19920928 TZHC Dar es Salaam

' ..,I nr TIIE m:orr COURT OF TAlTZ.ANIA AT Dlln ES S.b.Lll.AlI APPELLATE JURISDICTIOM ID:GII CotmT CRDID'1.ll.L APPEAL NO ,!)2 ,0~ 1922, (F.ro:.1 e:~ic;:i.:.:.~l C:r:i.r:t.i.nr:l C.:,,oc N'o, 396 of 1991 of t:tQ Diotrlct at . Kivukoni) Bof9ro KIYEYEU, EoqJ Ilosidont H~-1.:tu:rntc D.P .P" ....... • •• ,, ••• • ... •., ••• ., • ••• • ••• • • ••• •.,. ••••• APPELLANT (Oricrinal .Aoousod) vor:::ru.o Y/SJJJl:lA. liO!WiCED SAIDI •• • • • ... ,.. ... ,. , • " • • • • , • • • •·• • ..... • .il.ESPONDlil'fT JU~GMENi Thio•io ::in Q,ppocl by tJio DPP neainot c clooisipn of tho trbJ., suborc.1innto court (Ilnlo. D:J.a1;xiot Court) 1n acq1.1.i.,aiil-ie Ycl1eyo. llo~"'I:1oc1 Scidi, tho Rcspoltdont 1 of cha.ra-oa brott;ht ace.inst ·hio under section 299 of t!.lo Pon.al Coclo, .that is Crioinal TJ:tcapn.ss,, L"'l h.i..o lfo:r:iora.nduo of Appoo.J. tho DPP rciooo fi'Vo erounds, oll of uM.oh nra of a a011crcl. ohnro.otcr. ~t;1oy cl.l contra, a.a 1t '1-toul.cl D.l)poor, on 0, confu.ssion cDUScc1 1)y t:10 DC'J.' cs Solaal'l Lond Otfioo in aj.101400 two poopla tp boliO'"vc tho.ii -~hoy wro thQ t:r:uo ooot'l.I)onta of o. plot of lc111d in uncn:irvo:~ol'.., aqut1,ttor. D.rOa. of Mnti.zooo, i.11 Der. ca .soJ.c..no. '2ho word aJ.lorot ia uao,1 dolibara.toly ct t'.'.lia staaa to . . .onphr.siso eooc 001:10on o.rcna found in tho ovirl.a:l.Oo of, both .po.rtica to -'tihio oo.so, nao.03:Y- 1. Tho plot ho.cl not bcc11 olloca.tcd to noi·~:io.r PW1, tho oor.1plainant, nor to tho a.oouaod pOl' son. iJ o survey hod boon oo:adue i;od, no bacoo11a a:f'fixo<lt no 11 offar"· crivcn .. Only lottcrs c.11d other :vloiniatrr..tivo ~omonta wara given to both p['.l'tica. \ - 2 - 2,., Tho Into:rnol Ilovenue Offico (IRD) hlld ttivon nunbors to housos in tho nl'On. for purposos o,f \ ' .; . . on~ id(mtificati~ · rlld rooord kGo~ 11h~ oollaoiiillg pro~orty t~.. .Such n~bars 'by tho :crw Oel'l.l:lot, log-r.l'.cy' apocld.ne,bo tclcen to rjocin plo~ allocn.tion nuobors, vr.i.thin tho s-liric1 i.ntor- prota.tion of' tho ln.w crovor.nine lDnd oc-liJli<ll's .. It would r,pp~r.z:1 thOJ:'ofoz,o, }Xl'oport to atn:to ·a.t tlu.s junoturo, tho.t 'both Pif1 met tho nocuooc.l h~l boan nisiond sinoo 1902 to boliovo .. tho.t tha.t piooo of lond balongod to thoo. Doth p~d tho 11ooosao.ey govorru:iont duos., Tho tricl. oour-t· oz.1ninod tho ovidonoo of both p~os, Visited. tho disputed. plot of lmd and finnll,y e!.ooid.od. to Ollquit tho acousod• I havo •oz.".tlinad tho triol court's prooood.inGs and. it would. ·o.ppo~ >of'oro LlG thct t~o :f'~ll0idn6 oattors woro oloar.li ost~blishod- .. 1. Tho oonfussion is not . ~oroly of houso mm'bars (a 363 ~ G · 365?) but also of onny pomwont; fixtuttoa on tho so.id n:roa.. PW1 oloins thn,t ho hnd built. a hou.so on tho plot ' / . ) . in 1902 but tho.t wo.o dGnolishad .by tho· Ci-ti Cowell in 1904 npp~ont~ rr.i. th.out notioot. Sovoro.l Ptfa (Pfr'2, 3 ond 6) howovo.i:', ehofr that infaot/tho disputed t'J.'Ci_r,. ttM an opan · lnnd usocl by Plt1 to conduo-t sono buaino es -: sollinB' firo· wood •..I:>;c'ior: to th.-:i,;t pariod it was nn oopizy" 11 &1c,r.iba.. tt · ';l'bie confirns tho Ilosponclont' s vorsion that when ~o 'Wt',G ollooa.tad tllo.t piaoo of land, ho found no firluro~ thoroo11. 2. Upon visitine' thq disputod plot of land, tho· trial oO'ltl't- fotmd o. house thoroat, nn old houcm, ].lt'ob~ly 1,uilt in .tho ODJ:ly 19Gos.. Tho Roepondo:nt olai.os that ho built tho.~ houso in 1932,. Tho PWs o.tt~optod ( nnd it wow.cl ~Jpo~ to no) unsuooossfully to convince tho trial Jl'.Iociir'i;rc:to,. . . Mr.., Kiyoyou., . RM, fut tho houso ho saw ct tho soano wco 1r..dlt in tho la.to 1900s (19G9?). I woUld not liko to cliffor. uith tho trial Mnc,-j,st:i:rr,to 011 this ·finclitlG,• 3/... ,I - 3 - liroo tho r-..fOl'Ocroing it appo:?.rs oloarly that both tlio ooopla.inant (PW1) md tho Rospondm.1.t in this appocl- 1 11GJ:'o llie~oad by t!lo Lcal<l Offic'? to boiiovo i;hc:,,t thay wro tho tru.o oocu.piore o~ tho'. oe..id pror.dsos. Cito frict ~bich is no~ olaar howovo;r, is, hair oould this problon e.."dst f:roo 1902 up to 1990 whon ovontually tho prosoou.:liion c1ooidod to oha:r::~o tho RospondoJ.?.t. '!'ho abovo oonfusion notwithstmcl.incr it would appor-.r- tho:!; tbia oa.so is ooro of n oivil t~-m. of a. CriminoJ.'nn.turo cnt1.-it is puz~o a as to wey thoso o:tt:wiltol proceoclinga woro oponed.1 nf-'Ga;tt aJ.l. I will oxplai.n. 1• Tho ohnrgo shoot stctes that th_o a.crh of o~ininal troapa.ss took placo on ·15 ~"'Us·t. ·1990; 0..111.czto is · no ovidonoo. to support. thn.t statooont ond particu- L.....r~ tho clatG g-ivon -:- t.fuy 15 Aucu.st 1990 1 wlzy- not 19027 or 1904 who11. it is nllocrod that ti1.o Rosponclont 0001..,.piou tho disputed lend? . 2c Tho nooused was oh~~oc.t 1-rith orin.i.ncl -tl:taspa.as. Tho trlo.l oourt did not nddross, itself to tbis locr·ru. . issuo- Ir~to::-,c'. · .. it cloolt only ·with tho faot:P.. of tho oaso. Now, tho l~-r in Tonzonia, is vary clear on the cri.1.0stion of trErSPa.as. Tho followhle _olononto (for ~posos of this o.ppo4) mtat have boon provocl nt'llol;y' ~ ' I 1. - 'E.1aro nust be entering into tho;t µroporty (houso, vassal oto) of which is in possession of ~t0tho.-r." pors()ll. 2. Tho said ontaring· nust be ui1.:t.o.wf't=1 ( tl:uo without lawful cu.tt.b.o:L'iso.tion) •. Tho intention. to coru:ti.t ~-- .-:i:·:c.-:-~ - -· .J ~a.i.L.,.et tho possessor. - 4 - In so far as t110 Re sponclont c:i.s conoCJmed eJ.l tho tl~a olonents above were not provdc1 aero.net hin4 I an awn:rc of the mioi intel!- preta.tion accord.ad to t!;1-e worc1 ttcntcrill[tfl 'n.s is in sono ~ l'i'ostorn md coooon ic.\w jurisdictions. Such rai :i.nterprotation oou.lc1 11ot be a,ppliad 1 ~us one -wnoro an aoousec1 is nislod. oy. .thc, lrnr.t'ul . in a oo.~o , . . . (lMd.) authorities to boliovo -. that lio is tho law.f\tl ocoupia:ti: of tho c'!i$1iod. . . p.rob~soa. _.. ,,~ It is rJV<IJ.l. ~. . a.trt:totiit to o,pply it whon th.01'0 n.ro serious doubts.·to:-;the Ol"odi1Jility of tho evid.onoe of tho kay PWs1 D.S tho tx-it!l ., •"."· oagistl.'ate found. o; . ' • <. . Tho Rospond(ll.1t's occupation of tho sa:Ld prooiscs w~s 11ot - so it woulcl a.ppoe.r f:Lton the ovid8no.o ~ailablo - intoncled to ooonit ~ offano.a(aga.inst tho oonplainant nor to intioidato him... ~,,.. ~'t.. ·tibi·tho a'bovo ror,,oons, this appeal is to fail.. I oonour id.th the findings of the trieJ. . oourt and disoiss the o,ppat:'l I I oust a.c1.d. iooo- . ~- .. {;/.· . ~- .,. . .•. dia.te:cy, hoWGVar:, tho.t •tho di.eoissal of tho appeal is 110t an ipso faoto confi:cii_a.tion of tho Respondent e.s tho law.f'ul occupier of tho disputod prOIJ!.sce. Tho disi:ti.ssal:. • -., (I ., ' of this ,.- . a.ppoal. is n. ucro ostnblishoont of a non • Ol'ioinal lio.b:Uity r:ieainst tho Rcsponc1.ont o.s ohaTGOd i11 ~10 trial court. Tho issuo of who is tho tru.a oocupior of tho disputed lnnd ht\S not boon cstablishod by -t10 lond. Offioo. It lc-,;s to do so et one stt-eo or tho oth.(31'• T?.10.t is not.\,.,.tho · duty of this court, •'\.' ,, •i tat . . •· .. S.J .mf.t£tr , PRM ti· . EXTENDED JURISilICTrOU • · 20/9/1992. ·o _,..