N

r 71 - .AT JilTIDA ORIGIF.AL ,JUJ.I:JJJ)IC·rION (DODOrll :8.:_:GI fTRY) CRE.INAL SEBSIOJ. 3 C!. 3 110 •. 127 OF _1977 Ch2.rce: I-:urcler c/s 196 of t 1'e :P--::ne. l ccc~e. J U lJ c+ l'f ~~N T 1O CHIP~•,To/; 2 J... ' -' • .t..'.I. • • The six ctecus8d p .1rsons in this c;:::JE, fJ2.l-u.n. C) Ahun,·:u s/o 0 '.br'":,J1.2~r 0..ni 9 .'.th11.rk'll"..i s/o Hi;-L1_JJ.(U 9 :i.e. ;hid@ Si3:1"b)o ij/o Llu.te, Juna 1 ,:i/o _ _1:-1 on,ri· 111 U ., l'.lJCiL'~.1 _ n_.J.11 s/o J.1. .lJ:. l\"1 n·.., C 9 --,,r,r' v,.u:.... ¥ ',J.. 7 T'rlT,r··,--,r! ,.,./o J1-t..L··1·n ~.-:..' °-'l-,,nr" w •( .. L ;n;..,-4- 1-t 7 • ·•-' -.,_, --r 11. t.A. J\,.,L ~,, ._ 1....!. ..,_-,/ , 1 J. .. charcc;ed wi·i;h tlw ,:.;_f0nco , f' ;•ur::>:r c/s 196 of' t'._:;_3 1ic112.l Code. Tho pre u-:icuti-. n nllsco,;d tb_ -;; on er :'.b .u t 2ncl Dc;;ceL.ber 9 1976, in 1 Sine ca }_t, c:jJ;119 -'cb.e r>·icl. ,-:'.,CC1).S•:~d '::h":rf3(;11S jointly o,nc~ tcy•c:j_:)Qr nurdered ,_·ne Gij ir:;ia s/ o Gi t:ii'Jc/:.a-~ L.11 th:; :J.(...cus:;,d ) ;rs,"'i12 pluc,.cled unoJG c~uil-C3/H ·Co t;l-:-,.a c]:ie.. l"[~o. ~rl1(; GVic1encG a•--lt]_uc.Jcl y tho 1Jrr'G'-.:ClhlC>E is th.:,,t c1i..lr:il1.' th·:, nit,h nicht o:; 1st to 2i1.d D0cenbc1n 9 1976 ;:::t Mpipj_ti vill"~go, Sin:-J.cla 20 district 1 a cattle kro.al b ;:;lc1,.~:j_:nt t c, th-.:: tlli:td 2,ccus -.;<l 1:;-.:::: br::·kon int, · nn:l ,sc•j 0 s;von hc::-.d c.f CE".·c • lo

u,;r:., :::;t · len -tlic.::rc-drJn. Tl1:~_-c st?)l~· nj_cl1t -;_~l1c tJ.lii--·c: c·;. :..cus,~cl· r::_-.._it.;vC1 ~tn a.l2.,rr1. ~·.,:.~.(~ ;_,;.:.:;-v·.::;1'"'a1. 1 J.::e;~;.1),·_;rs :Jf t}:L~:; \riJ_l~1,3c l'"'OSj)0T1.<" orJ. to -tli.J t1l~?.~:r;~1 :?.. ~~tl e_,(:·:t~lJ J~- ~c~ : . '; ·t:1::-s tbircl accus0cl' s hcusc~. Tl1--.::y ·i;rj_,/l ·c(' f0llcm h, of-nr,.:d:s :i: ·:r· ;::; ·.·:-~: c..➔ c1istr-:-;nc o but lC1.tcn-· .c:.br,_:ndc-,n~:c"1_ th:'.: tt'.Gk 1~s it 1r:·.s >'.t ni(lrc. ·.rh,,y spe- 1 nt Jl,- l.:.."!-,... •-n·,r·:-1+·,.,+ --~ ~-.- t J..I.,,,. 1:...- Jr:hi···rr~ "Cc,--,,rl's h- ·1c-;( -.J c..,!., IJ. U 9 ~,-? .,,_ C.,l..l-..~ i..,: .;in ·:tb•C' -V ro 0 r,} -L---,.;, -.,_ 7 Y\,'1" ~ ., .., \._;.) _,_.,:_ 1- •• 1 l., '.,F J.. .,. :J,_. - So r.1° 76 '; -~, - ·'t,-;-l'·'i' 7 ·--\J ·.•t ( ,·7 t -·1 r l , •1·i. ,·.-' \..•.- - . .·-,,-,1'r. .''.<· -;'-\1 -.~., . . . r< •• i-:) c-, -1- -:-1,-. ,., ,.,, 7 +·,, ,, Jl,·h1" ,'.Y;)' t,,.,_ •• ,v .·:.,.. . ..,,.:,. u ,.. , _.1. l,i _ , , f..,l;l; ...,c_..,.L.\.._ ,, .• J . , ; .. :l.non:,' I·- l •. 1 -:~', (' ...,,.,.,1 C'..'•~;rch 1)""1 ·:n-J-,r ,,rnr:, t'·,, ; .,,, _ _. .t:L.-.-... .J,j • .. ~.1 "·• • c'',i.:::. ;:._c_::CUfJ (7 1;').:.:rsc,nD • 30 Th~i ,:-.ieo,rch _y;arty fcll~-o;!Jrl h of-r.i?.rkc ,•.f -ch-::; c,~-::.·10 ,:.'.-, ·,,- 1:'--ndela son 10wh ro in l"J.:~ulu c1istrj_c ·; w~.-: ,j'.' -thiy lent trs.c.:; c:2

-t;'J,; h:c:Z-n:-.:rl~s. 1:, Th.c, EJ8-:-.rch )':'·rty t>i..'11 spr:.: :,C. ,·1-1_·'._; • Shcrtly p_<:-:: · r 9 th-::: ;.: .2.rch j)2.rty sn.w fru r nf the t •~ 1-:,,j_· c.::--~ttle anc~ t:1J'.'1JJ lK<'I)l:J (~f ths B.•~.r:-Jx:i.ir,; tribe. O:n s ein['. ti,.~· ,.,·-rch :c:,r:-"rt;y 9 th0 B:::.:r. 1xt:Lgs-st:J.rt.:d run:r:!nc r:,way .with tho c3.t~;le,• nn.J t1io seo.rch 1;2,rty )lunsue,.l then. Eventually· i:1.1,, 1 :J~---,_r ..,baic:s nb.:-mdoned the cs.ttle ancl c(:-ntj_nucd tr: rm1 aw,'ly •. Lt this point the se~rch ~~rty split int0 two :rouJs. One z.rcu) c<:-ntinuod to pursue ·c}1c 1J::.•'.':".lJ7.ics 9 1.rhile tho ,3ec/.:nd crrup ran aft or the c1\ttle. .'.I'h:;; lc~ttc,;r QTC;u:;_:-, net.n:icnc: tc c •J.ctrol th- ce.ttle rn1d 0 ~ renninec:_ w"i th the c~-::-.. t-' le. · 40 Lncr.,rs these -who cr,ntinuecl ·co ch~,Gc:i the 3c:-:r;,baic;s 1 1 ,➔ ~'.'0 th'.:J 1st, 2nd ~1:1c1 5th ,:-i.ccus.3d p;;rsrn9 , nnd pc :_'ibly the 4th .:.;.ccus .. c tuo. Lmc·ng thc,c_; :_, ,;rho :re., 1£.insd with th,a c~~ ftle w.-:::rc the 3rd rm('. 6·'ch 2,ccus0d p·:;rscns. '.PU.1 , PW. 3, PW. 4, r-nc7. PU. 5.• Li'.t,:;r the crc'UP tll:,-,_t l:1..:,_,:~ )l'_r:med tho Bart\,h.:3.ir;s rd.urino.dwi th o~ of the I32.1\_...,,1_\_-:;.ic;s, new C:ic)ce,,:.':·:(~. 'l'ho clec~r·,_r-, x1 h2c·( ~; ::n s:::v:::c,ly l)r;---'l,-.-;yn , v V.L..l. ._.,o 1---1,. c 1·1,r·· .~,,--;r: ,.,r;:-.c, _-1 ..... - - 0 , • ..,

7 -, ·..1.'-'=l·-.-·, ··rn-'1-'1·, .•·.J..J-._') ~J -'. J. ,;_.,i. ·'.::·,,, ,,~_.,_._.,. ,,,,·,-,cl .1,.. ....,, .. - • .... ;.:_; . 1··h,,~- 5·'·11 c.,v , ___ ''"'C1'C'.·•=:d ._ .,,,v.. ,;::>\:: 1.J is _s:d:~. tu h vu lx,:.:i,ste:d. ·ch::·,t ht,, ·:;L:_; 1st 3,:0.d 2nd 2.cct:u ,( :J. :· _ ~~,:.;e,ten 1r1 ,., ,JI.be V;_t,l:.:JCi U 1") -t-Jl.-v ~..\,,,i,; 1\.~,,_,.,.y c,.-. f-' "-'(1~. 1~1. ...... nP i':rlo T,r--:i 1- ~ -(' ;'"; ..i..J. ·•-;1.··. < +I.).,._, o.L... •.. v,.. l -Pt:,, ,,, ·•• _,_ -'u~11 J ~·,: __ oy - 1·1u - -··,c ·.'· ·_ ·, - ,. -·-l, ,.., \..,, __ ·~ 50 C, , . , ,.,.,., V V '.· ··., Ul) th ch,C8.:',f_;,::cl, lJut P\'J.1 [',,J(l ?:T.4 c1.Gsn,,c1~d tllc)J':_ ;-,~nc1 sllie:lc1G(L 0 ; tJ.:.e c"ltJcu-.so,~1~ _·sven s~-.-, -G ;,J 31"'c'.. 2~CCLi._secl r~8J.'J.. r:uf\_ tc) E:.~-Cril::~·: -·_::•_-i_\: 1 '1.. -72- '.firn cnt:i_re c;rcup ·i;h,m 1 c: <;Jn d.;:-co:·.s,:d cir vill2c;e. On th .. 1.-Tt·,Y -c.':. ,_7_rJC(Y.: (;cl c:ioc1. • Ar.:J ·i:;c who in the.t gr··:u_;) tc.-,1;: :D8.J'.'-G in ,:.sr·.aulti112: ·i;h::: t ,c .J.'L,,::d, it is n:-.!c,J1:rnary to ref or t'.'.'• ·ch.-.· v2.ric•us e.ccc.mi". ts given :Jy Pt" .:J 1 PW •.3, P\!. 4, c-md PU.

5. Ace orcl1nc: t1_) PW .1 h: h::-/. bc::):'.l in th•.J c;rcu11 th,..,.t F ·-:nt ,-,_ft-::r ---~hr; en ~~tlG. 11:- t r:l'- h O l ·; :Z ·t -';,.:; ,.- \! ·.i1<; ·;)':~· lc-ok f 0r ·\}~1.e c;1,.C:l\~: -~;:... ~-~ x1~-~(l 1 gene in pursuit of -ch,~ B2rc,,?.r. ics. H.:; ;_1-~•t th-. c;~c 0 u::_, gs i·i:; F c cr!·1.inr'.3 be.ck. Th-~i cr--uj_) wrc:.8 1, 8.dill{~ ·cho c1occ~,.r:; ~:d whc h2.r'. btJOn 10 b0£1..ton up 2.nc1. w2-s bl:;cdinc frr)n ·(;h::; h ·_•,).cl, o.nr1 his wh0le b:-:-.c1.y W:-',.s soaked with blc,cd. The: docc·::;::id. 1,w:-.:; nr.,,kec., oxcept for 2. cloth which W?.S tiGc1 Y.'(''.".11C"'. his wc-d.st qnd huld fro:·1 bl)hind by cm0 Mussa H:::,,i·:isi. .::.cc or(U.nr: to PW .1 , tho 1st :...ccus· d s 9_;-1_rmg othGrs, sc.ic,, On G.rrivo.l with the '.:..·;C;;;::·.sod o;':.; the pl-.ce 1,h•Jre the grcu) wi·;:11 the cnt·i;le we,s 1 l~C')j)le W'l..nto,l to iJrc=i,;1.t up i;h<:; c1c~cc2-.sed ac;ain, :me. the thircl accus c'J. 1s s;;,ii:1 . to :1cW9 raiser~. his stick to strike the C.P,CG?..secl but w:-:,.s -.J.,;st=.udoc.l by PW .1 • People were 20 shoutinG ;J.nu others were bon:-1ti:':JC t!Lt they h::·1..c~ 1:,00,ton up the dee e2.s ::d • 0 .iiCCClrd·inB -Go P\'l.3, h,.. : rc~1c::ij_i:.(~c:t j_n. tl1.c r-~.rl,U.~) tl1r:..-~; :1e. d. -~~10 co.t·i:;l,::: :-":.iirl wl1, ,n tlJ. 13 o"lil'l,")J:' g:cou:,) ;)rcur'.1t the due 8>-~S8d, he ::..; .w PU •. 1 , the ::'ir:::t, s0cond

:.:·.n<l l'ifth e.ccus :·d pc::,.:-scns ;:mcJ. cn.1 E1.~.ss2:. in th,..',t crc:l.1-p. PU.3 thon 2.:::,l;:r;e,_ th~ :t:'j_fth accused why the c.1r;;cG::,.:,od hc:-:.d so Dc:\ny injuries, 2.1Y1 ·'.;b.3 5th 2.ccus··;d bre.r;cincly c~:ve P;"i. 3 an G.cc ount of whc.:t hc.l.C~ k:J:i-;c:-:--f:.'.l. IL tcld PW. 3 thL t tlny h::.c1 tc use: sunG ingenuity to :.:.p:_;rchenc::. the t:.ec :x1.s0c1. 1'hG 5th accu.sod w.'.m-~ ,.:-n to toll PW .3. th.-~.-:; he shot t;he dee e::-,s ·;cl ui th an ar:r nw in tho bu·c·cocks, 30 and tho (1.0c e.:: .r.;-:Kl th,:m s-t2.rt-.-,,~_ sJ1c,,_:•i;inc E'..~'.'I','WS o.t tl1 ::: :: 9 e.t -::r~_,_ich 1 ins-tcillc €.: the 1st accused -~;·--~ce2.-c-_.nc:d to sh\.,ot ·tho c:ec;:,- ·;sec~ 1-ri. ·':h ;-, c;un. ~~h::-ruu:;_,:on tbe docc:·.,sc:,d sc,t d-;vm 9 :_:icle:::d up s.-,:·1.0 crr.-,;:G -..nc:. hold ·):18 ('.:0.:'(\8S in hiG hanc1 ,::,v,;r ::-Lis 1:le2.d. This :J,C -;, is lm 1)iil1. in the 2.rrm .J.fJ E. sif.:n of su.r. : (;l1cl8r. 1• Th(; 5th accus,::d um1.t on -;~c, -:_;:,11 PW.3 th'.J.t th reu1Kin -:;;~,e secc-,nd nccus-c>cl hit the c.c:c:..;,._,:.fJ,:/. twico en th~ h::ad with 2-. 0··;ick, i\fossc hit tllo c:ece,,..,_sod tw!hco c-,n ·':h:; !).~·hk, r::.nc1. thGn they c.?.1.1_(·.h-t hir1. AccordiD! to th:i 8 1-rrcncss, wh.::m. th:J dcco2.sec: w,:-.s !:·r:·-urb_J,.; to ·i;h(-J r,rc-u~; with ·:~h,:: cc1.t·i;le nc 0119 nm.::,;v.ltcd thd clacco,s -;( 9

.:1_,_{; -~1104e!l 1 grcu17 ·:;b.C1..t hr'..::. br:·uc:ht the c.:.c,cc2.sc::r:1. ··:t.cre Wf'.S br·:.rrinc thr.t they hc:1/. ::::.nu2;ultor]. i;]J.e c.1ecGnS od. L.ccorC::.in('. tc Eaulic.i Ir.3''.nc:o (PW4) , ·while 118 w2.s wtth ·i;he ..,-:-roup tlPt h2.d t}vJ Cj~t le he ht}2,rc1 n uhj._stlo in tho di rec ti on in which J.:h8 Dar2.;J0_i;t hltd. r:one. Then h•.-~ encl sc ···o ,:·the r ;;i ,oi)le r r.n 1'11 -'c11r--t c~ 1· -rcct.1· ,....,,, ""' • .. .., ... - .... . -r-\ ·Y' c-;. , \::fl. ..; - <1-i <::<t;::i-·1ce , . J. • •o ._ ....L .• .1. o·" ..1. 2- 4 • _ of c~ . . 1· 1P. ·l-1-1ey ..l- r, ;· ,J V- n et t:10 c;rr;up le::>.c:;,int~ tl'.1,:3 c~-308,/=:: . c1- v:hr; vr',8 rec.~ ·with blc:ocl n..r,d Wr'..,S ble.:dinr: frcin the he,-:..d. i,s -~:).~-.:: .r:r:·up a~)')ron.ched then PW.4 ho2.rd Pi·J.1 PU .1 tell ·::ho crouj} net to c c,2~.-i;ii~u0 ;:i,s -~~ 1 ti.nc the clec e::•.ood ~ and PW .4 hinr:1elf a,ssiffcccl PU .1 in r,:cotectinc. 'l;h;:1 J.ece,1.sGcl fron bzil1z:;55 assaulted further by j_;c:<'ple who uerG c. nxious to subj 3ct the (Lec~;:::.secl sed to further violence. Even sc', GGU~ people r12,11c,gec1 s-~sr.~t:.:_j_ly to ass,.:. .. lt the c1ecens3c1, cn0 ,:£ r:ruch people beinG one K~':.s.::·_:-1 :_; H::,n si who s-:;ruck the decec:\sGr~. on his :;_:ri v2.to paTts ~-)Y o. ::;, ,rt ,cf gr,:und-to-,~ir swine, of his s·(;:_ck. Vfnen ·chey jc;:,.113d the Cl'C•u:. ~ 1,:dh

t}w c2,t let n,::my peoj_::lo, c,ne of vrhcn 1-r as the t;bi:rd 2.ccuu··d., :i:'2..ir,ed th ir sticks to s :;r:L' :·.; tha decec.sou. and the third z:.ccv.s :;e"J_ c.ctually strnck1., the dece,,.se:c.l on ·l.;110 ri 1.: s. -73- PW.5 1 s version of th:) incident is tlic: t wlH;n the crcm) ,roucht UJ.o duco;_1s.Jd tc i;rh ,ru ·';:.1.0 cr(·,up with thG c2,t lo 1,r',s, ho b-~:,re,: .,1.-..,._., ·'i,·l,;.> 5-:·b !'1CC·U<'."l' d brr-.r--c·-i,,)c, -:·:'~---;-; 1'.l·"' ·1nr'' tho- S-·oond '°CC1 S'•, '1...,d 1,. _.___ J - (....., 1_. l , 0 C:.'.- '-'~. ~;._., • .!...l.1.f .. • V••-'··.. 1 V (.. .- · ,_,. C!I 1 ...... •~ -~ 7 .., ba::.~tGn up -:;:-.,,:; cl _:coc,s,;d. Lt -~:_ ,:t tL 0, PW .5 W'c'.S c,nly o.,b(1u·c 7 ·c·-:: 8 IP,ccs 2,1,my fr:·n ·";ho 5th 2,ccuo-·d. Sj10 )ec~r)le w2,nt :x1 to ~J "-· .c ·u:_, -'.J.rn doc,_:DSGd n,:):>:.in but 1 ,c.ria d,1E;u2,,7.od by PW .1. The G·i;har evio.enco 8..8 -cc uhc e,rJ:~;-,,ultc,cl ·:;:10 C.oc:~;:·,:,::;d j_s to l)o fcuncl in )Xir,.?. juc1icj_,.l :-:-:'co;;;,~t1 1..T1ts of fjvo cf tl10 £tCCHf.:; _(~ porsons.. Thcc;o r-,r3 thu •JXtJ~2, j1.1.(_lic:.L2>1 s-c.'>,t r:ents of 1st, 2nc:, 3rd, 4th 9 2nd 6th f',CCUGod :::-.:~so,.1r1. But 9 Z\S will s:1 on bo P,I)).:.ront 10 thr-,t nf t 1-:i.-:: 3rd ;1,ccusx1 <lc,-::o r~·:,·c con·t;2:,in c,ny f,0.cts c..'-s tc:- uhc ::c.OiJF.;u: - lt,~d tho docc0,sec1 anrJ. hew. It is portincnt to pcj_nt a~t here thQt

th2 Justice 0f tho I'eaco (PW6) whc ro~orded r,11 the z-~rt juc1icial ,s->ett0n0~1.-cs 1, -'c estifi oc1 1:;]~r:~-t 1J i.-}~(r\ re sJ10 roe c, }~clr;(1_ tl1,~~. se s ·T_ :;:t orl ·11 . Gs sb.:·; 1ro.s sc. ·Gis:Cied th:-+ ~ J...l.( ;J ,-,.-,ch. 0·1° Ve;,, ' . "'',c J_thP ,..,CCl1 w -,---,,-,,....,s 1 _iJ ...,, .:. ·.: -~ ! •.• • ., ,_, ... 1.::i ... ~,J.J. TTnc-, l.l'_f.,!.) •· . T'rnr: u . .:; ..... ,-,,•-t:, 11t 9 C. -::..~.V.L .:.,'.l...,J.. ,).l ':., 0 nr~1- -- .. .l !.J __,·_f r, __· thEn-1. h.1,,1. b•.>::n thrc2.ton.:d or inc1uccd -:~o JT'ltc his str:tcr-ent, 2nc: thc.t s:·,ch o:f it.':.osost,..,tr:ncnto w~·,,s volun<:ro:m:ily ,1.8,rle. I "1 hi· O ("'r+•rr, :;:..:~~ u Ct.. J l (:'I; .l C ~ ,.., 1 k1 L, ..• -!- J ~. : l.•. J...Li 9 ( 1·-") l n . . s u::.c ll J.l• C< .!....J- ...L C1., 0 1 i.J -L. ()ll .l:J "'(;,"h • Tl) J-11--, -;-:; -''-· l, .. u rt _I_ ..... '.J. ··"""'l,.. "I t. J.) 1st c,ccus,cl S,'.<ir'I th2.t the c:c;co~>.sod w:-:.s ru:ru.inc: 2,,rr,y 9 c.nd on s.einc-/.·.-· th~t it wnvld ;::,e clif:fi cult ·i~o C'.'_tch up 1ifi th him the 1st c.,ccusod. fired a sh: t, G..]Jl)2, sntly in ·t;'1.::: :::ir 1 ·t;n Cf',USO hin tc sto11. The dece:'),sed r2n n sh·:rt d.ist.:,nc d n,ncJ. t1,,_on sto~),~ed.. ~ehu d.ece2c2od t]ien s·co,rtec~ shcotin(·; o,::-:-:,:-'C·W:::J :.t :1iG ~-)Ursucr's, but l_7, t0r r211 cut of nrr()-WS o..nd his pursui:;rs 9 inclncl.inc ·::he 1st

2.ccuE:ud h:L:·B3lf, surrcunc1ec": the clece:-';,S-:'Jc1. Them i1 :_:-;,::;bid Noh;:::Jcrnd cr-m:~t.-'.~ the d.eceesed 'l'here1.1:pc11 the ~d accused strt,ch: ·:;;1.0 dece sed en t}13 ·head and l'.le ( -!-'1e 1 c•·;- acClJSed) ;ilsr U.J. ..,, c.~ 0 ,:..) hi··'·t.1 -'·:1e C \.J,:__ c'ece,,~•n·~ !. .,., • ·,··i· ~J +17 ,~·'L·-i c]r J..Lnl'.l,..' 1..:.t 1 0. 1_:,1"")t,:::l,_,,,_ ·J.c..- ,, 1:,:J '-L ..\. • • V accused cloas nc. t however~ sa7 01:1 uhat 1x:rt of the ;~,,,fy he hj_·c the deceased. After hittinr; t 1:•.e dece2, .:'•d -::1:i.s 1st accused 1-Tf;'Iri; ;:_,,,:;;_,- s2,·l; 30 0 unc1er a tree- to rest. · The ch&irman then pr,3ventecl people f:ron further asr,iaul tin(, the decec:",[.,'d. E':ro,:: there tlie uGnt to < .. re the 0 roup ui th the cG.ttle 1F • On th8 uo,y one rn~2.b2,ni Is2anr,;,11 (not c2,llec,~ :::i.,s a wi tne. ,s) r_;·~ruck ·:;;_1,9 clecec:.s,Dud. :;n -the back. '.I'he 0 first accnf:L:d and a few n·i.J:!.:~rs ·:;:1011 \;mrc 2-hc,ad t,) dr::_nk w2:c:T, a ·1~,"1 ... l~ sh·,rtl·1·r J. v r,f+r:-r -.., v'"J c..,.,., -'-lar v.! ...c_., t -:•h•~F v--··...,,. / '._·,,,11°_:=, _ _....., ~:,·,lr-;_ v,. ..... +,1.,+ 1..,.,.u 1 ......., c +v 1·1c. 1,.,,1_ 1.. :--c,·· _ ''· ·.-aJ ,,Tc_q 1~;:-k-'., '.IC.,J,..; :·,.:-1;-1, ... -:,~~+ra JU _.,_1 1··c..:a1 I .,1. . .111·co,t-' v..l,._,u -C: c,·'·::,J- Dli• .. ,,.,,_"'1~- ..,V-...,1.r. .. .....-l V (""''"'.C'('>Cl,_1 )_..,

•. 0 .,~11 • C) ';;-:c~11 ;,;·•· 1 l...).J...,r ,.. ··-··- __ the ,'3ecc,nd .c::ccus,:,d s.-:-, id ·:;:.1 ;j; ·'.;'._,ey 9 incluclint hinGol:f c~1 rJc_/'. :_;,_:; ...5L1.TC, TIJ. t 1" --ir-s c.,d b C:,:.-t.', !'.'l'"C'1, C 8,1_-r,,1J- ·'1.::,I l, U'" --j;J ,-~ le '·· '1-,- ...... ,~": -'·l")·,,·1 J.0 (,_,_ l, ,.·.;;, v,LJ.'--' J.L- 1..,,Jn ,.,Ti,.,, .. □ ~·-~r·J-od ,.8. ,::, Ge .•. l,,;:; c,l'.l . . .:..,J( ,••d .. ' ·····1·s.c·· l.i-'-~_~u J.J'...' £+@ J• nod. arrous 2,t th,oin. Tlw 1s-:; acc;.1.s }d. th,)n fir:Jd rd.s c'.)In n.n:.. ·che B':r-:-b 2 l ~·r;g \_,' J ed • str-:r rnh,-,'-' --'c'1" rcc-••:·- r,CCl :C'-:,rl ·::J.11°,·-· 111· + -r 1'18• d"c,,·.•:-7':'l: ·. 1 ·:-1-,r..-.r 0 1 1 J. C., (;., , ~ ...._,. ~ I_! V C,.,~ • :.J _ \..,;... . V ~I ..... \;ii '-' ,. , ,.J J - -•- J • •. - V ,:rj_th 11.is h -,"cf or h0 hit l:-.. :L, on tho h'.:ac:.. Then J.ashid Nohr, .--Jd hit th<J cLJc n.se0 in ·i~ha ·, .-:i,:i_::::t, 2,, c1 ho (tho 2nc1 acr.1,1_s,,d) h:U; ·:::,_u c~ocezi,scc:. -vn·c l1 a s ,cic 1 , . ..l ~ on ·;_;_;_1.0 • • " - , ::r:.o_Luu.ors, a a - .., , anu·1 ls.110.a.LLan , - 11T 1'..1.1.:,1r,. ( ·_;_,·,_::; ,, 5 ·c' l'1 4 accused) Jj.it the deceas-::cl on t> . : b2,ck 9 while t~_~,.c 3rd. nccu::_; d. hi·t tl1:_; c1ec9~-,(}(3d 11ec~r -:~J.1c nlJ_cJ__ :·· ·:::~s. i~Itor •·i:;}12. t -~~:1ay lcf·~ :~~\.-·1" -~}1r; group of pooplG who mc1 the cc:: J;tle, 2nc~ then tlrny

sta1"tcrl for ·che ir viJ_J_:.:'.Jt;O. IIo v10nt 2J'l!i.J.U. Jee c::~:r.:.cl. rlr:l_rik: vr2.-Gr:)1" l:_:p,\?iri.:,: t}1e 0<; :1~.,:~o ref.1tj_n 1 50 Lc.~;ur he Fc:i.s ·'.;old th•::-t the dococ:,306. '.i2.S d0;-1,c7.. HJ .1 tb.(?11 sont hin "ilG. rqo I';,]18;(i "'Cl to "0 ;ff!{l onp·)ort. -:-11: P1"'7-tr->r tn Ftinko i')nl ice St,.t;j_~n • ._, Lik;-~ t:;~ ·1st ~cc~;-~~d~ ti1_:~ ·2nc1 e.c·;·~-~--d ('.:i.~- ~l~~t exp~~;-ly rotract0d or reJ}v.di,':).tsd his e::;;:·'TD- jr;_c1icinl stz~ten.on t. In:;J.is ,3xtra juclicis,l s::atenant, (pr0s0cnt:ion::Jxa.A), the 3rd ac cus od said th.r:,t \l: ,:;:,1 -;:;:,c ~.lc,r::.':'..'naic,;s 9 r0,n :-:i.:way 9 ·c;:ie u sc:-,rch party incluclinc; hinsolf, rar.. af·l; · r ·fo0,~1. '::hon d'.;co:,-;,sec:l th(rn. ~1t2i, tocJ shco- tinc, ))Ch;on:JC:. Csl"r'.)WS at th,:;:' '.~hr:n J."'c;J (th,:: 3rd '.:\CCUSGd) ran rto1.ra,1,,(·~z t.1:-Ie c::1rG•~;le 1-l~.Lil·J 11:i_f) c~;lleo..(r~11as BU.rl. . C\'I. 1clod. c,:lb tiocoe,ned. 1tf·C :~J~ a {Jun sl1cYt \'TELS fj_ rec:L -s1~~e:y o..i...,r·ra0t,.::cl -~he dece~.:,:.;cd. 1 Thc11 r:~;l1oy b r()UC - .L Li G'.:· :J C,:.::cea.soc:. 1 - D.S '-1 J • l,.'.l-:-;y ".:'•lrG · 2,SSD,U,l ' . ·c:.n;~: b . 1lr::t. 11'.l J.1 - G;f " '. l l ';.l "\;_(,..,.L · ·"+u for tho villac; e, [.:;,r:c~ en the , e,y the dee 9::-i.s c:,d died. '..Cho 60 third accusec1 denied h 2 _v:Ln: ::1su2,ul i;ej tlle c1ecGarJocl? a.rnJ. C.:U~

l1ot 1181:rn ·cl10 ~:-;eople wllc 2,ssaultod hL·. -74- ~d o-;,• J.__,._L)1 3';--,-.;lly 11. c.,:., .. ·oe-,n i'n ·'t,- 1l 18 c,-~-,,'... '·'Ire,·'- .a.J.C.. •·.a..Ll.,.,., u TC,<:• c,.,u co·1,i,.r ...... t..,_ .. l- 1 i'•-,· 1...1 .!.lL_.., ,;.. .·.,,., ·~'~-'·\• ,-,·,-·. ... .J-~, l,:, ,·~ L,.l..'• '- .. .1.} I ~ _J_ ,i.,..,l., 7 but the ol 30rs s·:;nt >.in z,,nc . 2·~-·.o·c>, r p rsn11 to foll0w to::··. uho 1 0 had cone [:',,f-c;3r -~he suspecti:c.l tl:i:.;V.Jt3e .Aftor a :C·3W 1')8,CCS9 ·ch·.y saw th8 o"cn-" "T /'r0U'.' ''ri·11:·-1' nr· ·!•1, l··: ,,r,,,. ,J_\,...._ ,·,T,1~ 1 (,J \,,; J•.'I,.._ __ 1J c~ 1-)\ r. 1"J.....,.,_ ':··11 S0"v._,,_.._, • ..,,,,.- ,._; Pi•"·"ly t_) ,.,n•:,vlt,-,(.Ao. V---• 1 .1,,..r.~1,..,, C ·.,~ 0 l 7 0 <.:.1,I~, .• , ~ .. ~. Th:::: 4th _accused -ch8n yiokGC'~ tx1G clcc::,,s0d i·ri th the 0nd c,f ::'. :··;ic~;: 9 and and -i.;hcm they s·i~-:-.rted f0r ·:.;:1 dJ'.' vilJ.•?CG, J~s <;h :ry \J:Jl"c i-J:·~Lk::i.hr:; tlrny 2.sso:ul t on -~ho d-3COc,~:' ·::cl c c:ntimwd. 1Iho 4th ,:i.ccusod ;:;:;:..C. -~;ho o·'.;hers ·'.~>.en 1, rJnt e.h,."Jacl., 2.11el 2. 'Li 'yut · , 00 p .n. he ;:r;:,}'J tol(7.. -;_;:,:.:·.t ·r.hc.: 1 doco~sad ~as dead. In his cctra. judicial s-:.;o,tono~lt thG 6·::.h accuBod saic~ t \ .,_.:; he 1 O w:-in-'l,- -- T,.rith ,., -·- th" f'T""''l" . -...,. .._,, .·v-.c_l 1 "':>t )'.n-:::i•r1 )G l.1,c. e_., v, 1J1 1 ·r.

1°-l•,,r '<J·"'·':···,r _, -·--1~0 c.i.. t.J J J. C"~--:-1,.., t'·"ho e-1-"l··,rc, ., t, t.tc., I..,;~ J_ 1 .. •• .L .. .._. i:> told h:Ln ·co (!O for the J;~E'2b2,ic-;s. On his c.rrivo,l th =;re, ho fc\ net t1.:.8 dJc:n;:;Gd h -~- b·.-_.n .s.1') :-c?hcnc1.ec1 ~'.nd poc,jhle ver0 ;-1,rrnaultinc h ir1- • 1-r:, 1 ..., .l·~n· t,;;·,n -:•hrnaT,T v.,__ V\'1' c-,-:-i·c1·-}. ·'·e a •JV l,, . ., •}11'-'·· l, ·'·1'1,-, ls.\.., Q"'C':.:->C<pa __ ,,.. V<,.l,1.)...,.. or: .. .L ·'.~l1c ...• 1J·'.>clr~9 1), 11 .Ll, ·--..; l.,._ was n()t su.re en 1r.:'.a t part o/ tho c.1oce2.s~·d' f:l l)oc1y th8 Lit:i.ck l2;.11d.0cl. Then tl10y -t;,:ok ·c;he dece,,.o~x7.. ·>-:: 1.f ,. ~ro ·\h8 c2. '·-';l;_; HGrc and then ·c 1 ·ey startec1 fer t;1oj_r vi11:.'C:O. On ·i.:11tJ wny hG 2.nc.1 othsr poy;1<3 vent o..h ·ac.1 to drink i·1atr:.•r 1 ::,_nd lc.t .. r he: W'JJ -~ol<'l t">•n.'i:: ltho clec'::,;..,,Go<l u:.:-:.o clead-. E;:, ch of ~he accus,.·0. J:F:rsons c.::.--;;,::; an unswvrn statonGnt in his c":.e defence, 8-n<'. C::1ach f them c.::·J J..:; rl no ,-dtn,;t1s in his own def0:•.c e. 20 In his unsworn r,tatc:ocm t ,· tho 1st accused 2,3 c~ic1 e.11 the ot:1-:n' accusod l)'.Jrccns 1 ,r-_.::ve o.n ::.ccount oi ·chc events clescrib ,cl by -~.he prosecut:1-on uitncssos u.) to -:~1~.c i.'()i;.rt -:;hoy found ·,.;he four ~~·c:·,1011 h32,d of c.;1,ttle 2,nd. the th.re~ Ib,rc,1Jc~ics. Fr,Ji;1 th ro t!:10 1 s-c

accused :::0ruons pcTt c cr.1~XQ.1y 1;.ri "i-}1 a,c.-. :r"1.:..1·l; ci \' 0n '.!y th ) l)rcs ocu ti •:)n 1-ri -:·,;.1es13';:) s Accordj_j_.;; to the; 1st e.ccusod, he s.::,w the su.upuctocl ·chi0··1ec.: :~.::/:_ or1G C ·f ·1J_ ·l1.n··· t,_ -...,.,.~. OL• .. ,.L V\.:,~ c···or··'·i·•.,r.· c•·'··~~-•-,_,,~ :;:;,•'' .._....,.,~"Tf<'' C, J·-t.·, ci... L.1.v, ,,-'- .·.,~.-, (~V .., l.1.1.l.J.L.J.o sI O -:-'·:,:, v. •.v 1s·~l,- c~ '""CC'L1.....C'"C L.) , 1 ••· · .. ·:'i'r,s,c:_ v 1 .. ·v- ' • .,__, • ' a S.u.Olj 1:1 t,.:."18 Gtlr ·co scor> ·;,:11c f.·.C:C:JF:.80Ci.~ J • 1 " " 'T' 1 .h 11.G p(;.Cj_)..L.0 e ·.. --:.:~ ' , ,.,;- .· ., -, 1 s·· '....,.L ,.J.V 2.cct.S.Jcl surrcu:rr:. ed ·c}1e c:_l:;o:~-,c~ .c1~ On arrival o..t ·ch.0 scono ·:~>u 1 · t accusod sc':.·u the deceasec1. 7::;lcdc.U:1£; fro;·, tlu.: h,::;:,_,d, 1Jut he: ( ·:.;>,8 1st 30 s.ccuscd ) c."cj_C::. not as ault tho ,~oc-.:.:~,jd. •r1_~Jn thoy ·cc 1 ok hie b,?. l;:. On the ·:'D,y to tho vill2,go tl:.::-, ('.ec y:-.. s :;d Ci.iud. ·:ho 1st c,ccuc c:c.l dicl adr~.:i.t h:-,v5.J2' n.2,de -:;J.:.'.: ,_;:._:-'.:Yi.\ Jui:'.:i_cia1 ::;·:: -~,,:.r.:·(: --:~,i PU.6 c'.i'.'.-::. die_:'_ n c-\.. . tJ r:,-.r 1' 1noc:•r.<l·--r ... V.l'!t..J!J- J.,.,·'c·.1.··~ \., --:.~~ -' 1J1..) u "T 0 -·- .., _;. r·.,·,u-'J'···'··, '-Ll- \:.. - .• 1,._.., i·+u. r:ro,,rr~rr-r l \', ~ ~ ..., 9 1.·-'-'rv·, l.•!' ·!.·,l-,·.·'.·.', contc:Y.l'cs e;f hj_CJ

unoworn s-'uc:\-c·::n n ·c tt in clc?.r ·sh.:-,. t ho iT~l)li· '.'.ly r0tre.cts i·c. In }1j_5 Ul1SVTOrn st.::,t or:: 11 ·t; ~ ·tJ.:.o 211(~ .CtCCl1..8·:)(~ s(.1.:1_ -')J_?,. t; .~·.f·:: --~-l'l ·'./1.0 otb: r 32.rc-Jx1ic;s h"_cl run :.:. .~·•['_y 9 tl:i.o c~-..;co;:·.c:;," st2,r-c,3:;_ shc -ti::/· ,_',:.:rc•ws 0 0 n,t then .Po.o J)lo t;_10n ffl}. ::rcuDc~c-;C. tho cleco2.i:ir.c1. Then -&l:1oy -;;c,ok hir 1 to wh-'.1"(' t11:~ c,..,tt·1 ~- '·"'-"'Jn.·; • .., .v .v, .. -,_., ,,,,.,~U •:-1') '.'').l,. l-·-~·-1- ·f,~r ·i·1 , s vi'll"r·e -;,..1 .J.L,,.0 1.,.1.i.\;.. T-1Tr. (-:-11r, •' 40 .,... .._, ,.l-. \,.' --•·• .)~.·.·.,. •i!I •'- V •.,.,..,_,, ' second s.ccusGd) went P11·2,t" t(1 c1r:U.1.k ,·Tr.'..°b':;r 9 o.nc7. 1utor he u::-:_; L:~or~wcl th~t ·i·},-c, ,·:~-co,.-c•:•d - ... 1,, , .-i:> ., -'·i-c,c'l 'J ..... .., c~-J- ..,,.q \, . . . ., -1-·= 1 --, ·l-1 ·"• 'le-,-:.\J c.. 1 ;,icc,·,....,~c~ .-.. , - ''" ..:>v l ••• ·'·'~n .... .1.J 2·1r7 •.•\.-. x_ ...... ,_C'C'••,n.-,d ... .-l._,.Jv • ...... , ., c.t. ., 1..J ~ 1 1 C, a.dr.1 i ·:- .' pc, t (') h-c: V (; ·. ~" - V - ,' c.... . _,_, (-' tl - 1 --? _. ...... •• ,,.· :;-, ., ··1,ir~ . . . ... c..,. ._, v .. ,... - •--~ - i'- C-; r>l . ..... ., ~ -j- ~ --=-n~,. 11 t ? "nr'' ..l ,1 ~ C" _ _ ""- '.() •..!..V r-, .(,_ -,r,--... I:· ("< ·'· O . L , 'J '---- ~ - J•.• J r_., . ~ rcGsly rctrc.\c·i; :..·r r:pu(b.2~tc :i. ·i_;.

Ecnrnvo:i'.' 9 it i1:; c1,,2.r fron. hi;J 1 1J.. i"J.S1-ro1~11 }1·ti2~t~fr:1er1 ·~ _,_ch2:C 11.R ir1_:1li ~c~ly ra·C1·\:-'..CJCf:3 1 i·~,. In his unmrcrn stc.t-:x13n:c ~ ·ch8 3 rc1 acm.1.s·:·d saii:'1. ti: t ,."..ft12r they had loco.tc~c-, -:~he f:~ur stc,lon ho-:.··:'.. ,)f c2.t · 10 211.c\ tht:: three JJ;:-,~ri:tba.iess h.J r.::.n af-'c-.:-r cho ca'0tl2 wi·ch ·. 2·:. :r peo)le. ~Clwy v2,itcc'!. ,-rho~'.'e ··:he cattle 'il'e}~9 9 ,._'lnrl lp+nr -'c1, t-· ,r-";~.~l1i) ·t::-: -:-: cl1'-"l R/:lf~ -q1_r., T',:,rr1l1:-:i 1· ,r·s C:-ii'1'.:, :.t.,:., ·'-- ,. .. _, ...,-• -... •.. . ···•-.• '-' l...v...., ..._,.._,_ •• \,/ .'.)1..,.. . ., . . . . ., LJ ··-· ._ T-Ti·\·h th,-:, d°C'·' C'<·t'1. ,..,,,,• +1,.1,:.-.r. \·_. ,1 , ... _ _ v JL c.J..l .•,., ..,~, ._, .j 'iciI"'·'·L, ·Pr,~ -h], --v 1;;) .... ... L11.•·: _i'r vri.ll~"e •..L-...... a.. ,... :..t.,;, · ,7·i·'- 11 __ ·•J... \IJ.t.\: ·'·'~e L,.u. 50 .J... • .;.. ,~~ dee ;.,<')•::-,: O.L-1 ·'·;··•n V ...t.,.., ,'r~c•·,.-c-•.:c J.1·-:, ·"i'.-:,,'! H:. c'el"J. "v ' f..1t h'·'V1·11.··• ,_.,·,c,nl ... .., 1_ l.1.-,,c1 ,r,~Tl' 1 0 ._..r, •. _..._. • ,, .... V ,,...,.,,._y •--V .._.,._,1.:,· :. '-:. ,..,\."" r .L_\.., <.-.. ;,, ,.:.1.::>1..J lJV _ ,c. ... ..1. the dece2.r_;.3cl. He cJ19, r:~ec1 -;;::,J_•:c -;_;l1::;re H8.!.:., aeru·\ :c te·i;wecm hir.1 z,.ncl ?co..jr-;,bu Ki·i:ii!(U P\L5, bu·i; he (ic.~ JY·t cL.11.inrc·o·ce. In '11'

\. • O\·.7·,'rn 1- 1::> '"1)1"' d c•-'·c,-;-,:,,·•r.,,· '-' V<..:-., .J-.....LL.·--~ -:· C' v 9 -'-11·.o 1 ., •• 4-·-UI11. ace;us -:(l 'J · in the erc,uJ tl1:-.t 1:: :-. _ :~·~: r ··:· r ·-:..r : ur, ·u ,. - ~ - ·-:- r · , · ---. :i~.: ;:;;... c'"<r ~ ·(: ' ::0.J.. J. . . ·ft ·i;· j_~t :.~' ']_ j_l ........ . -- ... / -75- 111ho 4th nccv. sod ;c,_cJ.nittod h~~vin.c rr.c1.o tho 8X-~re. juclici2,l s·c-t~1n:::nt, J.t ho 0::;q;,rossly tctrr-:-.c-~8d i·i;. Ho s2.id th::-..t hu tcld tl, o justice of th,a :;_)'.)".cu th t :rn ~1:-·.d :;_,ok::;d th~ clec•:,'.'."•.s ·,cl with . .,_ s-c:Lck only bec:-,1.,15 j tho P''lic.:: tortv. ::·/L hif;l9 but 11-. did ::.1\."'t 2,•,y i:n ~'T:lC:.t n,.,_nnor t]1c ~.,clico tr:rtur:J,_::, h.i. n. He w2.s, hon'.;VE;r, onph0t:i..c ·':h::·:G h0 no'+r~r tcuchod tho cloce:1.si.:£'.. In his unsworn rd;~t::;--,_r:n·i; 9 th-- 5th n.ccus ::d nlso denj_ ,:;;~. '1:v:;_11[.'. ass:iult:-:Jc1~ ·Gl1c C.·JCG '.8.Jcl. I{G t3P.. :i_cl tl).-'.,·G 11:; 1nnn ~ft::r .()11(;: c:t ·c:.-.:....1 ~]r:·.J~ iJ igs, but tl-:i.r1.t he {S.8.VO U~) ch· 88 ,:;:· that Do.rabc>,iG wh,m ho h0,.rc:. ~'. c;un shot to hj__s rir'l1.t. HG ·t:1011 mmt in :thc.t diroc•:~i0n ,::-,r::.cl s,•.w a 1 © crcu]> of pcc:~;lG ?..SS'.'Ull tine: t].J.~i c1.0cc,::,,sed 9 but ho dj_ d n,.-t n::-x'G t~'.1.en. He went on to sr,y that fror:;, ·chcrc they went to tho erc'u:;_J wl1ich h2.d the CD.. t·:;lc: ~J.,.c7_

then thGy J..r lt f',•,r t>.ci r vallo.ge. On the v!r,._.y tho dec02BGcl O..i..-:,d. H: chn.rg:ed -t1.'.l:=:. t P1·; •. 3 j oininc the vill2.ge b :·c~use he wv,s an 1..mdc:::-~ir~'.ble cl;,c-.ract·.r. Ile aJ..sc chr,.rczcl th.-·~t Hl.5 ~ro.s lyint.; bec2.uso in 1976 thc::y hc~c~ q11.:c~rrlec1 ov,,r f.l. cr-.lf. J:1ina1ly h:..;; chnrced t uc· :~:::14-- .• l, PT•JI" • 4 TT c:• "l'"'0 I' 2.o C, .:, 1-·~r-- y lliu ··,--.c· . '-:, •.. .l,.. ,~... ,., .,l,.1~., y ~,.::,, r". , q,.,...,,~..,.,e1·,:,c' ..,,,.,·; 'J 1..,c.,.,..,.. ,·. l u . . <.., c1·,,.~- "V·r..., ::...,,~.. rett e li?ht2r. In his unsworn st~-,-(:;.::,nor/c th;,; 6th c.ccused cleni(,;cl h vii:i.•'.:: assaulted thG dec;Jo..::-wd.. He s, :,iO. ·!,;hc:.,,t h:; H,:-,r:; in the £:,r ·u) th::. t r::-•.11 :::.fter ·'.;he 20 0 cattle, ,:rn.l l,.,,_t· r th8 c_;rc-up th2.t rr;'..n c.. fter the Dar;:.<..bc:.ie,s 1r .U{;ht tho deceased. On ·tho ·!J~.y hc.rL th() cl:)cec;.sed 0.iGcL .. ~:ho 6th ,.:.ccFs cl ;,:cJ.dec1 J.. 2.t he r'.lc\dG t:ho extra juccicJ:-:-,1 sk:,t0:ci:-11t :Joc,-~uss :)t.:,l:ico t.:r·c1:.red nin by :fc rein:. hin tc h le~ J.1:.;c:,vy st.:,nos in his hC'.nds 2..n·;_ ·;,;;_')_ ·.t ·i,hey tl~ld hir, to tell the justic::) -~ :: t)10 )'.Jc..~.ce: th;::.t he th:;:-,ew 2; sttclt 2.t the ckce. sed 9 2.mL ··:>an. ·ch ::y 1·12ulc:. rol- :2,so hLJ. J\t this pDint let ne nc1·1 cc li ...,_ck n:-1d deal 1-1j__th ·i;he

·v'i-~•Jnco rccmrdinc t},. ,~ nature of inju.J:>t')s c1occ2.1r,;d sus·co.ined :tnC. t~i:; c. :t.:se of his cl0c.1.th. Th0 cJ.oc-t;or uh·~ .~.con.:'..11..ct•:.c.L the 1JL~stucrter.1 e:xc.::~j_:J; .-c:·.cn . -:so on tho b~1d.y of tho cloc;:Jascd t·-1.111d twc 1£"·. c2r:-:i.t:·,d sc2-lr. 1.!,.'u11c1o en tl.1:'e 1 frcr~.-cal r•J(,icin ·with obvi,.:'l.HJ frzcturas of ·0he slrn.l. He :,,.lu0 1-:,...::/ced that -~11,,,rc 1-re.G nntcncrten blr-.; (inc_: fron both tho nose c.::.,< 0~rs, an<l th,:3r,:.J Fero s:;voral contusinn.s en t~1:! sc2.lffi ::".l1(J_ -')1c 1 :-:dy. 111 ; skull had two fr,::•.ctur,:n of th:., frr-::.,.-:;2..l 1),.)r:i.8 with ~Jr::i.in l:,.corc,tic-n :·.::.::. c. l c.".. .. o'-- _,:,,,·, 1,...0o,rit:t.fbn"ctl :· r, --:- .,n:7 'rh . .r.,., 1 ('·.1·~-1~ ·l-:(:,-.-1~, l··.r~". . 1 l·J \,,·,11_,.,-, i··'"' J V . . . . . . . . .• ,_.,vc:• ,..,l Oc:, ('.- fr·~ V c~ C tn:rr.,, v. .. , • ..L 7 ii11'1e dcctor ., ... on cn;~.t the c::-'.11..SO nf (,,,,-:;h of tho c.r~c:J 8'J: W'.;J c.:irchrn.l 1 h8.en0r;··h8.CG r-md shock fol10wL1- tho fr2.c·cr1..-··0 o:i: -the s1.cu11. ~V""G r J. , 0 V ,...,,;-,· ·1·n,rr· □y ., 1.,_:,, U'J QI.A.!.. tc ~~;lP .;,i,,n"'p v ...-.t. ,,,_ .J.:. J.) ,ruc,n+le·1·i•"'rl l._.,..V \...--' ,_,c,c•,~r·,,·crJnS 9 ·.: • ,,..., r,-..:>0-),.,)~,).,_. V ,,• .._, - .\,,.; first cen tlrn~r111 8..S 088 ( r f•,nnc1 ('<.S P. f ?.Ct th?.t all ·:;he six 2-,CC1'.S8d

40 1 ersons 2.ssg1...1..l tod tho deco?.s ;t 9 but j_n his cpinc·n they c'.id r.ot :· into::1.d to kj_ll hin. Ho wc11t nn t'.·· hold th.~t since tho c~,;ce::.scd behn- ved: in o. viclent r,1..'.:'..nner :---.n:..~ b8c2.v.se th9 ;c,,ccused p::rsc:ns e:.:e 00 2-11.:..oyed ns c. inesul t of tho th8f--i:; nf t;~,.~j_r property r:'..nd ·chi3 lone jcurney, all the accused l')8J:':J-.:l"..8 W":.re only t,7.:i.ilty of 2.sr:,~ult. The second 6 ent1.'Jr.1en ,2813•:Snc)r ::.lsn f.·,und ::--.s t', fo..c·,_; ··11::-..t c.11 the accused peBsons ,?.ssv.ultocl tho c~_,3cec1sed. Ho P..c~c:,.ec1, hn-revor 9 thr-•.t thG c~eccarrnd cliec1 thr'."nch h:Ls · own f2.uJ..t in that· he used 2.ri"'ows in an at~;enpt to kill his pu1·suor.s, o.nd t'·,at the owners of tht7 property were entitled to be an:1.oyec1. The second r.;entlencn 50 assessor. then found 2.11 tl1e acc:us-:d J:ierso:rn cu.lty of n:~1sii,~.uchtor. The t· j __ rd gentleEen P.sse:-::.,3,,r 2,greed with the reasonj_nr.:, <. ::: the sec:"md centlenen assessor 2,n~ found a.11 the c·«ccus;~cl pc:rGC\ :,;-.:; ::::;:.:il ty of nansla:1chtE:;r. li.s conceded by the dofoncq, t;1r.:te co..n ''le 110 tloubt th~·.t : -. L:2.ll by tht:3 112;::--.8 cf Gijucia Gitihc.c~a is r:m.,~c.1.. 9 ~.:,nd t1.).,:.t he,; di.ed a vh10i1·c c1e8th Th~J •:.uuGtion to b8 r')solvcd.. 9 -~hr:,r;i:fcre 9 is wJ. .ethor it if., c·. ,:-, c,ccused 0 p':5rs 1ns or 8.ny o f

thr,n who l::i.lJ..sd. the d0cec1sed, and if cu 9 uh.3--~her the l{illing in the ciro11ust2.:.Jc 0s 2..nom1.tr:,d to uurder 9 :: 1.2,.nsL:-.:gc_:ht(.Jr any 0th€; r off or,ce 9 or no cf i\1i 1.c o o.t :::,.11. 60 In dccidin::: these . ·;:i;:;t ..:.rs it is nec(;ssa.ry to r'::'· 1J·,J..v::; ·che quor:~tion iib. c:-tb -,r th::; o.ccus .c: ~-'·· r::~ ns or any of -;_;}1,3r.1 ai:1sc.o.ltecl the decogsed. -76- So 2.11.sFer th:->;i.; qu.eoticn I ,·RF./c c ,.1sid Gr the crodibili ty of -'~h.:: prc)socu-cic,n •;ritn :S"os, tho ,.,::·i:rc" juc1icinl st:,.,·i.;Gr::cnts 0f ·chc ftvc e,ccused ;_,orsons !J.S i:-;ell :-,.s 1;l:..:::Lr un;:;1-H'rn st"J~rn:Y:nts. To st~'.rt 'i'Tith, I 1.-1ill ;:-;:.r:1::.:-ass ny n:':(id to tho e:vi:lonce o PW .1 PW. 3, PW .4, o.ncl P1'lo 5 ~ Th<:) J.oo..rncd r1c:f·:m~ o c'._~u.nsol sv.h.11.i ttod that those witnos-::es oucht n;t to bo boli,:vod been.us 0 n·:.no of thrm gave ony fj_rst 2.id tc tho 0.cco",s:;c'.~ :',nc~ that thoy h8.cl. rosolv0cl to saJ tlr. t no p2,rticul2.r ~'):'):cson >-::<'::; ·Gh:: d3ceF1S";d is iridicntive -~ of t...YJ.o f::);ct tJ1~.t ·c},cse \'1iti1[:;s cs ·C,.. ');r l~};~rJc in QSSt""':.t1l·ti11r_~ ..Clio dec0:,#s:. .~c1 2,nd co w,.-,rc nccor::1plicos. I ccsnnct, 1::--:i.th res:;_y;c-c, nee oi:t t'..1.e succ;e- stl J . en -'-}1"~- 1.,...,,, U. <.. . . G -,_.~ t 1 tr.o]r .._. :~ ·)·-rt l: '-·· 1··n ,.._,-,,··-::,•v.l~Gl _.,,. ,..·,;·.J:

..:c.,,.. l"r' 0 J.l_J t .J..J.v 1~" r,rcr-v-,-,c·,d v. _} JLi.O· .... 9 or +},---'- u ......... V -···he U 10 feti.lu.rc by those four wi tn".3ss ':8 to r~nu.or fir.st aicl discrcc1i ts th,2;ir testiE.ony. The: re is :-,bunc1;.>:.r1·c evi'.1. ~J/1c C} to thr:; ;::ffoc·c 'l:ilr, t PW .1 2.nd PW .4 were scne of thG few ·.:~o :ile who tried. to cl esue,de o :.h-·,rs frr:n fu.rth •ar ..., ncaulti· n,.-: ,,,... o•.1c <.. ... b ·'·h-·· L 1...., dee,., .., ...., ..,.1:.,·.· cc•.-,c·1-• .. PW. 4' s credibility also c2z.1e und.er n.tt·,ck by Hr. T-1bez i. It was su.b:L1itt2a. tb:'. ·i; fron th0 cvic'l EJJJ.C e of Pvl. 1 und P\[. 5' ,211C:. frGn PW.4 1 s own ,,vic.1ence, PW .4 nust h:-,,V8 p.':',rticip;\tGd in 2s .. c.r'.l·i.;:L.1:1:.: the decec3ed. Ag~in, with r·~GJ~c~, I cannot r.ccapt th2t. I ~eli- eve PW. 4 uh<::n:1 he i3::'.ys tl~2,t hs u;:::cd his bcw to tru.C.,_3e tho d(:;c :::.-•,f.i:.:::~cfn That is nc,<:; ·Ghe sc.r.H:! thine r:.G ~-,f.:u:;c:;ul·c. Ht;.vir1c: :'30-Jll ;"?tl1C111~:.~2. . rcl -~~~_\·;sr . . 11it113c;;ses ns °Gl1()Jr {;·-,V'j :_:"t·.ri(_::;:·.c:)f _ an.cl c2,refully cons :Lt.::::·,:.,:,~ ·:;~.1~-=; 2, us3.ti ms of the 5th :,.ccuS';U ✓ ii1C: ncainst PW. 3, PU. 4, cmd PW. 5, I ,".L! sc,tisfi dl, r,s · 1·0 tllE. c,Jn:i;l0n0n assrrnsors 9 ~;he,t t;_102e witi:..r:,Es :s ·w. :.'.'c, tru~hful a,nc: ·ch:•:c ·i;l:L.y ·.: .;~:o in no 1-72,y naliGne.J.ti.t ncc..ins·:~ C'JJ.Y

(,f ;)HJ 2.CCUSC'~ j_)rc1sons. Th0 next Cj_U.-:sti. 011 1 th•, r:::f<,r•,, is who·chsr ;ih-1.t they ·;;-:~•l<.~ ·i;he court is c-~ true ace ount cf v}J.2, t :;.~,ch one of then :s:,,u 2.ncl h·.:,.-,r() r,-t; the scone. J~ftcr c:~rcfu1ly c r'\;_.,_ sir' ::rinc the 0,cc0u1-:rcs c.;i v0n :)y these witn,,::;sos r'.n•:1. thG e,ccounts cL1:.n by son8 c,f tho ::-,cCU":{'Jd )•:r.:s.~ns in · -;j., ~1· r' ox·tr~ ..,\;.,. J ,_.I,, J'·,·:c~- 1· c1· (., "". l C,l.c. c,····,-.,t v·,pn··, . c• c·T'~ 11 .·• ,.• Jl-..J .J.J. 1· c11.. '"'CC,...,, nt s1 ,"'s·'·,,:n+1· ,_,.. \,.ii,..,,. 0 ~ 1 Uc.,J. 1 <.U1 V ," -, lv . , •• J Jl,.'.e~-llv30 v ,.TJ··•v-1.L1 ·i·½r, v-1 ~ .,.._J.,.J r:vi·"c"r.,·nc0 -.. ~ • ....,,;. 'oJ J of.;-,,,;.::, .;.L_-..;.., •-ri·t-,,i,c::--•.,rc• • v1.1 .l ...... ,u .... ....,.:.> I:-,··, fully ,._,_.,v ~.4li. e:;:-,~-i·~•-::'J' o._ -·· (.~_ .•.· I.I- •. :·· 1; .,l ·'::1c•so• V- .,11 9 witnor,ses tolcl t].10 cou:r;-t subst2ntir:-,lly ,rhnt they sm·1 2,:.1d h -:,,rc7. o.t the scene. I, th,·:rz,:t:-.re, find ,-,.3 ~. f:-',ct th2-t PW.1 h:!.'.',rd thr~ 1s-c c·,ccusod sny tJ.1,-:'..t they bo.~~t ,1p tho rlccoc",w.:1c1~ that tl.1:::1 cr,;for.rnLm b;y the 5th·, accused to P'J.3 w~.s in f.-1,ct :,n,cle by the 5th accused; ,th.'"\.t P'.·! .5 e).so he:•,rd the 5th .:::.ccusGd's c·,n:t:,)Sf:li'm; ::inc: t:,,'t PU.1 nnd PW.4 sc-.w the 3rd accused try to strr::G the d1;CG?.S(;cl. How, who

of ·:;h ze 2.ccu.s cl ::c::-s0r~:, did in f;1,ct c.ss2,v_l t the 0 , <'ec,.,,-s·ecl? r;,i,,~~G ,,..l, 1 .., ..,.J.C"'l ,..,u.:.·-·- ",,,., -~n"'"·.,-,c,rd en 1·1"' ,-,,,,si·c., of ·the 40 P1:,: 3; J?';J:·4·: J_ ;'.~t· 0 ~;id~n;;. of .LP1i .1 ' VP:vr:·s ~- the .'co~£;s~i0i1; of th; accuse? }.JEJl"SmES. H::::vinc 2.cc eptad ·'J1c~ £01..1.r wi tn8sscs 2,s t:r:,:·•.;.' :ft:i_i,. 8.nc: th."'.t they correc-i;J.y descri b0d w;h::,,t -t.J:113y s:::.w ::111\"l. heo.rd, l ;,J.us t new c·.:m.sider the ccnfessions ::)f ·i:he 1st 2nd., 4th, 5thf und. 6th c.ccust➔ d · pi:;rsons. B-3fore I consdier tl1<)se c()11fessioi~.s, I v1ill tuI'n r1y ::~.:·J::i.c~ tc the law 2,s to the vo,luu 0f 1.:1 cci1f c:sE::icm as 2, b::,sis cf r a c.::. v iction. It is st2,tu·cory law th=-.·:; :::, conviction c2n bo founded on. ·c:10 b· ,.':3is of a c onf essicn. However 9 .:.r.:: o, n:;~··· er c)f cor:z:ton sense and g.uc1ici2,l pruclence, before a c0nvi~-'~i0i: 1~2.1?-_ b(,;: ~~.d. ,.111. 2, -aonfcssi on. al~,ns, so a cc,u.rt r.mnt be fully sn·cisficc. ·,;.:.•p,t 1 \; is ·Grue. It rm8\;, ·:.;11· r :;fc-re cons.icler the circunst2.nces in -:rhich -i;lle conf.3ss:;.on w:-i,s i£,'/~o, po,rticul,::;,ry w11.0r.3 it hc.s b =.:n c~::.-tl'...,r repuc°'..i8.tcd c1r totr:-.c·;_;:,r: as is the c:.oe wsro in tb.e ,?~.rc.s ,:,f ·cb.8 cc-urt of A,VlY0al f ,_1 r ..J,,.. ·;; .:~frica in Tv:war:ci vcrsu.s Ugau1a (1967) DL. 84,

at p2,G.:3 88. • • • • n ·er al CC)urt cl1(.'u.J.t acce11t any confGssion w:1ich h,:.s 11 bean rctr~·c·i:;od II or re~mdi:d;(xl or beth retr:..,_ctGc~ e..nd repu.di.:: ·;;ec:'. with co.:ution, 2,nd r:ust be::fcre :fr,u_r:.cU.n,··· r-i, convictim.:i. on S'L:.Ch a co:;.1.fossion bo fully sr;,tj_sfiGd in all ·c½.0 cj_rc:'nstcmces cf tho case tht:>:c -;;be 60 confession is true. The: ~.:~_,·-.r_; ,Jt.:-,nC:,rcl i[: r:::cluirec1 in :,,11 c··•.:-,;,.:s ~'.nc1 usu2.lly o, court will ,:-,nly o,c·c u1::,.m the confossicn if ccrr;J1Jor.:::tcc1 in smn nat '.•ricl ;~)2,rtli:culc:.r by incloj_)enc1 ent evicl ence accej_)t,zc: ,Jy the C O[!ll' t ·• · B u t c orrobor.J:ci on is not nsc csG,··.ry in lau nd the cm~rt nn3, ;:,,ct on a ;1,lonc; if it is fully :::;::-,·cisfL,d nfter c,nsidorincn,all COi1f e.~3sicn the na terinl points ::-,nc~ f3UITOUi'}':L-ic_ circur!s-~2-.;:c es tb--..t t':-.e c0_1_ecsion ,; ,., ·· ·'.tbut be true, 11 Nr:wi tr tl12 vc-.fossi 112. 'I'L~o! C'':"fc1ssi ·-n ~i the 1,3t t~cc1..1.s c~ is very cl0'."',r. H..::; doscrib00 tl1r; evcn-0fj in gi•,;'-~·i:; clut,\il .111( :~ :.;:, ,-:f tha events he 0.e:-.;c:i:·ib20 w ::,j:,·; tc tL i ,(} t:. by the pr:--- :.rncu tj_c:n -wj_ ·c:.1.. s 0s. It is in eviclanco th:.t -:;:~0 '1r;t 2,ccusucl ,:,"t iwl-Lth th,3 er.X'!.l! ·J1c,t. ·•)1LlI~""ur.>c" J.: 0 .:~,..,(> n"."-r··~b,...,ir;n -.I. \.:.!-v '-~-t_,0$ .J-JI...., --nc7

·'.·:1•,.,-1- 11· l-,- . . . ..JJ.._,,Lt - ...... TT•-·s v,... 1·r1 ·1·1·1···'t,· t,.,--1.v ') ·,-1.,~-:: }q~ u.r·]'1t th r;y,•"' 1.. 1 .t•. • -.;J. .A.._.,v ,J..t.. ~,-~- the dccc~-,:.,;cl 'iJh': by <;h-:;n h::d ";·:; .n b;':,c:ly ;_:~.3Gat,1_l'todi nnd t:1i; '\TOunds 10 :-.,~;p0ared t, l2.;:,-rr..1 be:. ,n iI1fb. c·;;0~~- b~• :·l~:i.clrn 2, f .. _ct u::-dc~1 J:;hc 1 s·i; acus0d ex~J_J-··r<'s··l,, - --~• ,..,,,,,1t-',·.r1<=< ,..1.-~.l- ),1 t.J _L._ 1· ·1 l11·c• ,,.,.--•--,,.,, J.; .... c·-;;;--:,1 O 1 ,... ,.v1,,...., .L ,....•.. ,...+, ,,·nJL_ o U V.;... l,.t..._.•, 0 IJ(-,U ,., ·.,. ~c··rcT1 . tl1c~ ·._t('..3r1e:c:, :_~f ~P\-l a6; :: r..11 J.0f·i: in nc· clc c~t 2.l:L -~}1;:·~ tihi:s c.-·11f0ss:Lon vr~.d v 1 -:ll1.nt .::,r~_1y : 1 z--.C:.c .: ·;_y :::>ur d2,ys D.IC-;r -~ho incic1 en-c,, On ~ full e;, n:.:; ic~ :r:--.tj_ ;:1 1 ' f ths c ircu; 1s -~~c:.nc u, c.,1c~ c ~·nsid,:rii"V:, th"".t -~:he: c,'nf ::-,sGi •.·:..-:i c-f tho r, ·:c· nd ,:,,ccus c1 18nds cr,-,denc,::J tc, 1 S"~ o,ccus0d' s c,·,:c-.r; ·i,· i1, I ,?..n :i:ully: ::.. ; _ _;:..iod tl19,t -thE, 1 1st :::tcc11sec1 1 s ccnfesci ·n t,s -~~r1.l(Jr. Lil;::,·: th,! ;:-; tc:':c e:c12n -:~ r. f ·i;>_ ·: 1 · Qcc·l the c0nf essj_ ·:•n of ·che seC''nd 2.ccuseQ is (c-i;r-,,Lu::rJ. 9 :i..n :i:'.':'.L: ·; n. -j_"; c,;;·c::-:.iL.,c'.. tb.211 -t:.1c:li ·:2 ths ?O 1st ['1.,CC!us~c1 . . ~n fr\c-c I ~·.t1.l(~ t:·r·. f3(\

fr:.:1'"t .-::,.s -G-:--- :J:~y i;f.u·). t l~~ ~· ::.C.c it 1 1vitl1 n JG~"O.Ch o:~ j_)ric: o ~ l ..~::---~h.1 tl10 c; ;-j_(l a11cc cf PVJ6, I c.r1 so.·i~:;_si·::_ eel tr~~~··: this co· .. fessir:•::1. 1.F.8 v,·lun··~2.:c:i.1y ;--'."",-~c. I'he ,,vj_c"c Gnc c C'f :VU. 3 :'.Jl.'..1. th .. 1st accu_s c1' s c~nfe:,sion :1 ··n( c:~of1-mco tr:- the Dec·nc7. accused's C('•nfes'::L--:r,. := rtr:, -chr~:;'cf:.-~ ,.3, L1ll·r sr-,tisfiocJ. -:.:::1~,t the sec('ncl 2-ccuoe- d Is cC'nfessic•n L·:! t~'.'UJ._. The (1;:t:r~~ . ::: c,·_-._c:n-:~ 1 f tho 4th a ·cvscc1 nr:-,y or r.1cs.p: n-:-.t be tru"-'• It J.i.., J.~ ., cl:,.~::- -,i1 ·f_l'J •3vi:2'-'n-1c::i Hh··ther the 4th accus·.d rene.inec1- in ·t:1-'.~ tr·-1.\;:-, 1·:d_ th -:;> ~J c.-:: :, ~lo er 112,s in thci er ·u:;_J -:_;hat pursu- ed the c.:ecc~s:~r~, Anc:'. ;,vo11 .; · I u--,---,, t·, ~cc..,.-': 4th <.---cc1.:""G 11 1 r, ,...t,,ry 30 -:J .. ., • .. • # t.J •• • •·--- _. , ,,..;._ .- •• • ,., .,, .. , U .1._ 0 "-"- ,.. ,J ' th~-~t ~)CltGcl th:: d· ;C•.~·['.S3c: ·\ri':_;h ·::: -_:1.:7. f ?, stJ_c -:, i:n view nI ··he 0 1 fact th2.t lv c~i'.l n·7 'J],~: ·;:':::-;:; T ",_;·_, :inrl:i_nncl_ ,;0 .---,cr(ie with Nr. T,'Ibez1· J. -1-l_, Li _-::_•,·t,'· 11-i r,::> i1·1i·,-,·'i _ ''-" ,,; __ l"'.1 ··,·i---:_,.1. ......... .. l, 1,-,r'> ,·'-;·'· -~ ~\ .._, ,., I.. vl..... r,"' ..., '11 _J. ··1,·,,~,.., .. , J ... J. "-' -:-h,.,,11 IJJ

\,. -:-v• ·,· -:-r,, u ·,.,::, 1.L·11··.1·1 t,... .. 1..- ... 1 - cm - in the CJc":.:- ·o .r 12.:1'l,":I· -;_;:::i:-:.-c Pi.·[ of clicl. •:eh-',t bein,: s:, i I ·-,::1 ::,_ t ")ersu<'>r~ l c,.,,. ... _ ,c~ ·!-l,c:1• 1- UJ.r..C,l, !,. r.<11c 1I.t ~ ")'\'"•''. .l ' .. .L ;('.:,,.,..,Jt,.ir•,'V\ ·-· -~..t: I..:) ..... .. --· .,,..-,,..,cl1-,,7 -:-1"E' r-.l7 ·. ·l.)'l)''f''°' _ ..,\:, ,,f ··,-,r•c;ci .._1_., -'- - J;1)G.tinn J..'. - .J_ \,.,, ., , ... 1,4 IJ - , .J so as ·cc: inf Gr coo;·· r:,n ~-n·>,n·;;j_ n ·:in his : ·2,r·c, The c ,nf::ssion cf ·i.;;:,.: 5·i;b , cc1.:,s,1c1 w,::·;s detE'.ilecl, effu0iv::1, an{, t1ac.1e ui th n.·:r,2, th:,.n .::-, c ll'."h . :£' b:~·_..,_;3-i;fr'..l:n(.H:::S. H0 g1~;-,~_)hicnlly , . l , 't,C o.escrJ.J8C.L !- - .- J:1/n 5 J...'l, .. J0 ·1,.ro,y ·:;)J.;y , .. , , .. , " l ,1 Ci.,·,::'.'W.. : 'G.l:l.G ~-··.:CC:..•,88C..? 1GW ·,;_:.e ,. 0 t} dc;ce;.,,sucl :::xlv.uo·c6c: h::_2 ::,~-':~,_·'inJ .:··.:< 13.,,t c'_r,un :tn surrenc.:dr~ __-.,n:-'~ l1..·-w Tue (-the 5th 2,cc sx1) 2.nc ·:·;r:a s C;'lJ;_· ?,ccus·-c: c,ss2.,ul·c0c~ tlH;; ,.~:,;c·.:.:,·.._,:";c.1. Th:.n th.) n-J is trv., evi( ene of Jn. 5 Hhich c . rr ·;-icr.::t,3s t':i,,:~ -:~. J?U" 3 1 on ·chis ~? int c It h·,_,3 b,..:<!'.l subr·i·i~-::oc~ by hr, rfoezi tbr,t in view 0f -~7,_c, :i.n cDr·· ect L•.ct t~1::c -th1; 5th :".cC.l!scd ,shnt the c1.oce:•.seei. w:Lth ail arrow thrd; ,suct;C?.r•~;s

tl1.).t ·:;'_~_r. 5-;;11. :·cc11r"·'Jcl 1 s cc1nf13ssicn t.- PU .5 is n,.'t tnueo I on 11c··G p ::rr,u,·.-·~0c~ -:;h ·t .-:h£'."G inc 1·r cct f~,c·c 'c'.lC'}.,r.; Ser io 1"'l,- -·- 1 nff···c·'·-, O- ,; c.,. l. .. 'J.,1·-- ,_,, t.,,_. ~- 1 ,,..,.0, ] _ ·'·ru·'-' ,~ s·il),.. .-.... nJ...-' t, . .£'1.,l11oc·<=< _ vllJ. ,_ ,.;,., 1."·"" .J. ·'-'l-1n L,... ,_; -· _1_ .:.,. -- ,J. • ;· O t,,. ; C••···~·,..,·si"'·1 ,, __ Th::'.·;:; C".'lUl~7. hr·,.vG b -~u1 c., r:.n:r. ·; 0~:;_:,:'";c·.)r::-:i;::. 0n by tb.e 5th c~cc1.'1:r:cl :,:;_, a r·~- stc'.lrnn b0li·.Jf by hir-: -~hr:·:~: ':}::r; 2-r--·.-·w he G~l~"c at tnt' clecc::-.f:;·.~c1 L-,nu.ed hcr!e, -L~l2.,:-.t is_..... r'- tl11.~1 ·b~;..-~;~~-~cJ.;-:r.; n~(' tJ1..e (:oc:Ja~erl .. On :-:1. ful1 ::':lld c"'-::c .,ful C'Y: Gi('.•..;r?·:~j_-n of tb:.1 5th accus(3c1. 1 s cnJ'.l.fes- 1 sj_on , tJ-,.<:,r2fo:r,3i I :>:.1 fuJ.ly m'-·L~i;-::fi8d tb··.t th, CC'J·f essicm u2,s vclun-tariJ.y Tlc"'.:.~0 ::'.DC~ j_c -t,---u.:;, Th,si c .. nLrnsic,n of th,:? 6•;;h ;:•.ccu:J ·:d is likewise 2, (:escription of events th· t le(1. t ·-- ~;hG ."',IT --r:rc of' t]:'.J decea~~ed. He c2.teccrico.lly <:ys -1-1'1<:+ S ,... l, ... _._._.u ..·1"' t f'ounr' --'-., - reo·--- 7 e h,-,- li.L.-..!.(_;, l 1'••.V'"' J...l, - 1:' ,, "' C , .. o- c., 1....lv v... J.v J_J, _ "'nrl<J.. he, C'('.>a".t.9 (,.., i,J\..,._,., J • • ' " ~: v r, ·r,self' hl -· 1,:.+ vv gr, 0 ....

<..i. c,-;--; '.· -'··,·, 1 v 0 .. 1·'.-. ..LV -- 1·· c', .. ,, ........u,.,..........,,u___ ~,- •._,11.,1..i...l.,..1 • .i.. u ... ,-,1- 1 - J• -... 11 1111-'· 110 J·s 1 v JJ. ..., __ •. , n~1J1,_ .,_ c•ure o _...,....., ..... , .... L .. 1.1., .. 1 on wh2.·c. )[~rt Df the 0·c1y it: -:.::.·~".od~ Hut Tiho,t is c,--nfusinr: here is 60 that PW. 1 is pGsi ti ve th i lr:Jft -~he 6th ?;ccus ec1. with tli.e croot that rerninec: w.:i. -:'.:.1 Uw c:~t-v J_,J .---..n:: Jvh ·<; Fhen they retunned ·with the deceased the 6th acct1.s,Jcl w:.:~:J ...:·dll in the g;roui, ti.iat rer.12.inec":. ·with -78- A,..t. . " with the cat·cle. In all the circunstances, therefore, I ~ l of the r view th.--,t the 6th c.l'i::EU.sed' s confession nay or nay •not be true. I lvwe further co,rofully c0nsiclore(l the accused persc:ns' unsworn sk:,-'c :,ru:=:nts. :8D.cl1 r:f thEJri. ·cried ·,,;c, nake this cc·urt bolieve that hE~ waf:; an innoc~nt witne~Js ·L;~; -che brutal assault of ·:;~:1 :: decee.sed. On the evidence b't°'.)T8T.1G, I n:r. left in no c.oubt t:12,t ench of th:;so unswcrn sto.t,:n--mts ,rs not truthful 2.s fe,r as ·che inci-- dent of the e:,ss ult c1n the c1cc:c..scc7. ls cc-' ~ .. ':',·.~J.. I an se,tis:fied tba t each of tho:c1 r:Jaid. and he2.rrl f[?.r nore than twhat hG s2id. I the ref ore reject the unsworn s·~·a toD.en ts 2.s unrc2.sonable and ric1icuJ.ous atter:11'.lts to hicle the

truth. 10 I w:j_ 11 now turn to the question of confessions of sor..1.-:; of the accussdd persons which ir.\:7lj_cc,te co-accus>i,;d P"1rsons. The 1st accused's confession iuplicates th0 2nd 2,rnl 5th accused p8rsons ~ th::>.t cf the 2nd accuse;d inplicates the 1 s.t 2J.-i0. 5·ch accus::;d p-=3::s0:1s; an( ·\;ha ·c of the 5th ;::;,ccus· d p:implicates ·the 2nd. accused. Th·8 law is th;;:,.t confescions uhich inplicats co-ae.cused cannot, stcm,].ing alone 9 forr;1 a bas1~ for a convic·c ion. 3·, •.ch G. confesGion can only be used tc lend asourance to other evj..d. ence age.inst the co-a,ccus'::'d, evicle:r1c e which only falls sho~tby a very nar:-:ow Dargin of the sta,::,ds.rd of prIDof necessary for 20 a conviction. In this C8.Se ·ch ·~re is al::::•,3_v-;_y s-:;ron{S evidence t;1:':c ·[;hri 1st 2nd 9 f,IJ,cl 5th accused p~n·sons took )2.rt in assaultinr: the dec:e_.::;-3d The oo'l'if6r:J:Jitns of th ,Jse accus· d )orsons wh:i..ch inplic2;ce tb:??ir cc-adcused lend 2.a2:uranc e to the r:-)vidcnc c against ·ch()j::. I will nr:w turn t0 the Gvio.e:1c e ae;2jnst the 3rd accused. The 3rd accuoed n:Jvcr COirE er:m eo. to b:,ve as saul-t;.-3d ·elm o.ecec.sed. However, fron thG evidence r:f PW. 1 r.-,,nd P'.J .4 it is cle2,r th8.. t the 3rd accused ei-th3r a·:: '.;en:;::1-:::2d to aosaul t or 2.ctu.ally assaulted ~O the d,~ceas8c1. Lendin~~ cred8i1C8 to t:;;_i;:3 0vj_{',enco is the

confe3si on of the 2nd accused. · On the evidence thore.cc,J:e s I ar.1. fully sa-tisfiGd t."1.at at sone stage of the incic.ent •:;he 3rd accus&d sJ.so assaul tecl the dee eased with a s -:;ick. On the f;Vidence n.s a whcle, ther•:::fcre 9 I 2.r:-i. rm,tis:fied. beyond reason:;,.1::le dcu bt tr..,.::,t 2.i·,.ongc:, ·che 11eo1)le whc assault~Jc. the d,:,ceased vEre ·i:;he 1st, 2nd 9 )J~r~,, a:1d 5th accused p r·sons. The next q_u,?-s•~ion is: who mf ·these D..ccused ~JGrsons deliV,3i" red the f2~·cal blow? On the ~wj.r.~ once i·c is not JJOsEi1Jle tn f;;r,,y exq.- ctly which nf th2n tleliv:J:;'Gd -:~:1e fD:cc.l blow. Fh2. t j_s clear ic 40 that ·che d.eceo.sed died fre:r.:. ·l/i8 cu:r..1ul::~tive cf?ect of the assault on hin. Tho learned s·:~at{3 At·cor::.ciy su1)i:1itt~~d ·i~h.:i,t the nccu,s<:.d persons hz'..c1 a cor,;-wn in-centi c-.:n, 2-,nd ·che c1:efence h2,s argued -~~o ·cl1e contrary. Bu·c before I d.02,l vd. ·ch -L::is inpnrton t and conplex quos·:;j_on, ltJ-c no deal \J5_•;;h sc::::8 o·:~her n2,-tt rs r2,isocl by the defence. Th.:; de~·:8nco has invited ·~hs c,·urt to lYld that the ·accu.scc:. ;;inrsons 1ir ..ffo pr0vok .·id. l'if c,w j_)rovcc8.tic,n is 8. statutory defence. '.'hen p:-cnvoca·':j_on is r0.iscc1 go a. defence tc a cl-1.arce ()f murder, it nust be shc•wn -:~hc,t t]:.o prn,_roc2.tion r~ct wa,s s, wron..:;ful 50 act or an insult 9 i;l:1.at tho pc·voc2.ti

vo act lias of such n (;r:..,.vity c.,s would dopri VG' o, re:;::,sc;.1.:-1, 1) lr} ;·~2.n of his pc•,;,-.-)r of s:)lf control; tha:h the killinG or tho o.sca1.'!.lt ue,8 clone in tho he2.t of p2,-:sic11 2nd that the T'.G~ns of retalm.ation adopted w2,s proportiorn_:i,te to the degreG of provocation corr1itt~d. ; 0 -79- In the instant c,:-'.se, it is true tl::c. t i;h.F.: dscoGserl wc:.s reasonably beliGved tc h,..:v8 :T>-:·len cr1ttle, 011d it is 2,ls c true that he shot<t:r.rowo at his pu:ts1.h;rs. Bu•:_; o,f ,.)r tlv.t ho ;.:,; -t c:c,·wr .·ncl signifigd his surrene: er. '1'he o..s::m.ul t on l1ir1 cid 11"."'t st2rt Wtintil they had cau{~ht h:Ln. · C2.n it, in t;::.,:--::33 circunstances, be 00.,id that thE~ accusGd pe:cscns w,;rtci }_)rovokf~d c-.;;,nC. that th(~y used re·i;,,.- lia·:~ory J:J.Jasures which w,sre :)i~::--:_;ortiorn:i.te to the decr,:;e of 1riw:c ~ver i;-rroncful act tho decoc~o=..,c1 c :-:1t·.1ittad? I clo not think SD. If tlwre w2.s al1Y wro:nL,ful .:~ct c:·:c ,"".11, i-c; did n~•t just;j_fy uuch brutal cts;Jault on the c~ec GE.sad wh,, 1:1:·,s by then 1·:'.1!_2.,rr:ed o.nc'. 11.2.cl 10 sur,:endered'. I an satisf5_.Jcl ·c'1 t ·/.1:;;ro u:.:;,s no 1:5rovocs.tion a:nd the.t those of the r::,c cused :_) r::J osn who asfc:ault03d ·0110 c1(:;c ··,[~::.;eel did. S•"'i 1.·11 cl ·1·-,,-,~.1·.1.. er r,•.L"' :r ,..,,'1~ed ct..,t.;J.•..,:~t..J!_"l '-- -- .1.C.k_

ar·,·-~.-:,c,c-•<"'1· r:r1 \. 1 -' J.C~~ ~nc" ,c.1, _,_ r1•;->ti·Py t',,~ir ·'l,-◊ (_; ::.....c. ··- ,.__v_,.. brutal instincts. C01..:J..d they, i1ossibly h:--;ve 2,cted in self-clefance? I'J:.1,:,,-c too caru.-iot 1J3. Th2-y asse,ultecl th:J deccasod. 1:Jh<::n h-J wns U11£,r;·13( ,, and h;_:i,ci. GUJ'.'I' .:m.:" erccl, ind;,;ed, af·:~ar th0y h,J,cl D-pprehonc10d hin.. I now revort to the quc:~ ··t:1::..1 of co;::·wn int~11"cic11. ;\.r.i I told the gentlenen r'.Snosscr s, cor::· ·.on intrmtion is saic~ to '37-is-~ -lhcn -;:wo or n.or0 P':'l"'GOnc o,er:.:c -;~,) ;;rcs·Jcu-:;:_3 o..n unlawful pur~_)·,rL 20 in cC'njunc:tion w:i. th one 2-noth ·r 9 2,110. in th~ 1::irc::rncutL·n of :::i1.1.ch unlnvful pu:qxs,-) 2.n<.: offence ir: er: ·. i tted which uEJ.1:-:1 s. 11rn>::.~:,lo CC-il sequ'"mce of tl.1.P,t unl£.i;-1ful purr,z-·ce. But to conotituto such ,~, corm.on i1yl;-'.n·i; io:i-_: it is nnt w:::,c 2sc;2,_ry th-t th r-e sl1oul0. hgVG be';n any concm:>tcd a creenent behrn n th·: a,:.r:us~,c.1 prior to t~rn att.:-.ck on the vie ti:·,. 1.rh-3i r conr .on :i_:i:--;1:Sl::~;i-~:n r·•w:y bo inferred fror-. th 3ir1 pro ,::;nee, their 2.ctir:11:::1 :.:11t the o; ~i.r:,si:::;n of 2,ny 0:Z ·i;hcn to disc:cci ate hins,,lf fron ·i,h-:; 0..t·G;-i,ck oi1 -:;hr., vic·:;ir:,~ c1.n( it is : ot n3coss2,ry ths, t ;:;2,ch of the;; nccus·..::d \:new <;}_1:· -c his :=-.cts wo1..·.lc1 probo..bly cause

30 crievous hs,ri~:. If the cur-w.1-:,, ·:ji vo ~;fJ···ct of tha beating carried out by tho diffcr,:mt ;_:-,c.cm::ed ws.s m..1.ch 2.s wo1:.ld :_)robably rcsul t in C.. 3: th or r;rievous h;:,,r--1_ :·-nc~ 8.11 th·::i a.r:c1.J_s·:d had 2.ssocia· · tr;;d th-~:ff.l.G<::lvcs vri. th the nssault 1 7 ch accUS(;d is r0:Jl_1onoible 1.). fr•r all the c'..cts of th::; oth·:,rs (0110 j_n the fur-cl1erc:-~nce of ·:;:.:-:;ir con on l)Urpose r·;; was so h-,,ld in th_j c:,.so o:f i 12.bulay011ka Kirya 2.:,.10. (;·~-~).Gr versus Ro1_mblic ( 1 0 Ei:.Cil 51 ) in 1,f.(1.:i.ch tl1c f.:-:cts are c\L:h st .·,11 1 all fcu.rs wi·i;h the pr=a~,:-:,n-~ c;:-,:-~e. In -;.-;J.:1<'.:st 02.80 tho i:'2,cts ,;r;;;:;_•e ths,t th0 doc·:;":-,Sed, e. SU.SJ-::dt1:::c.l thi.Jf, wo,s discov,Jrecl si tti:i.1C 40 near -~he t:i_oor of a hut at ni:ht. Ln 2-J.arr: ,·.'RS SCl.J.:i.-1,:ec::. E-.,nd sov ..:rcJ. p,;:irsons caD:c, rusbinc to the 1 0-c the unfor-Gr!_llf:i.te clece,•s,,::c~ 1Tith fir:d;s, f.,,~t 2~rF:-. su.ch w,.;ai)Onr:., sr L:;.-ir.1 2.·i; once :proco ded to ::ioL·.:X•l1.r th1.~y COlJ.lcl L·.y th,::::_r hc~11ds on. T].1. rnsul ts i'i8.8 da2.th frci.'J. nult::.[}le injuries~ Tho 2.ccuG'.:id wor(?; cc.mdctcd of r.rurcler ::\ild tl1•3~Lr ,\Pl) ;;:,,ls WGre (:_ isniss eel. As I hc:~ve S8.ic1, tl":..o fG,c-';s L1 th;j::~ ce.se ,:!.I'CJ 2,ibnost 011 rJ..1 fours wi·:;h --:;~1,:: f:- cJ,:s :i.n ·'his c:::,fJ(;. i:1.ll

the 1:1,cc ..ls:Jd vrho ;;ock ~?:~,rt in th, vici:.l.::s b :2,tint; of th·:: rl_ :;ce;. ,,~ ',c~ -ch~, vicious b .:td::i.!.'l[. o:c <:~_11:; 1 dGC82.Secl Giji[;ie. Gih.ac.18. "i'!:L·~;h i'G[1 ·i, 1-rible COI'.S·J11.:0ncrJfj it ]. f; l'{J2,50 sonable to h ·lcl;;1 r.ruc·i~ b~J ta!.~•:n tc' '.J~vG had 1 ::.owlcd.co ·'l,-i}""JG - Lv ; . ._;·v'"'11c• ~,... __ t5J. 'J •_i .. .... .. '- a t 1::, 'J'.l;::lrrn ~ t<;.4., ..L'.1. '~.~: .' _.·,L \_, r.r,·1no,·•u--·1cnn l .•G-::1,'_.._·i-., ~-.r;·/.·,, .., "V;,,.,,,,,.,)l'"> \ ~,...,, ,_., _, ,..,J. 1:>Vti '-'l- v..:.> • . It w.=,.2 subni t t.Jc1 by Hr. IIbo-,.i -;;l-J.=::L; thEC} ha:::,iv.rn.inc; sliru.ldl be takon to lr.va b · .:n t:.1rr.::n c1i :·:;:,_,r:.m:1; 2-.nrl 0.iffcinct occur nces j so tJ:1:-,t tJ-jOEJ~, Fho ni::ht lYtV"J 8.BCJC::t,ult-od ·J:rn c~.-·:ce.?,:·=ed .·::1,s he 1-r:'.S hc-,vin(~ l,3d ·i;o -chi::: grc.u.p 1 r~ ~ch tho c2.ttl8 or ,!1.,_u11 they j oin-Jcl. ·ch:. ·:; e;roup can not be ;::;;-0.ic".. -to h.-v() '.:u--,cl c ~,,T· ('i.' intcn:t;ir:n ui th·J.1.r:isG whr1 2,c ·aul tGcl -l-h 0 rl::CC'"".C'·~u.' :,t ·':•J.11 ..,.- J..1•,·10, V \j ~\: '- , , _ 1 ; 1., l, ( l f l.1-'r, 1·,. l -~ u. 1:ri·-:-h '" .t. brrr"n:::iJ- U(... l, .- rcnpoct ...... _, -•~i.J ' 0 -,· (..,..i_ ~.,::,-'- 'J}..) •J I c1o net acrac frNi the :,v:k1 enc a it i G c~ononstrably cl,2e,r th2:c tho whole t 1:1inc 1·rc.,.8 2, sincle trc:,n,s,:.c·'.:i on._

In any case, ::,,,s i:--r,v1 held. by ·:.:>f~ ccu rt of A]?-· cal :.:or :;,:·.: ·'.; ·:rn Lfr ic2. in Rex versus 60 0kute 2..ntl ;',.n,--;th •Jr ( 8 EACA 78 ) 8,t pc-i,c,::.: 80: i, wh'Jre snveral p .. rsc::1.s -;;,y: :.··_:her b~a-t 2.notL,0r, then,. th OlV,):1 t o,.:.ch nay h2.v::: a c1if·: · r --~r:.·i; rs. r:1O11s and 'i;;_,,.:uch s n0 nay .: ., t~,.. • j ~ ' •,1 f t ••-, - 1, •• •-- I-. ,-,►- ·m1s