ngonya vs national insurance corp ltd 1992 tzhc 3 15 september 1992
~..;"~" .. ;t . J]JJU,It. t;:..VID l:lGQr;nt.i: •••• i • i ••••••• i •i 4 • 0 .wilIC .... :NT versus 'm:ifJ is (',n o.;·:;l!or,ll!on for o~rs of berti<;ita.rl or:, 1 ':J,'=tI~pij" ;0 renoVo into tUs C01i1't o.ne.. ~ the l'.oci.Blon of the T3lxlrd 01 1)1t'oO;ors ot the Nc:li:lOl'ltl.i ~c.noG (JOl'Pottcf'iotl, ~41e.to...
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- Citation
- ngonya vs national insurance corp ltd 1992 tzhc 3 15 september 1992
- Court
- TZHC
- Jurisdiction
- Tanzania
- Judgment Date
- 15 September 1992
- Source Language
- en
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~..;"~" .. ;t . J]JJU,It. t;:..VID l:lGQr;nt.i: •••• i • i ••••••• i •i 4 • 0 .wilIC .... :NT versus 'm:ifJ is (',n o.;·:;l!or,ll!on for o~rs of berti<;ita.rl or:, 1 ':J,'=tI~pij" ;0 renoVo into tUs C01i1't o.ne.. ~ the l'.oci.Blon of the T3lxlrd 01 1)1t'oO;ors ot the Nc:li:lOl'ltl.i ~c.noG (JOl'Pottcf'iotl, ~41e.to t,o:,~'~i t1lG ~d 6£ 2)l:fuo'liors of the 1Q$1'01'1e:'on1 C~9~6tion tij ~iflE;+,. '"jO ths I:lol'Dl1ot.nt tl\t: U;O;;,o';1 ~J.illO(Jt ii to ~9i wHh fcJ.:i.~. Mr. MWtJcoaU11l.,uic~ 1e~t. dotiJ:1So1 to'11 tho 0l'pltor.t)"1i subD!:'",od '114. tho app1f.6rJti.6tt wr,s tor ~l~\) Ol'dglPS ~i'i'lOi\Ql~ nbQVe n~u' ii iIt\IJ bUtJ~ortol!. l)y an o.ffie.....• V1t of -tho tl.I>Plicc.nt. no;toM ~n to otcrto thhi tho l:j\u\ iL~t of 1l:~~11ct.tton tiCS tl:o.t tho ROIlr0!1C,ont in dDi~ rti1'W.1[; tho fcto of tt<.l tJl):'11io.-.,1\1 ;rc.~ In 'bi7octt" ot tLo .N1eo ot Mtu:t61 ~.itiG, 1\.')i:lo3,;; 'h~t 6 ~'ty ••hoult. iiO't 1>0 '~.tlitoc ~ crtc tb,c;t no otw Bl:.o'l"l.lt. 1}o r'. Juq;o Oc.uso. Ho ol:.1;orctod in his o't-n'l ihr-.'b tho J3odre. of D£.-.cotors in'its lettor of 25/7/91 tbrOC.Q;l tho Gonora.1 ~4,~n..".Gorstctoc. thct t~~,o C:.J~liocnt 1,n('. 1:;ocn disuis( oc. bo.cuso. tho B~~ of 1I1rcctoJ:'s founc. hiD [;\1i1ty c.ne",- t1:o :tintinc; wt.3 c.cowdina to tho o.'U~ t ~o:?o~.'t. But tho c.u('j, t rOlx:>rt frctl TC11fj~P1o. .•\.u"'i t OOr:i?Q;t'ctlOl1 't'12.S navel' 1JZ'OSOlltot to tho c;'J."lic[J'l"t t<> C()l\1;rc,ct:.o't; tho finGin(;S in it. Tb,c C;,j,)J.-"l!cr,nt\me thonfcg;'o not o.oo~ t1-o OJ?PortunJ. ty to cor.1r1Cll'lt ~ see' tl'...o roj?oxot 1'lOI' £ij.d llO c!>l'O~ t.t tho Pr(1)o Coooittoo. lt1. 1!ti'C'~"i.2J..a, ou1:Ji'.J:\tc(l tl~ct ntJ 0. bJ.'or.nc;, li•. '::.~, tho cl?P1ioc.nt \1C.s ont1tloc> tc know the l'lr.~ of tho iJM)st1[:2..tit>h ot Ua brnnoh. TIo C~Duol tJ:c,t t1:.o cpp~iCC'.nt ''rr',s tt~~t()1"i oc:mG.cpnocl \U'l110n)."(~ whioh '1<1 0. bror:-.ol·. of th,Q rules of. nc:.~t.1 jUat!ec. Hr. 14tfr'.kt\s\1nu""U1r. 4'Ofo~~ot:'tho cout ~. th~.Ot'.B08 CJt ~ .Gp!t9FYFW!. ioa.rA .X.H».{{'!J. (1915) :.£ 120 r..nt Je;;+it of, ei¥f..'U.9A~ p.;gv (1911) IJJ 179 1n SUlJ:lcrt of Lis rZ{,WJ011t. .1 J •••./2 / 1 1 1 T!.J,C sooon(~ lL1D of 1/[:;:-. Ih7t',lms'tUl[,ulc,Is canton; iOll 'tlC.G illc"t tho Boc..rc1of DiJ.~octors "VThonc"'.oli1~o::,e:.tinG \\'" on tho cc c of tl:o ...• OoIlllliccnt i'12,S coine: c.c;ci.l1ot tl:.o 2m:' l.",uc of n....... turC',l~sticQ in thet tl:.o :00[',1.'(:' lT2.8 c, J'1,.lC(;o in Ho Cim oouso. ITo 1.'Of( -'J.~d.to o.nno:";;'1.1::0 R2 c.ne. cont:L"":l\oc1t1:.~',t SillCO it is t2:0 Gone:::- UL~""O" who in:i.tic;toc:' tl:.o :J!'ocoodil1£;S ::11<."'. OO;],usoiono<."'.T:·nz:::.l1j:~~ dor:;o: '[~tion to cc::,."j.~Y out invosticC',tiol'ls ct Si11[;ic"'r.Brc . ;.- it lfCoS COL1I:.U tt )0 to W1'01'l(for t~:.o Gono:L'C'.lIIc,n:1:,o:: 2.n( tl:o !.l'"'.l'U',,(;orJ.ont doli' ):L'C,totho cc:,so of tl:.o o:}:;lio::-.nt on 2~ 7/ 91, boo;:',,\,1.S0;:10 subni.ttoc"'c, c.ny c"'..ooision of tho J)o[',;:.'c1 of Dirootors t:kol'l i tho ~sonco of t1:.0 GonoI'~~.llIC',mCol." 'b'I."..tin tho c1Jsonoo of tho .:;;''lliocn; o.oountoc:' to tl:o ft"ct tL':t tho Gonort,l lbn."'.J":;c:L' nl1<.".- tho Il["l1L 'i ,onont Conr.1itt(") took :)C:i."'t in tl:.o cloJ.1boJ.'C',tiol1S of tl:o Doc.!'c'. N-. "Iuc.ks.-""Sun(,ulC. "'o('. to tho co.sos of :J;~o !~~ rofo::..•• x.•.JI9nc1on 4W ~st4~'~. ~Qi.1 JP1 at ,.Ph.Qf.l,OY (1933) 2 103 092, [',nc..•• C00J?2r. v. ,lr~son (l~. ~7} ~ 103 307, c.n '. 11~~~.lo,Y 14c~oDO~-A~J,J. .P,~W 1 C£ :v;.'¥'i.0 _..~ (1970) :, .•.\ II m ..452. no su1mi ttocl tl~L'ttho Qon~~1 1&-'..nP(,"O.'G.nd his toe,:"nero I>roscnt in tLo Domocl I,Ioot:iJ.x; l~oh l'..ociC.o<,l. th) fn1ii of thc--':'');j1icr.nt C'.l1c' .. tLc.t on tI1C t\Utho:L"it1os cited o.1~OV'D he 't'lC'4 ~r,yin fo:~ t!:c ["7'[',nt of tho cDl11io<-.-..t10n tv tho C~. In :L"CT.;?ly, Dr. l1c,I'\-U1(:[~, 10:.'.Z.~o~Counsol for tho ~s:')Drltont s'libni ttoc1 th;:;,t c.. ab,c,::c;'CllC1.S /30:i."V'Oc. on iho c,Pl111ocnt u'.... icl: con'"to.ino,1. eC1VO:t'::l.l (".isoiI>li~'U'~·offenoos. T.:o o.:;')l'llioent lTC.S Givon Clt C]",)QrtuniW ~o rolll;~t to tho clT2G'O [m(~ 1:'0 e11e". cotu.-.".11y rODly. Then on t2-0 bc.s1e cf the ob..['.I'L;O &at _oily tho Do:~C. of Di:;:-ootors Conr.rl.ssiono(~ C.'leitOrs to vor1f-,r tho oontr:.C.ict10ns :Jo't1roon ~:() c1J.~(;O c.nc. rOJ?ly.. TLo c.ui'..itoJ.'s su1~:~rl. ttc,~ tl'.oU> J.Xl:!ol"t to tho :BocJ.~e~ en,: ~ho !3oc.rc'"~i(~oraC. tho chc.::'co, ;;:'0I>1~7 2.n'''.- tLo c.i.1.c"'.itojJ(lf :i:'C:;)oX'l cm: l.ooitoC. to !.1snios i!lO C:'')l'llict.nt. m-. Iblmnc..e. CO:1t0l1C Oc.•• C-"c~ ~ thOuQ.l tLo i..':.0Dl;fAc'..n:t llCS n<>i .... Given tho 0lJ:'')O:L'tt.'!.l:1i ty to 1'0;j?13r to tho c.UCj,t rc~on, tho c",ett Me'..no" comlC',,:in c:.n~i'thi1'l(;l'lOll iTl:.ioh tl:o ('.D:?11c.c.- llr'S not c:.~~" of, ~c'!."'~ 'tho J."OlJ~t 0l:1'-~· oonfi~~r_1V<':' cllO{;,:""i;io11$ in tho cl:.c.rc.;o.. ~!' lI::'1j7Unc1.a. subni ttot', tl:::-,t tJ:Ol'O vR.S tl:e:,.'ofo;:,c 1'10 Qontrc:.vont1.on ~~ 'the n~, of tl'.Q Z't~locof nc,1i'\.u'o..l juatioc ot tho r1G!.t to bo hQ~~ ••• e,,!J Ui tl: rou~:<:'(:' to tho l)rosonoo of tho Gcnol"n1 Hr,nc,cor in tho B02.rl~nootinc, Dr. 1'k'.J!L'U'l<'..C', s1.l.1):~1ittoC. tLr,t it lTC.S true thct tho GOl'loj;':::,l ~Ic.:nncornttonc:'oC. tl:e boc.rC.. nootinc of 25 ''''/91 l)ut thc.t he ll'C,S only tLo:'o C$ :.;c..rt of tho tC1'1C.C0i:10nt c~n( (it: not tnko o.ny Dc.r'(j in tho Doc.rC'+ s c.~olibo:<.:'ctionssinoo Lo is no;, Boc.rc.;'t:Ior.lbor. no se,ic.:'th:::-,tLis r:::080noo WC.Sonly :!roco(:'uro.1 booC',us) t'~o IJt:l,11O.0mont iTC.Sa.l~TO.Ys il1vi to c.:'in tLo Boc..rc. .••ncotinc. ~c' 8\.\lmittoC. thc.t tho e"..ooision to c".isnise tho a.:')j!lioc,l1t sunrJC'~ily 1'rr.' (1O.c"'.0 by tho Boc..rc.".. 110nlJ ors only. Dr. I:1c'J!Lll'1e:'G, hClTovcr, conoo C..o<.:' t \C.t he "ITC.S D.ll'C.rO of tho 1."'U10 th·.~t noro ~')l."'Osonoo of o.n intorostoc. .••::K" "y in tho o,'bsonoo of tho otho::, J)c.rt;r WQ"l.1.lC .. vi ti2.to tl:.o P:L'ooooC.i11(;o,Ho sc.ic. the,t ho 1~2.('" :;;,oG(:' the e~utLo:,"i tios oi toe:' ~:;rhis 10[,.J:'11ec.:' fJ:':l) lC;' o,n""thc,t ho uns :,11 a.:-.;t'Oooantui th thon. In 0. f\u:'thor rOl,ly, Ur. l,IuC'JmsunOllc.S2.iC.tl:..c,t Me );'c"'..incto tho nir-utos of 25/7/91 tho Gono:";'0lHemc/Jor wns :.)rosont tOl '<. thor with his r.nn'{:.u!.1onttoc.n u110ntho fo,to of tho o.1)p1ior,nt i1'C,s1.Jo~:r.::c1i.scuasoc. but the;'; tho nirru.tos VIcro silont 2.0 to nIlo took o.otivo po.:d in tho c.olibor ,tions. TIo 'j.ll"2.yOC.:' thc~t tho nitDj,tes bo quo.shoc:' on tl:.o bnsis the.t t~,0 C1'11lio['.nt W'c.snot thore. 11:r• M1Tnkr:'.S\.1.l'1{;Ulo. o,lso 8U'bI'llttec. thct tLo lettcl" of C..is:1is::ml Lc.s 2 lirJl:s, 0110oonoorninc "tho oha.rgo em: tl.o ot1:01" oonoc:L'ninc tho finc:'incs of tho nuc.'!.i t, o.nc'"tl.i : ~\:.c1i. t rOj;lort is tho one uLiol:. lToic;hoc;,LJO~ton tho Bo[',.J:'('" in oonhl.[, t<;> tho vonolusion to c.".isr.1isstl:o C'::.n1lioc,nt. ITo S'l.'.bnitteC. f'l.ll'tl.Ol"thc.t if thoro 1'1O.S 1'l0tl:.il1£;110Utho11 t1:0 :Ooc,r(".. shO'Ulc.'!. 1:o.vo[',otoc'"on ,;1'.0 allc.rGC Tl:.o Cluostiol1s to lJo :'l'lSuoroc.'lin thio e.p?lio::,.tiol1 m"c nc.inly 2. Theso ero, (I) uhotl~e2' tl::.e c,:;.;:...,liccmt lfC,SG'ivon tho O:":;)OI'tullit;rto l)l"osont Lis oc-so :.;ro:;;cl"ly cnC'.(2) lThothor it V/'O.8 in orc..•• or fo:, tho Gonorc.1 lLc.rl ... ,:"co::,,' to c,ttonc..••tho Doo,:,;'c:!. [looth'lL; in tho 0.1S01100of tho cpplioc'.1'lt. ITitl: rcC;C'.rc"'.. to t1:.o fi:i."st quostion it is oy opiniJl'l the.t tho o.11plioc,nt ~r~:snot c;iven o..n o:.::::ol""hmityto 1):L'esent l:is OGGOin full beforo tl:.o :30c..:.'c:!. bOOC:L1S0 1:.0lIT'.3 not sl:.o~mtho o..uGit r0:i.lo:;,"'i; fer hio to oonr.1ont 011. Sinoo tho C.U('.itl"O:')Oj. .•t forr.10c'!.the bc.sis of tho c\1cis1on of tLo BoC'.:}('" of Direct :)1"0, it 112.13 nocess::l.7 to sorve 0. copy of tho rOl)ort to tl'.o c.:.):.;licc.nt fo:;."Lis 00~Jr.1onts. T1:.ontho COIT".10nts of tho C'.l;plicr-.nt lTOl.llc:' 'bo t:::kon to tho JJo22C:,so tl:.d t!'"-oB00I'C.'!. lTOUlc'" then ..... /4 look both et tho :-"uC.i t ro::;o:,-,tem.•..tho oOIJOonts of thu em?lioent. Tho OL'..SOS of Docre"'..of JJJt"'.u .•..1008.1 GOVOl~:lOl'ltBoa.rd . cc.ti.on v :'1ioo, CJ:lC v. 111'1ic.l.{iO 01toe"'..t,bovo m"o rolovc,nt in this 08.S0 nor-oeo l)oc....... uso thoy oloc.rly ateto tb ... ",t t1:0 j!<."..::>tios in tLo oontrovo:L"El~: should bo civen ~ fc.i:r oD~ortunity to oo~root or oontr8.eliot Gny ~olovGnt sta.tonont in en;y infornc,tion olJteince"" by 0. Doo.r-ellThic:' is projue:.!oir'..l to thoir vi ow• Cortc:.ij:lly in tl:.is QGSOtho ~uCi'Ii I'ODort wo.s projuCioio.l to tho viovr of tLo c"l'IJlicc,nt. It OUO::.tt: ;·lC',.VO boon civon to hin for Lis COi:ll:lontS. Tho BOGre.:',thm:.'oforo, tho 4\\t.Q COJ.1t:.'o,vonoC'. of na.tura.l justioo na.noly tL.o ricJ:.t of tho c,:;'")l)liccmtto DC hOo,l"t.• Soconc"..ly, wi.t1:. rOGc.:.'c.to tllo socene..•.(lUostion, tb.o J));,rC. .••.wcs o,c;c.in in b"Oc.oh of tl:.o :i."'1..UOS of no.tur~l justico sinco tho Jlco.rc".. doliboI'c,toe.: on the 0::.00 of tho c.:';j}lic;'..nt in t1:.0 ):L"OsoncQc f tho Oonoro,l HC~l1o.c;Ol" 1'1'1:0 lTC.a in t!:.o lJooition of c. prosoC'Utor. I ~'-o oc.so Ilv ~".:";1Clo«~potr0-v0li ten Doroud:. C01,.lllcil. o,2f. .•J?D..rtoTI09k citae .•..lJy r,il". Mm;Jmst.U1Guleis roloVL,nt. Th~" t oa.so hole....intor alia. t1:c,t "tho locc.l c.uthority m;.s in 1:>:I:.'oc,c1: of -(;;'.c rulos of l1L',tuxc,l just:i,oo sinco tho Corni ttoo lloc.rd t1:o D.<-'\rkotnc.necor1 S ovie""onooin tho 0.1;sonoo of ~o o.pDlicr'..nt or his 1'011:1:.'08 ontc,t i va, c.ne1.. tho nc..rkot nenc.[;or, '\'Thoua.s in i¢lo p08i t ion of a. Dl"OsoCt.l.tor,!.[,,(:. boon j}rosont c.,t tho G.alioo:O:-c-:tionsof tho oorJOittoo Ul:oll it acno to its ('"ocioion." It hc.s boon stc.tO(""f':::'OLl tho l~c.l". thc.t thero is no 0-",-!Cm1.Qo of :::.ny ]?D.rticiIJ[',tion in tho e1..01ibol"cticns of tho Boc..::.:c.". by tho Gonof:::'! l-t•..• Ik".[;or lTho 1ms not a. nOLlGOrof tho Boc.rc......But tho oeoo ci-,~oe"'.. nbovo cloos not mko it nooossc.J.."YtLct tllO G01101"1'.',1 I:Ic,l1c..{;OJ.:' shoulc. J?CI'tioij?Cto in a.ctu2,l fc.ct. It is Ol1ouQ.lif ho is in tho na.turo of c. :).-:'osocu.'bor Me.•..ho is 11i:'OSonte.•.. uril1l; t1:o (".oli1Jo:i.":::.tiol1s of t1:.0 Boc.rc.. I a.croo ui tI: tho (".ooioio11s roechoe". in tho onsos of P.v Ba.r.el.o~ 11,,13.0. 0;: 1)c.r~.2IIoo,k ~. ,Looel Govorm-.1ontD0ClJi,'e.:' 13oa.re,ot v .•\EliE1:,u :::.nc."_ Efficc,tiol1 v nico ci toe". e;)ovo. Ine.".coe:'J):i."olio.punek, for tho ros)onc".onll • ec.ie".tL.d 1:.0too a.erooel ilitl:. t1:0 e.:'ocision in n v Ba.rnsoly 11.JJ"C.o, uhiah holel tl1.-",t:;;:I:.'ocooC'..incs W'Ol1.1e.". ;)0 vi tic.toe.". 'by :;1"OS01100 of en 01?Posing 11ClJ.--ty. • .• J5 I:;~ Fo:il,1:11~c,1;oVC J:CC,130lW" I ~n'b thi~ ~DJ?1ic~on.. I ljp1G ~1 tho ",~sion of tho Doo.rc'1of Dil"ootOj."S 'tIC.S v1tio.-toc".. 'Jy c, 1;~oc.ch o~ tho rolos of ho.ttU'c..l justioo. I thol'Oforo ~sh bhoJ4;l~s c.oOisiol1 of Uisr.lisei1"1Gt1:o c;;):'jliocnt. Tho 0,:l11110c..p1;' s to bo ~.;r:IJI)d llt.i.ll tho ol:r.illoyoo at tho l'Osl')onc".cnt ~c, Lon c.nc. jo ~ boon auoh ~lo~ ..:u. .tao ae It. Q. tl'J.p ~(). ion to Cj,soiss ~~4) 11.10 L..-:.s boon qua.ahoC:. I oOr::n:Pnd tl'...".t tl:o rOS?CJ1('.oDt ;i."'<. .twl~ ~o o.l)~~ ~'U1th (',n(~ DC,y hin 0..11 his sc..l;-:.:dcEl c..nt at: O:i:'P~:tB bo()f.'-usQ 'tho t':?I'l~t. iJ;J nnc.~ 1:...•....•• ;lw.r.~ ~ Ulo ~c OJ of ~ :I:'O.rn>~on:li• ! • ~1, ? ;';..';~ JUIX1D 1'5/~f92 DolivoZ'oc~ to tho ?m.•tics. M:z:. }11m.l~uX;t.".J.c,~or c.?J?11CLjnt ~. . - , ~ l4C.~. £Q-;'" t1;'..o ~1JQ11c~. 1f..~~:~}V~~J- 1T¢ intone".. tQ ~:?lXi;'.l n.Cr'.i~t:'l~ ~i~ for c, oopy cf tho ~1"lG.