19971011 TZHC Dar es Salaam

TN 'T'HF: HJGH C:OtlR'l' OF 'J'AN7.ANlA AT nAR RR RAiAAM CJVTL APPEAL NO. 79 OF 1Q97 (From Origin.::tl RM's Court. Ki.sut.11 i'n Civi.l C-'lse No. ?.1\9?,) SHANT AVtJBU APPF.Lf.,AN'l' VF.RSUS TRRAHTM OSMAN MOHAMED RJ.:SPONDF.NT J U D G R M 8 N T 'rhe AppAlJant: Rh1:1nj Ayuhn,. ji::; r,1 dAfend-9n( in Civil r:asA No. 7.1 of 1qq7. before the J<ii:=;ut.11 Resiilt=rnt. Mr19ist.rAtRR r.om·t. hi'lv'ing been FHiAd by Thtrih:im o,~m;::in Mohl'lme<l fnr "del iv<-H"Y ,H1<l V,:H~,nit: poi:;sessinn" of .::i hm1sA i:tllegArl.ly Rold by the formAt t.o hjm, As to how the matter came on appeal before the tern1ination of the said c.::tse the following iR the story. After the plaintiff (Respon<lent in this Appe.::il) haa closed his case and defen~Ant (Appellant) entered his defence hy calling 4 witneFH-'!Af: incl11ding h:imF:eJf, on 1·hA nAxt ,fay fixAd fnr cont.i.n11at·.ion of ht=!,:iring., t.h<,~ evjrlence of th(~ 5th posFdhly nf defence wi. t:ness _. the Appe 1 J i'lnt f j 1 ed i'l chRmhe,· R1i111mnns stJpporb~d by Rn affidavit: prriying to have the r.tvil Case stood over, that is ( RR pi:H· exnr.t wonls 11sed i 11 t·.he r.hri111her ,.-;11111mom:i), " .... r1,l:in11rn t·.he hP.rtr.ing of R suit. (tnAin suit) RM Civil Ci:ISA No. 7.1 of 1q97. unt..iJ cr.indnal r.a:::;i=~ No. 1()8g of 1996 hefote\_of this sr1me r.ourt.. is hA;in:I .::ind finrtlJy rlAt.erm:inP.rl;i. Tn support of his appl'ic;;:iti,on hP.fnn::i t,hA lowet r.011rt:..- t:he Appellant: in his Affi<'!Rvit., stated that the Respondent, Thrahi.m Osman Mohamed is an ;:Jr.r.usAd i11 Criininril CrJse No. 1089 of 19<H;, f ar.:e<'J w:i th r.h,,irges Hof conmd t ting f orgAr y on <'loc1111H•rnts so RR t..o <'lefr,;:rnd PT,O'rS at. K.inondon-i. "A",. TsP.rt=l strAet., which T hol.il rt right of occup;:incy r1t1d owner of stn1r.t:11res t.he:n:~011 Rnd t-.hA $tlit • it prem1.ses . A ft.er <l11A hPrlr i na of bnt h o;.1 rt ·i P.~ i t1 re~pAr:t nf t hP. r.hamhe1- r1ppl i r.r1 Linn t-.hA 1P.r1rned RA:=;ir1Ant-. M.:=tciii:d1·r1tP.. in"' ln·ipf n11"ing, <lismissAd t.hA sc1id ;:ipplicr1t.ion. 'l'hA lower c:rrnrt hP-1<1, "'T'her.e .is abundant. ,3ut.horitv on -=t disput.B likR th(,=; which i. n v o 1 v e i=; J ;:ind . Wh An p ;i rt i P. s ;:u· P. cH :=;put i n g on who h r1 s Pl r i i;, ht-. to dt=welop .lr1nrl, r.1 cr.iminal Ci'lfH~ .i:=: not proper avAnue fot· rAsolv:ing t.h~ a j spute. 'T'he proper nu~thnrl for n~sn 1 v·i n~ Fmr:h rl i :,;pntAR is the jn::;tit.11t.ion of c:iv.il suits. 'T'hAl"Afnt·P. this i:;t1it. 1.r1lrns priority t.o cr.i.m.inr.tl cr1RA prefArrecJ r!Qrlinst. the plPiintiff". Shanj Ay11h11 r.ould not st.omnr.h t.his hencA thA prAsAnt ;:ippA;:IJ agPiinst t.hnt n1ling. Wh i 1 A Appe 11,rnt: fought i.t. n11t on h j :,-.:; own_. t.he RAspondP.nt Wns n~pre:=:ent.ed hy Mr. Ukongw;:i _. 1 Pr1rnfHl AclvocntP.. On rlppA.::tl l·n ltd:-:: <~01Jrf-. vi<lA ltiR IIIP.llln nf AppA;:il nnrl orAlly P.Xpr1nr]Arl ,l11rin~1 t·hA hA.:it··it1~1. f·.hA AppF!ll.:inl r.h.::tllAn~rnr} t·hA lnwt:=1.t" r.nuri-'i::; ruling by i,;t·r1Hha t·hr1t H1P. r.oud· P.t·1·P.r1 ·iu ·1.:iw in ho1c1ing th;:it- r.ivil .:inn (~riminr1l pl·nr.AP.rl·iny-s fnr n~snlving n·iia;pllt:A r~g;:irclinq nwnen::h·ip nf 1.:in,1 ii:: t·hA ~i'l111A i'!~ whl'H'A for9fn·y of ckir.11mAnf··.i:1 fot· nwnAr:=:hip nf lr1t1rJ i:=i ittvn1VP<1.: t.hr1t· 1 hA lowRt· cmn-·t: ovP.rlooked t·hA f;:ir.t. th;:it- dPI-.P.1·minr1t:-ion in <T. c;:isP. No. 1089\gfi is nP.r.P.ssr1ry P.viclenr.P. in RM Civj l C:FtsA No. ?.1 \q?._: r1nd 1.hrtl: the 0 ".:ih11nd;:rnt ;:iuthor i.t.y rel :i Aa npon j s i n·e 1 P.v.:int. Tn ,·espnnse_. Mr. !Jknngw;:i .:ilmost l"P.il·Arnt·Ad his suhmis:=;ions heforP. thA lowar r.otn-1·, maint·.::dninq ihr-1t· Rit1r:H 1qq1 whAi1 1'.hA m;:itt.Ar w;:is filA<l hAfot·A LhA H·igh C:n111·i', (hAfnn~ it-. Wn:=t trr!tHdP.rA<l t.o Ki:=:ut.11 RM'i::; r.onrt\ till t·.hA 9iving nf his Pvicl.n1r.A in r!nnrt:. .in 1 qqfi _. t.hP. AppP.l 1 ant hnd nP.vP.r ;:il 1 A9P.d fnJ"gAry: thwt- :it i R gllAAr t.hrJt Appellant· r.ou],1 npply for :::;t-ay of pror:E:-H~(lingR rtt. s11r.h lat.A sti'lgA whArA only nnP. lai::;t. witne:=:R fnr nP.fAnr.e iR yAt tn tP.Rt.ify; t.h;:it. AppAll;.:int. hi'JR nP.vAr rlii:;p111:erl RA11ing l·hi:i pr·opet·ty nnly l·h,31-. t.hP. iRRllP iR whP.thAr 1-he F(rflA Wi'JR r·nmplP.tA :-rnrl t·_hi'lt if ,1nything it. iR t-.hA r.riminal r~rtRA wh·ir.h Rhnuld hA :=;t:;:tyP.11. HA inRii=;l·.erl tJ1rtl- whP.t·A nwnArRhip of ·1an<l iR rJ·i:=:p11I.A<l c~ri.minnl plOCP.AningR l'-.hni1ld hA i::;f-.rJyA<i :=;n thr1l., t:hA tnflfh=,r ii:: dP.f"'.'.idP.11 it-, r~ivil pt·1H!fl!eclit1gR! ;:m<'l hP. r.·if·.P.rl thP. r.PclSA of Snici ,TUIIIFI (1968) HC'.D 158 :-:ind J<ihwr.1nA Mnhr-3111P<1 v R ( 1 9RO) 1'1'.R. With rP.RpAct lo lhP. lP.rlntFHl RP.sidP.nl Mr1c,dstt·r1f.P. r1r1d Mr. 1Jknn9w.=t, lP,-H-nP.d r.ni111sP.l, t.hP. p1-inciplP. of l::iw ;:ind ;.:iut·.hnrit·.iHs rAliP.<1 11non l'lrP. r.li::-1rn·ly rlir-:f·inu1dRhRhlP.. Rnlh r:FIFH·'R ci1·_f-Hl Hn<l n'!liP.c'J 11pnn r.onr.Al·nr-i<l ;:i r.h;:;iral"l of r·ri11dnr11 t.rP.Rpns:::.. Tn t·.hosA r.;:H,P.R thA r1r.r.11sAch,; h;:id ;:i dP.fP.nr:P. nf hon;:ifi<lP. r~lnim of rioh-t-. TnrlAA<'l in H~jdi J9ma r.nsP., thP. r.nsR of Makangrlro R\n Kind~i ffttd 01:hers v R. (_1. <}69 ( Hen, 239, Wrls q11otP.rl w i t-h r!pprovr11 whc-n·P. in it· wns srJid by thP. r~o11rt., t.hP. ownership of thA l;inc~. thP. cn11rt. shn11Jd not pr·or:P.P.rl with thP. r.riminr!l r.hnrgP. r!nr1 :=;ho11l1l r!nvii:;P. th@. r.nmpl.::i-innnl'. t-o being r1 civil l'ir.t·.inn to rlP.f-.ArminP. U,A q11P.:-:;f·.int1 nf nwt1P.n=d1ip". 'l'hP. rlhOVP. prinf:iplP. wrtR r1rlnp1'H1l with ::tpp1·ovrtl ·in t·J1A l<ibWRtlR MohamP.rl r..=isA. HnwP.VP.t·. ;,s T hriVP- ;::1lrP.FHly pnitif·P.r] out. ;=ill t·_hAF:P. r.ASAR r.nnr.RrnArl r.rimin.=il trRRpRRR pRr RR: thArA WRrP. nn n 11 Aµnt. inns of fr awl or Rht·AwP.d mar.hi nat inn by thP. ;,cr:11:::.P.dR 1-.o rn-Rh nwtH"l":;;h i p nf 1 hA ,1 i At.Hit- ~d I rtnd frn111 r:n111p 1-J i nrtn I . 'rhA r:n11rt- in t·.hn::tA c·;.:iRAR <1ir1 1101· cliHl'tl~C:R !hR q1JP.Rliot1 nf wl-11~lltr.-1 frA11<l if{ invnlvf-'1i. 'l'hRl. t-.hA nhovA !:>rinr.iplA iR l imit-A<l j11s1. t·o cr1RP.R nf criminr!l t·rP.i=:p.:::ii=:s whP.rA t.hP.rP. ir-: hon;:ifi<1P. c:l.=iim nf l·ight· thA following AXr.Arpt. from f-hA j1HlgAillAnt nf thA f:onrt i.tl J5_i.bwnt1.-1 <_~_i':li:;_~ mrlkP.s it. r.1 Artr . "From t·hA fRr:h~ Urnn:, r:0111<1 hA nn <lnohl· Hrnt· ;:ii· l·.h.-.:, t-. 1111111 thA appel.lr1nt P.ntArAd into thA 1.and hA honARtly hAliAvAd thr1t hA wa~ thA lrtwf11J ownAr. 'T'hArA WRR no s1 ·i_ghtP.Rt. i:::119._gARt.inn, lA.::tVP. ;,JonP. t.hat i _n A!'lb=~r-i ng th~ _land be_ had A"Y .. i "1:t.~~t_i.on P.V i r1P.nr.A .- ~hJit.soyAr to clefrr1ud t.he r.ompl ~ jnant". Ohv:i ()lll=! 1 y t.hAn~ f orP. if fr.::t11<1 or foq1Ary h,Hl hP.Ar1 ARL=1hl·i~IHHl fhP. cmll'I·. wnnlcl h:::ivP. 11s~r1 :::i ~iffRrRnt ;ipprn;,r.h r!nrl pnsRihly rAR~he<l A cliffP.rP.nt {Jn<ling. Urn CrJRP. r3f·. hr1nrl, unl.ikP. thP. rh~c:idAd C:rlRP.S n=~fP.'tlP.d t.o, Tn t.hA r.omplr!in;in-t- is Ri'.1.1·1 in 1.hR ,Jii:;p11t·_pd 1anr1 ;:nHl proppf"1·.y, r1nd not. only t·hrtt. hA c:lrti_mR thr1t t-.hnll(;ih t·hp RP.RpnndP.nl'. r:l.:::ii.111:=; pnRRfH,i=dnn on lhA hr!s·iR of rloc·11tnAnh::;, thP. lr1t·_tfH' WP.n=i fnrgF!d rlnd ' ' /;t- '/··· I l ·, . . 4 t-.hr1t t·hosP. ;:it·f~ t·hP. i:-rnb-iPrt· mrit·tP.l" of t·hP. crlmini'il c:r1Rr-> r19r1ini:d him. Th l1Al"?. ~hA RAi:;pon<lAttl· h,H~ <~nuunl I I Ad no I i'ARprlRR Hn f,,.,. h111' hP. i R ~-"'Yi t1c,1 I' h;:d ltr.:i rlP.:"(A l'V•'lrt Ln CH') in t·_n pr,~ l=lf=u::i::: inn r,f t bP. <lh::p1Jl·.P.d prnpr--t·ty ;:rn hA bought. it·. whilP. thf!! AppP.11r-itd :ii=; m;:iint-r1·ining 1-h;:it. f'.hP. fo1·nHH' usA<l fot·oP.rl rloc1111u~nl:R. 'rhis r~n:,::;f! 1- hP.n:~ f on=~ d P.RP.l"V-P. s _;) rl i f f P. rP.n t· f rw11s ;:md t rP.;:i I· 11,P.tJ I·. . 'T'hP. App~ l l ,Ht 1-. 1::; right nn 1-h·is grn1111if nf A!'f'>Ar!'I. HfYWAVP.1' thP. .. r1hciVA finrlin9 nn1'wilhRl·.::in,1itH], h.::lving r~r1n-'!ft>lly 9onP. t.hr011ah t-hA plP.;:i1~1nqR,. U1A p1·cH~fH~1l·inos sn fr1r 1·P.r1c}H-?<l. t.hA s11hmi :=::;:;ion::; of hot.h p;:irl i AR in ::;11p!10r'I' of I hP ir r:01HJ_.1At i ng propo:=;it.ionR T hrtvA fi.n1'llly ·rAr1chP.11 ;<'l r~nnc'l11~inr1 t·hFtl H-1nu9h ther.P. i.:=: .::in ;:illP.g;:it·ion (')f f1-·;rn,L whi.ch ;.1.l lA~J;'lf- ion is bP.in9 tnAg\96 .:::igrtin.lit RAspon<lFrnt., Civil · , k.. e.. .s; ~ e.. CaRP. No. ?.l\9?. whir.h hr1i:: ~lmnrd·. r:0111P. h1 ;-1h At11lAshn11·1r1 cont·.·imie. T hr1vP. rP.rir.hFH'l t·.hA nbnvP. r!onr. 1 i1r-d on 011P. 1.n UtP. fn 11 nw·i ng rA;:iRons; ~rl} Wit.hout. t>n=~j11dir.f'! t-.n thP. rl<•'H~ision nf the 1nwP.r r.onri-. whir.h mAy he ;:irrivP.d rlf': 1.::d.At· on. the plP.rtdings by t.hA r1ppAl.lr1nt·. ·in hii:. c:r1p;-11~it-y rl!:: rlP.f<•H1<lr1nt·. clr.l!Rl·ly i:thow U1r1t 1'het'A is rl r.ivil tllrlffP.l· t.o hA <li:d·.erniinen /HH1 i nvo l vi n9 ·i RSIJP.S wh i ,·:h ,~;:in' t hA rlA'l'.P.1·111·i nP.d hy r1 r.rinl'inf-ll nn111·1·. Tt·. wnnlr1 h"1 ;:i rliffl"lt·F?nf· 111;:itt·.A,. :if ;::ippAl 1 ;:inl. h;:irl r~oinpl Af.Al y iii snnt·i"!cJ ;.inv ~CJl'fH'!ment. hP.l·.wAr~n the f·wn. ;:illP.~J'inp f11'11 ft"r1111l·. Tn lhK.:r-:~RP. hnwP.vAr. rtppA l 1 Pl td· r~on (:P.fl As I h n I, f h Ar A w;:i s' r:1 n ;:i gt· e AIIIA n I: he f·.wpe n him ;=rnrl RP.i=::pon,'IAnt. hy whi r:h U1A l ;:it·.tP.t· Wi"IR t:n ptirr.h;:i:'{A honi::AR on t.wo r1clj;:ir:Anl·. plnb=;., nnA hip; ;incl anot.hAr , hAlonging to his wifP., hnt. 1'.hnt. U1P. !=;;:i_lA W::lS not r,ompl P.t.P.<1 d11A t.o U1A RP.:=:pnnrlP.nl·.' s f;:ii l 1ll'e to p;:iy in f ll 11 t hA ,~ n h 1-: n'\ r+ i:; 11111 • l F. v A n ;:i t t: h i:i n,"l n o A r n f ~ 111 ;:i It i n a_· t.his r11linc:J- tmnP.r!P.RSi'l~v A." lono. ... lP.t·. his own wor.d~ in h.is pl Ai'JO i ngi::.; ( t.hP.rP. ;n-A v;n ·i 011,=; r1m1'!nrimAnts nf thA SP!lllA) pn-d·.1Ay 1'.hP. !'lr:P.ttAt·y, "Plirri 4 is r1nm.ittP.<l t.o 1'.hA Axf·Ant of Ax:P.r:11tion nf l·hA sr.t1A :.:inn <lP.Ad nf t.rr1rn=;fAr t-.hP. nllP.(JAC'I rtnl1P.)(lt.l'l"P. "AH nf H1P. pl;:iint. 'rhA 1 .. l. nP.fP.n<lr1nt·. howP.vP.r statP.:=: thrit 1-hP. i"P.rm~ of t·hP. Rni,1 purchAl=-P. / r.1gl.. P.P.111P.nt· wrn·P. Pl;:iintiff prii~ ris follows: implt<'Hlly pr1vmP.nl 1,y i1_1:-;t_1-1ltn<•'III.R iii whi,:h lhfi (;:i\ f\hR. 24,000/= hv clrnquP. No. :l06.1q·1 of 4\J\1<l85. (h) Shi=:. 1,000/= by diP.{lllP No. 0'774R?. of 11\::J\1QR!j. (r) Shi=:. ?.S.00()/= by f'.hP.q11P. No. 07748!'1 nf 14\'.i\"1985. 'T'hP. Pl,<'dtit·iff ;:ift·.P.r 1nr1kit1r1 l·hp ;:ihnvP. n;;ivmr.:inl~ .~ +. ' lhP. Rr!'l,:;, , 1H1<l r1P.fHl • of t·.rr1nsfP.t· wr.>rP P.)(P.r11f·f-1d on 1.q·o111i:._,~ :=ind bR.I iRf I lull. lhB P 1 ;:i i n I . i f f w ;:i i::; 1· n :=: P. 1· t- l A t h ,~ h ;:i ., r1 r w P. :-: : n n n ,-. h P. ., · P. t-. n h II I. t, A f rt i 1 P.,l l:o f·inr1l isP. l·hP. pr1v111P.n-l :::; ns fnr tl1M r1c_.n.. P.P.rl pnn:h:'JRP pi ic!P nf shR. 170,000/= for plot 1.-:;q r111<l :=.hs. 1:W,000/.::= fnr !-'lot No. 141. 'T'hr➔ nefRnd;:int i.n:=.i:=.t:=. thr1t 1:hR sr1lP. wr1s for thP. twn µropP.rtiP.~ r1s pAr :=:al P. ,3grP.P.rnP.nt nnnP.'l<P.r'l hPt'P.to FlR AnnP.Y-lll'P. "A.'' ;:inrl not fen· nnP. plot. ;,iR plP.r:irlR<l by LhP. Plnint-i ff whn frti ·1P.,r AvAn l'.o pr1y pri<'.P. P.nn11gh for one of t.hP. propP.rt·_-LP.s" IU1is i.R ~1r1d. nf 'l'hP. 1,n·H·.t.ern statP.ment. of nefenre filRd by Appell;:int on 1fi\q\Q7.). Tn yAl. nnnther ( ;:imP.ndP.d) w't·i tf·.,"'.tl r-;Laf·frnie,d~ of <lP.ferir:P.. hP. is on rernrrl r:1R fn11owR. "4 . . . . . . . . No. 4 nf U,r;, i:1rtn1<.:i p 1 a in I i r~ I 1'1JP. ,H,d nr1m i h~il p,=n·t:ir1lly t.n t:hP. <;nnlP.ttli-; U1;:it·.. lhere lt;:i,1 llf"'f'HI ;:in ;::ig't"H1:i111P.nt-. f.n RP.:I 1 rer:1d1R<'J on ?.n\ 17.\1984 hei'WP.Att nu~ ( 11Pfet1rlr111I ) Fll'Hi hill! (Pln·int·iff) fot· ll!P. l.n :=;P.11 ,'HH1 him lo p111·rh~::;f1 my aforr-i 1AntnRr1 prnppr·1·y fnr '1'Flrt7.Flllirt 111onP.v sh!-i. 170.000/= (s.igt1P.rJ on ;°'_'I .1qR5) r1nrl ;:innl.ltf-H' /my wift'!'R\ Fl h1·111RP. ;ail\ in ,,-In! Nn. 141 t1A;.:lthy ni <~loRP. 1-n, fnr 'l'r.;h!'-1. 110.000/= lverlrnl'lv\. h1JI· ·it iR f;:il:,:;e rHH1 rleniFHl t·hr3f· thP. plr1inl'.iff pi1t'f'.hrlRr.>r'I 1.hP. p1·opP.rf-.y. fHHl f1n·th4'n· noi·.hing was <;nhr.1nrlP.d,r1cq11irin~, him t·hp pnsr:::.P.!'-1::-inn en- ownp1·ship ( ;:ind nr:c11pancy \ of lhA r-;;;imP. rlR hP. fr-ii l P.<l 1.n p1it·chFt~A I.hr~ sFtm~ TH~ ·i thP.r hy thP.h nor ·it, r:1 r--RaRonAhl P. t-. i IIIR ·1 ~ 1.P.t·. Of 1.11€~ l ~f3rnl-10 r.onsidP.n-ttirn1 nf t-.l1P. n(}'t'R<-HllAttf-. rH· r~ont·r;:ir:1' i ,P., 'ri:;h:=i. 300,0000/= 0~ in SRpAratR 170,nnn/= Ann 110.000/: thR plAihtiff illAtlRQAd tn p~y 1?.7,000/= ohly AR fnllnwR: ?S.000/= t.hA day WA rAr1~hAd intn .:3g1·1,H~m~mt·.} ?.4,000/= hy A r.hP.qtlR dat.ed 47.\1\1QRS, JOOO/= hy i'i r:heqtJP. dr1t.An 11\1\1Q8S ;:ind ?.S,.000/= by r1 r.heqtlA 0-3tP.<1 14\1\1'185 ;:in<l tRrnr1inP.rl ho man tn r:1 rnnt~Hr.t h11~ inRolvRnt with 171,000/= -I h (or 43.000/= nf 170.0001= ;.rn<] ·1::rn.OOO/:i ;::inil r:onU·;:ir:L hrP.r'IChP,:=; r P. s t i n g 1-. o oh I .r1 i n \ r1 <: q u i t ,-! I' h µ, !'t ;~ nu.ii 1, y r: h P. ;i 1· ,. ;rn d n:i p w 1·i ;:i f-. n r . forgRry and fraud. OnR of tt,A trick~ T ~RmP. lr1ter to discover hA 11::;P.o _ii:; whP.n hP. occn::;::;joned the typing of th.A flor:urn8nti:;\dAP.ds 1 Ari rned, t ypP.rl j n d ·i f f P.rent wnnh; cont n:i ry t.n f· hP. r1grRP.<1 lforgAry) h11t-. .::is hy f-lHrn T t·.rur,;h:i<1 him r only i=:ignArJ blindly wh·i ~h dH~~t·. ::,11<1 fonrnrv. i ~ ttow r1 I i,:;r~ovt-H'P.<1. l'n H11~ t-·µ,,1·1 1-1P.t1RA., hnw wn11ld T r.nt,RP.td· -t-o r~nttr.1odP. i:hA ;:;ot·P.P.tnP-td· ;:tttd f:r;H1F1fP.r of t·h~ property whP.n 1-.hP. p1·1r~P. ii:; not who.lly p.::drl'7 . . . . " (t·htR amP.i'HlP.d wri t·h"!n stal.P.lllf-Hll of rJP.fPnr'.e was f·i lP.cl on ?.S\1\Q/; \. T hrtvP. proclnr.Rn ,3 s11h:=;hndir1·1 p;:i, ..! of f'hP. wt·i.UP.n ~t'.-ctf.RIIIP.tlf". of c'IP.f<~nr.A of 1-hR AppP.llr1nt-. hi P.sl.::Jhl·iRh l·h.::Jr. Rllhst-.!'1nf-.·ir1lly '1-hr:i fJispnh=i ·in q11Ai::;tinn is mnrA nf r.ivil nr1l·1n·A l'h:=,n r.·1··i1ninrll. Alf-hn11ah t'l-tf.1 lr1nct1t.<H1P. in t·hr~ q11ol·P.r1 p;.u·t-s i:~ inr:rnnpr!l··ihlP. wif·.h P. 1 P. g rJ n r. y : ( 1 P.1; r1 1 on A i-. h A i n r. ·1 u s i n n o f r: n t1 t r r-t d i r i. ·i n ti s ) ;:i short.r.omi ng for wh ·i ch hP. :=;hou 1.cl hP P.Xr'.IISP.cl .:=is hP. ·i :=; l ;:,y pe.r~on, ttP.vP.rt hP. 1 P.s:=; they r:l A;=,r 1 y r-;how f-.h;=, I'. riP.f P.ndr1nt. \Appell -"lt11-. admits the P.Xist·.P.tlr.A of r1 r.ont.t·r1r.1·. .- .:1rnl i::;111·prisi119ly l'llst:l hA sAemi:: to l':lr1ttdl". l.n hrlVA R·ign,~rl t·hA rlrwii111A11f·Pi 1-'lll,➔ qArl In he fnt·qAc1 t.hn11gh hA s.::Jyi:; thr1t hA wRi=: h·ickfH1 inl:n r-,xFH':111.int~ U1em. AP. T 1:tr1io ~a-i-1 i~t·, .in my ;-mr1lyR·iR_. T hl'lvP. Lo hA ,~;:ireful leRI my ohRf'H"Vr1tioni=:: lARVA hehind SP.R<h::: of hi-'lR to t"hA low'"n· r:01n-·I· AR ii-. hr1s yAt tn <1P.1·ivf•H: juc]gRmRnt_. })11t. T shot1lrl wit.h rlll rPrh~.inty i:;1.,'tl.P l:hrit_, in C:rlF:P.i::; nf this nr1t·11re. whArP. HH'l iRstlA -i::; hi=d·wAP.h whir.h c;:;isP. shouirl bP. stnnd nvP.t' pP.nrlino. f·in.:iliF:.::Jt·inn of 1hA o1hP.r lhP.h.J,~P.n r,1·i111i11A·J nnrl r:iv·il r:.::JsP.\. An(l whArP. thP. r:rimin::d r:h;:irc_1P. r".nnr:P.rtiAtl is not-. t·h.::it- nf r:rimin;.il t·.r-P.sp?t:::;:=: whP.r,.:i hnnr1 fir1,~ r:L'3im nf 1·ight ·is plP.i'Hll'Hl h1d· rat·_hP.r 1-hP.t'P. );ll"t=:1 fnrqr-11·y\ft'm1rl ~11Aq::ilinn~ . 1-lpnt"I frnrn l·hH ::~11h1nii=:sint11~ nf t·hf-l t,~riiP.:-:. !·hf'-! r'.n-1.n·I. h.<li:; tin 11t:h,:irwr3y hu1· In lnok r1I· ' t·hP. 1,lr:ir111it1ttR . whol,-, ArHl lhP tH·ocrHHlit1gi::t ~o . Fil'<;:, f;:ir on rP.cot·cl in nn1P.r tn .=tssP.sr-: i-.hP. P.~1-,Ant: nf r.ri111in.:t'I r.iv·i1 ;=Jtif] AlP.lllP.nt·.s invnlvAd so ~H, 1-n hP. ;:ih1P. i"n dffl·.At·ndnA whir.h c:nf~P. sho11ld propP.rly pt·P.r.P.ed t·hP. othP.r nr whi:it·.hPt ,Ht A<lvisP. r.oi1ld hA g·ivf"rn 1-n thP. p.::Jrt- i P.S to ;:;h,:=,nrlon ;:iny onA of i·tH~m. 7 <h) 'l'hP. r.ivil r~rt~lll hrJs Al mr,::::t· r~n111~ l.n rtn P.11<1. 'l'hP l'r-':!r:orrl i i::t 1,nl. r':.IJ.i.91' httl it WOil ·1 d ~ PAUi I hr:., ►ll}llf-' I I Rtl f· li!'trl flltH 1 rtfi I '-. wit·_nARR t-.o cnll. l,oqic~ woo!<l t·P.qriirA l·hal LhiR 111nl.h-H· ::_hnnld r,nlllP. tr, ,-H1 And ;;n11l if 'Lhi'-'! r:Tin,inal pt.. rH:P.P.d·ings wi 11 IJtH~rid•h ;.inyl·.h-ir,et ('Ot1i l'nt y In I h<""! ,"illd<:m1At1i pF.ISRP.<l i3 pt> l i r, r1 t· ·i n t, R f or n~ v i P. w n f i r· s ow II d P. c .i s i n n i. f rPlP.v.:Jtd. nn,1 nnvP.l finclin~,s. whirh rl'irl not· µ,x·ii:;I hAfnr"-i. r:ntnM f·o t·.h,4 fnt"<.1. 'l'hP. Appr"ll;:n,t· r!/.'lt1 ~xpln'1t l·hi'd. /!!VfHlllf'l. lr:) DAh-H·tninr:1Linn of r--:ri.111inr.1l CARP. No. 1Rq\qr; is not F.I • nA!":AR!'.r.iry hy t.l1P. r·P.fP.rrAr1 l:o ;:ihovP.., P.Vi rlAlir:P. ,:tppP.11;:in-t-., sign though blindly by hP.·it1g 1-rid<Arl) ·in r.i v·i l fnt· ap;n-1'. cF.1:-:i:i?.1 \ Qfi FJR r:nrd·.r-inrJArl ( -ir1r:lurlit1!~ hiR .:=irlmissinn Nn. frnm whr1t T h,-1v"' nln~r.1oy Ri. mnsl. l:hP. l.hrif'. hA clirl ;:i 1. 1 P. g a t j on s nf fol- g e r y w l i l n~ l ;:i i·. P. 'I.ii 1· h P. r. on s P. n t. for t-. r;=nis f P.r h11t wi 11 nnl·. hP. rR l P.v ;:i r, 1. i=iS t·Ag;:i nl s whet hP.r ·1".hP.rP. w;:is A s;:t'I A r19rP.AmP.nl: hAl~wpen f-hP. t·wn rir1d 1·_hP. r:<H1sAq11P.t1r.P.s 1--hr-it'P.of. wh i rh i SHI.H-"1'- hnVl'i t·n hH ,·1 P. 1. P. r III i rt A, l h y r: i v i ·1 f'• n in- I , l~nr f-l1A r~lP..::tt· l'"F!;;t!'.()ns disr:11ssr-irl ;:illnvµ, lhP. fihding nf lhH loWP.l' r.n,11·1. ·is i.1phP.l<J thnliqh rrn <iiffi:n·P.nl. grnt1t1ds. RM Clvi 1 C:F:IRP. No. ?.1\9S l·n prnr~P.P.r1 nni-.w·if·.hshn1<lin~! thP. pPrirl·ing of ,:1·in1.1na] c~sP. Nn. 10f:iQ\Qfi, 'Nu'! ;:1pnP.r1l iR rlh"l111iic;sr.:i1] with 1''.0Rh~. A'l' DAR F:8 RAr,.n.AM lT.. R. KnlP.qey;::il 1X Of!TQRRR, 1 997 ilUJ)GF.