one of them recapitulated the st0ry. Neither PW.3 would have known the plan, who we~e involvtid 1 how_it was exeouted etc., unless narrated to him by any of the •ulprits involved in the scheme or arrangement. There is no eviu~nce that ~W.3 knew the s~ory su•h that on~ would have reasonably believed that the poli8e were given the story by PW.3 before the arrest. of the 1st accused. He was ignorant and that is why his evidence falls short of what in contained in the extr~ judicial statement of the accused. His liW,a) evi<lence only touches the meeting of the accused and PW .3 at the latter's humi.:stead, also about the inn,sion of the shop and the arrest of th~ 1st accused. If there was no cne who knew about the plan how then the police coultl have counselled the ~ccused to make such a story as claimed by the accused? 1~lth0ugh accused has m&de alle- gation of tortures on his bouy by the pulice I Jo not enuo·rse the evic:cnce as being true.· How true is it possible that a neck .pf a bolttle, thick as ·it is, coulu be inserted through the anus. of the accused without grave wcund ur <lamc1.ge to that part of the body which, if happened, woulu have <lefinately rE:qu•ired the attention of a qualified doctor, or even at least a medical expart? Accused claimed that this happened on 22/12/80 a day before he was taken before the justic~ of the peace. How cuuld he have survivt:d wi~hout treatment? When PW.5 asked him whether he had any injury or wound in his private parts the answer was in the negative. Why shculd he hide such a serious assault? There is no better answer than it being a total lie. hssuming that he was gravely assaulted in the anus in the mann~r antl way he explained to this court, why <lid. he not avail evidence at least to show that he was tre.s, ted at Keko remand prisons? So he h&s teEtified to the court that the Kek6 authority treate~ him when a~mitted there. I d0 not accept this propo- sition, the accused's version is nothing but a mere fabrication entleav0u- ring to exculpate himself frcm this bcipit 2 1 offence. For the foregone re~sons 1 am satisfi8d, as I ~i~ satisfy myself in the ruling concerning th0 trial v.ithin trial, that there was no torture at all on the 9;ccuse<.1. I agree with Miss Kiw~nga's propusitioh thit if there was any rnascular abrassion between accused and the police this was uue to the accused a~plying violence to resist arrest. The extra-judicia~ stat0m~nt to PvJ.5 wr:..s invc:.riably therefore mbl.e vulunt,o,rily and as such it was aL1mi- ssable as against accus~d ~li~s ~etimbao 112 Whnt weicb.t 110w cc.n be a.ttc..ched to tho r-etrG.ctoci_ a.na/ or re:pue..ii::.to<l confession rnC::.c 1Jy the accused to J?U5? Mr•, 1:-fl.,'Uyn for the oocuscc"!. sto..tcc.1 that such str-,tcr.1ent by tho a.ccusccl to PW5 ·ac.l not o.nou.nt to confession. It is the Lc.oxnoc1 Counsel's view thnt, only a.n c.c:.r.iission in a.a r:ru.ch as it cont0-inee.. self cx-2lc.n..:.toi-y oottors. which if true would. no~utc tho offence of i:nti.~c"tcr of ·Scloho • Ho roforrod. to o. po..sscge contninocl in S.lutl{lu Olif EVIMTc:m, ELJJVENTII IJDITIOlr° l~T Pl~E 225:- 1To stn.tenont thctcontci,ns self excul1xito::i.~y mitter ron 11 noount to c confession, if tho oxcul).Xl.tory stc.to □cint is of sone foot which if true woulc~ nec;ntivc the offence to be 10 confessoc.o l\ioroovor c confession nust oithor cdnit in terns tho offence or nt any rr-,te substc.nticlly all tho fncts wl~ch constitute tho offence. l'i:n a.tnission of a. c;t'n.voly in~inil12..tinc fo..ct oven n conclusi"voly inc:dnimtinc fn.ct is not itself o, confession c.c. o,n o.c.1nission tbnt tho a.ccusoc is tho owner of or wo.s in recent possoooion of the knife or revolver which cousecl c.. c.enth witb. no otho:-.:- e::r:-2lc.1ntion- of . rmy_ other r..::-.n 1 s ].)ossession. When I sw:mec.:. up to tho nssessors I clic. rcproowe o. po:i'.'tioi1 of the c,ccu.scc'.1 s Gtc,tcncnt which clcc,:i:'l;y- shows trot the stc,toi:1cnt 0011.tc.il.'lS no 20 sclf-cxculpc.tory o,.~tto::i.,. In ny v""iow the stc.tor.1ont [:i'-1-:i.its in terns the off.cnoo, or c,t c.,ny r0-to ·susbstc.:atic.lly a.11_ tho fa.cts uhich constitute the offence• IIa.v:i.11c snic'. lhhis, tl:o onerous tc.sk bostowoc:. on no is to look for ccrroboi,o..tion cs it is cilwr.ys tJ:-.. o case in c., corifossion wLich hc.s boon rotr2.ctecl or :i.'Oj_Jl.1c1j_a,toc.:.. I o.n well vo:;:-sec.:. wi tl: tl:is :;_Jrincii.)lo enc'.. • therefore I l::.c.vo no roo..son to c.ou1.,t tho tuo inpc::L,tc.nt c0,son ci tee. by Mro Mbuyn ....... rcstorctinc this prinoiplo; iece ( 1) 'IU:-Till-10SI v13o UGLND.A ( 1967) DoAo91; ( 2) ~~LI S;.LJ.:,,m r.'JSUTU vso I''1IT.P (Unro:;_,ortot"'.}, TeC~A~ 1 No 0 3 of 19790 It wns J:clc.s "c. re:;?Ut1iatoc1 confeGsion tl·.ot.1.-j.1 cs c. oc,tter of Lew ncy S'l.lJ.)J?OI't o., conviction, concrclly roqu:i.ron cs c. r.ic.ttm• of prec:.onco ,_. 30 co:i:'roborc.ticn .cs is nornclly tl.:o cc.so when tho 6onf'cs~ion io I'Ctrcctccl. 11 In the fostr:.nt co.so tlc.eJ~o is the evic:.enoo of :713, PH4 mid PW5. I l:c.vc tc,1J.,·..ot1.. c.l)out tho:b., evic:).cnco · ct lon{_:,""th o..n<: I woulci.. not tl-..o:r-ofo:;.:-c ncoc.1. to GO fw..·thor on wl:c.t I l::.o.vc c,lrcc.c"!y c1oncoo Tllo::i.·o is therefore corroborc:bion in tl:is 1...oc,~c.1..a The cc.so fol tb.c sooond o.cousc<l Ilc..nisi Il.ci:.c,ill:mtl is l)C{;c,-oc.:. on tLo 1 o~ra..-juc.1icio. .1 stc.tcncnt of tl:c 1st 0,ccusoc1.o ~"...couscc.1-1 s stdouent conto.ins a story irrvolvinc tl:,o a.couscc1. Hc.Lrl.f:3i .R.:i.mc~.a.;.tl in o.n c1loccc. p:rovious robbery imrc.sion o.t tho s2.rJc sl:.op uhoro the clccoc.scc'. Sc,lohe Mconi wo..s Gtmncc1. c1.oi-mo Acoorc'.inc; to tho sta.tornnt 1;y the fust cccusoc.1.., Ikoisi :Ucnc.cJ.J.cni r.1ct4o · the 1st 0ccusct. ct ;:-. ocrtc,in hotel c..t Uluc;,..'!rl)Ju ville.coo Tho folJ.owinc is wl:o.t ir::'..S c.iscusscc:. cm:. o ..x.ooutcd 0,ccorc'.inc to tl:o 1st c,ocu.scc.' s ext::i. a.- 1 jt,1c:.ieic.l st.::.tonont: ... 113 ~- • . i . o" o.o" nikc.k:uto.nn, nc. bw-c.nc. Hc.nisi .., .. ~ o clmniarJbin iko 11,.1,h.1.li e,n..~tcJm t1,onc:.o tuk..':.ibc "nu niSioc;opc yoyo a.nc,eho chun.1. 11 • .1."...limn t['.. ntoto r.mojn rc.fiki ynko tuk.a.wc.. wa.to.tu, c.k:D.,soi:m nuc.n. lm SO...';, oc,~,c.. nob.am tutnond.ok.D... Tulivokutc..nc.. so.n. 7 .oo ncham tuk..".Onc"..n pocyc na.kutcmc, ·yo. bor.ibo.. zc., na.ji, o.lmr.:n·mr.ibic yule otota ok."'..toc chunr. nmni. y-2.. bonbo. wt:linofiohn. Mtoto o.lmincia nc....1.ni ;y-n baoco. clmtao.. bunc..uki nfr...c..ona. lei.nu cl:okc ni :ro.nci 11yckundu ro nwcnyo na,gc.zini olilruwc n..':. riso.si . nn juu ynko o.lifu.nc;c, 11.[', sor..r. Mtu hu;ra a.nnocopwo. sa.nn :po.le Kijijini kt-ro, wir:;i ucico, lmtu woto wc,n...'"'.mlolowc ni nwiSio 10 Huyu ni kr,tik.c, jo.r.1ii ;/2• ulo SilNTE MZU!3d:U c..Hyok.wisha. k..'7.r.:otwo. yuno m'.c.ltl huko Tc11t..,"t',o Tulipotolm pclo tulmonc:.c. npa,kn ochcou ya po.nc'...c. kwcnoy c:ukco Tulik..'i-<".n. nsi tv.11i 11C; a.kc..rn.1.zc. kujm:':i.bu ilc buncmd knr..1c.. inc,frn:i;yn kn.zi nu ho.prn.1c.., Alipie,n nojo. i ~ kwni.lD.. nc'J:.nio Lo.kin:;_ nini nilikuwn lmtikc.. urx:mclc we,, kur.11.)Clclczc nijuc a.livyo., Ilikujc. ~':. eyi~,Gi tt'!kc.nc tum.roe.,, tukno,11Zc, kuonc:okc.. , ni.r:ri. IIc..r.ri.si ro hicl:a IaTOTO, rnronyouc o..lish:ilcc buncitld o . Kwc.. hn·m imlo wa1-zyo c:.1.1.k.'.:1 wrum.1tljun 1'ri.J.r..c,oml..1. ku.tclm.. sic,"D..l'a., nikntac sb.ilir1t_--j. w2,kc. ni1x-, sic~"O.J'.'O..C :Yc;yo n::. utato uclmtakcc.. G1,1o.fln o,novv..c 11£,UO yn nvu...1, :r,yousi na c.lii)ofilm nc. yule ntoto o.lm:tu- 20 r,n1~ic. sisi sate tulv..}.o ol::;.ini tuknlc..la., laldni nilii.nulm kujiunen 00 lT011ZC11[,Uc. Zililru.W'C',i·TC]_)O l:.oln lmtik:, buJ.Jnshl', sno6:e,ooo/= n:1. Eolc.. zo.. silver shs.1,000/ = tv1~.:::'o.nild1·m tuknonc1.al:n t1.tlmfikn :nyunbc.ni. Ilu.1i.si clq:,,canc tvN.Jmoncln. l ::·m. njon1)a, wc.ka., ., • o., o o • o o o,,,,. o., tukr..anc:.r.. hnc'-i kl·rr-, njoobo. we.kc Hnnisi citwn.yo Rnncill::.mtl ML;oc.,u nu lt11[_;c..i. Ttui:pofilm Efnnisi clmificr...a 1JUm:uki 11yi)..!':k."- ye. :riyunbc. 11e.. al~ tu...-µ-.1M. :1 tutnnc..;uli.c:· nc.1..c..nie Mjonba. vTC,kc tulinku.tn nc. olmtut2,nc.1..ikin ki tc. nc1.r, tulr.::l.G.o · Hno.isi olmnuc,nbic. njonbn uc..ko kt..u·rc, wo·L<. tc.. chuno. kipo :nyunn. 1 11c-. njool,0 Wc.,ko clipatolm njc o.knruc:.i nc. ilo . 30 ' tunc1l.lki o.knjn clmif\.Uit_ruc, n.1, o.lmsc1JC, :i.nolmc..:-..10 sh~llri yr-. kutu, lcld11i a.tc.isc,fistr:. · i tc.ku.wc. reuri. Tulicc..wc,_ halo,;, tukc,pown. shs.500/= kiln ntu, uini m kilo kitotoo Uikc..ancole2, pc..lo 11ilmi-rMclln no.. :rule ntota. o.r.iba.c wm12.olmrcmc, ze,ic:.i 0 Hjanbc.. 1~.lm o.knnpo. shs .. 300/=s tulipamlizo, tuk...·'.lm:ribisl:1rc. Ui_,'T.',li tulmlc.., nc'-ipo ldk. D.tu. cJ.monclc, nclcc kurlcc 6 Tulikr,:. ouc':.n ,-re. 11iki. D.ojn. S:ilcu. y;:, Llhruiisi 110i.nc;ino l:...o..biso.. tul:cJ.w.t2..nn nn Ra.nisi ku.lo kulo hatclini o.lo::.nic..i:ibic,. ujanbn woke Ilo..r.nc'.hnni Ne;ci c..n.~ni to..lm, nc. o.kc..nia,r.1bin sc..fnri l:ii re.. ojonbo.. ntc.kwonc.1.o, lc.kini ni pa.oojn n.~ oinio 40 114 Tukclrutcn.1. nuc1n lm sc.c 6000 niliokubclio.. kwo.. kutclm 11iopclclozo ni wc.ngo..l)i _wo.nnfnnyo, ko.zi hii. Tulipof:i.ka. tuknrlku.tn kosho. iscfiol:n bunc.uki ilc nn o..ko,wckc. riso.si nnne nc1..c..ni yv. cb.UDD.., clco.wa, ennvuto. nje m ncbni ik..."'.vm inntoo. risa,si o Ho.po tuk......,_ oncloko.. Rnpo tonn wrr.nni toe:,-cc, 1'1D.Di klm ktl.tcl<:2, kuwcpolclozC". nik•.:.l:obo. . bi..mc'.uki n:iJ,;:,._".tnnc,.tliuo Tul'"...c,enc1..:. qpo.k..."'.. lr...c.ribu yr:. kufil<r, pclo so....:. kl.1ni nc, uojc. Wclmseno, tusifiko oclmnci., -u. "o o" tu11Ur..milro kicloco. Tulili:v.l'. DJ?clm sa....., 1030 '\..1.Siku tuknendc. npn.k.:.. k...-u-i1Ju no. nto o.k.o.tokon, ntu tusionju.1., .. clco,tuere soto, aknpito., n.'7.Si tttlmcouzc.. nji,:,, !J;}ri11Gino t1..tlmenc"1n lmc. kijcnc. onojc ciibco 10 G.iIDnijun. ki,li sinjui jinc, lake, nilmr.nn.1.lizc, njia. ~ kwcnc1n Ki"l;a.nbn. Hii e, nD.nnc, y.:,,~c ni kupnto, njio. ;yn r:iknto. Tukn:wczc kul)itc. porini, la.kini nilitnlm niwrwuto ·we.pita lmtilm oji. Ali tuelclwzn ki-ro, wocn wocr. kwa. kl.1tuo11...". lmli ilo m tunn silcl}L'.. Tuko..z,.1cli kicoco tuknpitc porini 11l",.njic ncoco tukr.olokoc huko tulikokusuc'ic.. Mini pnlo ni r.1wenyoji. Tulipofik..--. otoni ;y,.1.le Rc,lli',c1hmtl M'oocu clm,tclro kilo chllll.". nikcoi.n, tuknonclo.., nini P..ikctm'll,-ulic kishc lk.nisi nn yoyo~ So..fo..::d hii yulo ntoto hc-.lru- wcnoo Tulipofikz:i,, nilmsin...'1,f_lc.: chini -~-a, nti, mTCnJ'OWO (Rcrm.C.hnni Mtccu) c..lmZU!l[;UY..C, pa.nojo. re Hcoisi clcD,pica, risasi nno n...1ra oojc.., 20 nkc.n:;:>iGD. L4"J.ojc.., ri.n Ibnisi ckc,onc'ln clronshiko. okono, o.k..:.C%~- cl:.ini niknju._-,, koshc kt.uo.:., Tulminc;ic nc1..r,ni tukn,u:,ulim:, wa.lo w&..nwa. hnwc,m l:elc. Kunn kijano, nnojc, -wc.kr,r.nw4':ltio. ctoe hcla., C"l{m-ro, hcoo wcl:n.t.:'la:-. kur:1w1.,1Lt 1 niko.wc.kr.ta.~,c-,, nik.".□ch.,tla.m b.uyo kijc11D. nikc,r.lf\t..-ukc, ncbolcsi ili cl'c..a!lmli c,:fo n...-,, L:::.yo kuliko kwo., risasi. Kuliktu-m m kijmm rnrincine wc.knt2-lm kurn-ru.....,_ 1ri.kc;wnon1x1, wclmr.nmcLic tuknohukL.w, sic.,wroti tvlm0nc.:.okno Ibr:rl.si clitc..futa. clm].X'..tc shs. 100/ = tulmjo. m::.o kl·ra NbC:~u, wclmchukv.c, m l1t'.)lo Z:'..o sm··unli n.1, pclc wclCt..'•,P,l".ZO. kv.cmro., wnknnipc surunli nbili 30 Tho above quote cl stc.tcr.10nt is the I'elcv.:mt cvic.cncc ccm ttcc1.. l:y this Court o.s tho 1st acC1..1scc_f s confession to tho jwtico of tho poccc, p··,50 As I have n,1.roa.c1.y sc,it. a.bovo tho 1st n.ccuscclt s stc,tcncnt to the jtIDticc of tl:c l)Ol'.co wcs voltmto..rily mc1.c, this is no lo:ncor in c7.is?t,1to. Tl..10 question thc..t one ncy a.sk is whether tho inc:dnir..,:,,tinc fa.cts in this ext-.l'c juc'.icia.1 stntonoi:rf; of tl:-..o 1st oocuso(1. a,ec.inst the second. ccousccl Ila.r.lisi R::ncc'Jmni oon be tclcen into consic'loro.tion o_c::-,inst the soconc1. 2.ccunec1-. The law of Evie.once is VOJ..'Y cloa.i- on ttis point .1nc. tho 1~01cv~nt section is 33 of the E'Vic1.once !l..Ot, 1967, w!.1ich rocc:.s :- - 115 "33 -( 1) When t1,ro or noro ricroi:ms c.xo boi1ic trio cl jointly fol' tho ·so.no of.fence 91• for cliffoTont offences m-isinc out of the sane trnnsnction1 nnc. a oon:.fossion of the offence· Cl:. offence cbnrc,"Ccl rJOi!.o by one of those J?Orsons n:ffoctinc hiusol:f' anc'. sq,.10 other of thoso )?Orsons is provoc:, tho court no,y tc,ko that confession into consiu.orc.tion nur:-ninst tliD,t other person~ ( 2) Nctwithstc.nc.inc.; subs-cot ion( 1), n conviction o:f nn o,ccusod person shall not ho bo.socl solely on a, confession by a co-o.ccusec.. It is quite elem• tho1,oforo thct tl:o confession of 0110 acousoc1 which effects not only hir.iself l)Ut L1lso another one 1 or otho::-s, shc.11 not in i tsolf be su.bsta.ntic.1 oviclonco ncninst tho other or others jointly ch1.-U-C,"Cc'. with tho one who r.12,c.o tl.1_0 confession ul:icli. w2,s IJI'OVOc. in oviC,.onco C.;,..'.:s2,inst tlJE,t a.ccu.soc,._ po1·son. This noc.ns thc.tsono other rnte:cic.l oviclonco would. be roquirec1 to 001--robornte tho confession by ono of the 2,ccusecl. Tho 1st two c;ontlouon a,.gsossors oi)enionoc'. to tho court that apc:L"t :fron tl:.o 1st nccusoc.' s confession whicl:. contn.inoc. DD,to:da.1 fncts a,ffoctinc t::o seconcl o.ccusoc1.. Ho.aisi tLoro is none fron tho J.ll:osocution witnoosos. I ruJ in :L\.lll o.c;rce- nent with these two cssossors boC['.uso tho cvic.once of tho eye wi tnosoos 20 PW1 ,.:.: .:. PW1 o..ncl. PW3 tc.fr..s nothinc about tho seconc1.. nccusoC::. h.·w·.nc 1Joon idcntifiocl c.t tl:cc scone. Tho thi.rci_ o.soossor returned a, vc:rclict of rnn-clor n.en.inst tho seconcl acm.u::oc.. on tho crou,,'1.c. tbnt the stc..tonont of tho 1st nccusocl wa.s tlu•oti.cb,out consistent to the mtural com:-so of ov.:mtso Thn.t there wo.s no :rea,son on the part of the 1st nccu.soc'.. to ncntion ·ch.a soconc1.. c.ccusec'.. if he · lieve~ rart1c1pe-t_j_r.t in ·ttie <:;ommiscio.xi o!..... tho ·offence,. Ho ql.lm'riecl hinself why tho first a.ccusod never nontionocl otho:r porsons in that m•oo..o lihile I O.D tryil'JG to rcr-,son in tho om.10- lino o.s the tl:il-c:. o.ssoss.o:r, I no also nsld.nc rzysolf a.notho~· question, a.nc!. thnt is, if tho second. nccusoc'.. WM im1ocont why c1icl ho osccpo f':i:'on ronnnc'.. custoc~t? 30 !.l!'1 defence ncm.wocl clo.ir.1oc'. th..::t ho 1-rc.s clischn.reoc:. froo Kivukoni Court l,y tho la.t.e Cllnnzi, then n. district f,bcist?ntoo l.s ·r tole: tho n$sesco:rs in ey sunninc up to then tho Kivukoni I'.I record shows tho.t on 18/12/G1, before Po.ncoheln D1-1 1 tho com·t wa.s in:forncc. ty the public l)l"osocutcr t1'..c,t ,. _per the 3rC::. o..nc 4th n.cGusod cbsconclotlo The tr.irci_ c.ce,-usec. c..s L_tho P.I• record wa.s Hc..r.usi Rc.r.1c.c.l:;.c:.ni, tho present 0-ccucoclo l'i.n o:;,x1_or for wo.i.---r2,nt of ,U-i"OCt wc.s issu.oc. on tl-:c,t c:nto .:i.nc:. tl,~t ore.or continuoc1.. to Lo inforco imtil 26/ 2/82 when the coUJ:'t wc.s tole. tbr-,t tho thirc'. o.ccusoc:. 1:....,,c.1 1Joc11 :re-arrcstecl. - 116 Tho roco:rcl shows t1mt tho J_li:'ooont ncousod wn.s o.cn.in officially present before tho Kivi..1koni Court on 2/4/82. This 001.irt bo.s .1."ocoivoc1. ovic.onco which is to tho effect trot tho soconC: accused Ilc.c.1isi Rmc.clmni wns a.rrcstccl on 6/2/1982 in Morocoro lJy J?W6o Tl1cro is no {'..ou1Jt about hin boinc rc-.."'IX'rostocl ns a.ccusocl is not ch[l.lloncinc this. His bJ;,:position is tlmt he die. not oson.pc fro□ tl::.o :rono.nc1. custocy o.s clr~inoc1. by tho )?rosccution. Ls f~ o.s. I C'I.l concerned, al tl::ouch it io not tho n.ccuscc.' s burden to J?."I'OVO ruzy a.lloco.tions n.co.inst hir.i, ho is on tho other lmncl roqu.iroc!. by tho l,o,w to 00 b.onost. Tho Kivukoni pt'oooed.ir103 CS I ho.Vo scicl vory olcm•ly show thc,t Mc1..1Socl Ho.r.tlsi osco.,:;_)0c. froa tho rorn:ncl p:L"isons. 10 m.iy, none of w oa.n know unless cccusoc.1. tole:. w. In t!:.o o.bsonco of n.ny CX'.Qlnmtion cs to wl;y ho cscnl)Oc'., let r.lono wl~r ho shoulc:. now lie tho Court, thoz-o is justif'icc..tion by any snno nnd. :roc.sonnblo court to c1.rc.w Clll <ldvo:i:-so infc:;:-oncc .rocc..rc.i11G tl:o second c.ccusoc'.'..t s concluct. Thc,t ha.vine boon so.iC., t.owovcr, I 1JUJJt so,y f:ron tho outset thC'..t it is the :principle in tho case le,w tha.t tho court should. not convict en oocusocl l)Orson ncroiy bcco.uso tho c1.ofoncc co.so hns boostoc.:. up tho wonkencssos in tl:o en.so fol" p:rosocv.tio11. In ny view, before tho cc.so for tl::.c Mcusoc. is pm; into consiclcrntion, tho prosecution 0<."'..So m1St in i tsolf be wntor tic;ht. MJ · Mias Nl:icuJ.o.. fo:i:- tho soconc.1. a.ccusoc'. stn.tccl 1 tho only prosecution cvic.:.cncc20 is tho rcfi--.:i~otcc. corrftlssion of tho 1st o..ccusoc. Elic:,s Sctinbc. A rctro.ctoc1. or rcpuc'io.tcd confession cannot clone stnnc. a.a tto bnsis fo~ a conviction, corrobo:i."C,tion is nocoss:117. TJ.101•0 is no cor:-i.'ol10:rc.,tivo oviclonco ns fo.r v.s tho soocnc1 t1ccusocl is conco1•noc:.o I therefore she.re tho vioFs of tJ.::.o first a,nc1. scconc'. D.ssossors tl:ct tl~o c:x:tJ.,a, juclicial stG.tcnoni, ·1 of tt.o 1st nccusec. uhich iDplicntos n..::,"Cinst tho innocence of tho 2nc. nccusccl co.nnot in i tsclf fo:i:-w tho bo..sio of convicting the □ oconc:. nccuocc.1. o:-? this r.rurc:'..or cl:c.reo. I tho:roforo c;ivo Lir.i tLo benefit of tho c.1_ou1Jt c.nc:. ,.:.cquit hin forth- with unless 1::.o is hold Ul) fol' cny other lawful co.use• li.s for! t!.:,o 1st aocusoc.'J Elic.s Sotinbo.. 1tho cvic.1..oncc n[,nir:.st hi□ ens ts 30 no c.oubt cs to !ds GUil to I hcvo 1)orno in nine'. iY".lr. lrtuyc.' s proposition in his subnission thr.t tho cllcc.-oc1. stolon bee:. shoots a.nc1. cic;a.rcttos wora: not tonclcroc'. bc:fo::rc this cOtU't cs cxt.ibi t. l~lso I hcvc no qu..~cl with his stcto:aont tly:,t such itoos n.ro 00:.r,.1.on ito:as which crm 'be ol1tainc.cl in a.rw ohoJ?, 13 o.nc!. thct /.~1.l·ticuln.r on.rks on tl::.o st:.ic:. i)0cl sl:.ccts wc:a:-o iu.ontifioc:. to thie. cO'\..U't~ But lrl:.o.t io inporto.nt in ttis cc.so ·is wl:ctLoi· o.ccu..scc:. Elias Soti;.:ibn hns ui1c1.ou;Jtcc.lly boon put :richt into tJ.:o contra of tl:c cri□o as t:10 very cu.lpri t 1rl10 ui tl: others not known by thio court uont to tho shop of WJ.arcnGll:, inva.c.'!.ocl it rmc:. looted. fron tJ.:ci•oin soDo chop i tcr.1S incluLlil'l(; eic;nrn.ttos; 'bod shoots, :~to, o.nc:. tl:.c.t in that process they killccl the 40 clocco.occ:!. So.lchc Mccni. Tl::.o ovic:.cnco of Pi-13, PlT4 n.nc:. ?U5 is oxb..':'~tivo c..ncl I h...·wc 110 roe.son to co 1c..ck to it ~:ost I fine.'. r:zysolf sufforinc fron ixrqlovr.noo voi-bal ' / I m.1 sc.tisfioc:. iJoyonc'. rocsonablo C..oubt tl::.D.t tho -117 -- prosecution.have <lischargecl their b1.+rden~ All the three assessors have unanimously convicteJ the accused person of mur<ler. In my view they have rightly Jone so and I ho~d the same •view~ For this reason I convict the· first accuse<l of the offence of murtlP,r c/s. 196 of the Penal Code. ~✓ A. c. Nrema - PRMo (Exten<led Jurisdiction) 28/6/1991 Court: - As there is only one sentence provided for by tpe L~w in a murder offence, that is dea·i:'11 of the •accused person by hanging ' until accused dies, I have no alternative sentence to impo·se but to sentence the accused to ueQth penalty as provided under section 197 of the Penal Codeo He is accordingly sentenced to de&th. ... A. ( ~xtentled C. ~ jurisdiction) PRM. 28/6/1991 Judgment aelivered in open ~ourt this 28th day of June, 1991 • ... Mr. Mwengela/Nuanu - for the !- epublic - present. Miss. Nhigula/Mbuya for accused No.l - present. \ A. C. Mr~RM (Extenued Jurisdicti0~) 28/6/1991 Court: - rlight of Appeal explained to the 1st accu39d. J:1. • C• l 'a , PRM .. ' (£xtenJed Juris<liction) 28/6/1991 ...... Court: - hssessors thanked. ✓ i;,i.. C. Mrem , M. (~xten<led Jurisdiction) . 28/6/199i