19910617 TZHC Tabora

..,. 57 IN TEE HIGH COURr OF TANZANIA

AT TABORA

ECONOMIC CRIMES JURISDICTION ( Tabo:ra Registry) ECONOMIC CRIMES CASE NO. ·22 OF 1987 The Republic Versus 1o ALBERT Kn, UMBI 2. STI.A.13ANI SELEMA.NI JUDGMENT 10 CHIPllrr'A, J • The· two accused pe~sons in this case, namely, Albert Kirumbi a:nd. Shabani 'Sulema.ni Milindi, stand jointly charged with the offence of occasioning.loss to a s~cified . . ~ . authority contrary to sections 56 and 59 and paragraph 11 (I) 9f thel'T._irst Schooule -to the Economic and Organized Crime Control Act, 1984. The ·Republic has alleged that the two accused _persons on ,or abo.u't 81;h of June, 1984, being employee:;- of Tanzania· Railway Corporation as Station Master ang. Locomotive Dl'iver rospect:irvely2 by reason: of their joint negligence or failure in discharging· their duties in a reasonable manner to wit, they failed to issue not8 · · proper locomotive warning onler and to /;:.1 · train signals for stopping o:c 20 reducing . speed of looomoti ve indicated by train guard, caused two trains with engine . Nos. 8831 and G8Z6 to collide in an accident that caused pecurJ.ary loss to the corporation The accused persons denied the charg-e .. The prosecution's evidence, from a total of seven witnesse, is to the following effecta at the material time, the first accused was an assistant statiam master at Nyahua Railway Station while th0 second accused was a locomotive drivor stationed at Tabora. On

8th June, 1984, a passe11t,"'Or train with engine No. 13826 was travelling to Tabora from Dodoma. Its ~nl was one Abd.ulrahamaai-Ally (P. w.1) and tho locomotive driver was one Tadeus David (P.. Wo5). The locomotive or engine; of that train failed at KM. 749/8 between MalOilt,O-WO and Hyahua Railway Statio~, 30 and so the train suddenly stopped~ The crow of the train, that is, P.W.1 and P.w.5 had no option but to seek assistance from Tabora., usirig a portable telephone. P.W.1 rang Tabora Control Office and spokB to tho Controilor,.~ne Marko a. Mgeloka (P.w. . · his · 2) • P. W.1 told ?. W• 2 that{·· ·,train had failed at KM. 749/8 ,between Malongwe . and 1Jyahua Railway Stations and rc~stod that another engine bo sent to pull them. P. W.1 further to)..d.. .r. U. 2 tha.t · tho failed train had not been protected by detonators, as is usually dono. It was then at 1.00 a,m. on 9th June, 1984 • . ' . According to the proseclb.tion witnossos, dtµing that period there were no detonators in thc whole country~ •', , f . contacted · On receipt .of tho information P.W. 2 1.-:?,-;-· . tho _;.,;_ ·.. ·. · - · ,.. · · ,.::.... -/4~• of the ·" failed train a1:1d told him to find an o_yi..gine to go to KM •.:749/8 so as to pull the failed train. Thereafter, accortling to P.W.2 1 ho contacted the Nyahua station Master, that is, the ii1'st accused, by telephone and told him that a passenger

train had. failed at :KN. 749/8 between Malo~1t,<YWe-and Nyahua~ ar.d. that it was not protected-by dotonator~o An C:lngine No. 88) 1 was secured and was allowed to go to the socono.. P. We 2 then rang Mya.hua again and instructed the first accused to inform :Malor..gwe Station Master about th0 failure of tho passenger train, and that the first accused should wait for tho light e:ngine which was being dri von 10 by ·'the second accused. When tho light engine reached Goweko 1 Po W. 2. :rang tas first accused for the third time. He reminded tho fi:mt accused that the passenger train wa,s not protocted by detonators and that the first accused should issue a warning ~:ro.rr to the driver of tho light engine, who was the 2nd aco'tJ.sea, to take to the si ~-~• Meanwhile P. W.1 and P. W. 5 wai tod at tho si to., Just before 4.00 aomo they- saw the lights of yhe light engino from a lo:ng clistan6o as the st:cotch there is vory straight. So P.W.1 and P.w.5 moved forwaro up to KM. 750/0 J?oWo·1 then held .,_ .. .. ·, infront of him a red lamp on the right side of tho d:ri wr of the light engine as a warning signal to the driver to alert him that ho w:i,s approaching tho 20 passenger· train. After about 15 mimtos, the light engine cam0 near themo P .. Wo 1 noticed that the light engine was tn formard and not reverse goa:r and that it was coming wry' fast. Dospi te · the red lamp

wa:i."l.u.ng, the ·light engine. c.ro·\"B past ·i:11cm very fast. They shouted at the driver to s~op but tho ongh10 moved on and went a:r..d collided with the 011..gino of tho passenger t::cai"n., As a :ro,:ul t, d both engines were damag_i_and 011c of tho waggons of tho pass011..,~or train was derailed. Several passer,gers, including tl10 dr.'Lvo:e of tho light engine:~ that is, the soco:nd: accused, were injured.. That was at 4,.00 a.m,. P.W.1 and P.W.5 then went to tho scone., Tho;}r fo·und tho s0cond accLsed. 30 ii1Sido his er,.gino. Ro was sevorcly injw:-odo Whon F;, W. ·1 asked him if Lo had ,0 . . .~eon the 'rod lamp, the second accu.sod_ said t.hat ho had noto When P. w.. ·: asked him if ho had beer.. given a warning 01.uer a.~, Hyab.ua, tho second accused said that he was not given one. Thereafter· Pe W.. 1 telephoned P. W. 2 aril. informed him about tho accident. P.W.2 in turn t?lophoncd Nya}i.ua ancl asked hi.mat what time engine No.; 8831 had arrived at ·Nyahua, when it left, and if its driver was given a warning order0 _Tho f'irst accused told PoWo2tha.t tho light engine had arrivodat'Nyahua at 3.3. a.m., that it left Nyahua at 3.32 a,.m.,, and that to had issued a ·;~-arnil'.lg order to the driver who had duly sig.a.ed it.· When P.. W.2 asked tho ac01:sed to 40 read to him tho contents. of _tho 1-tarning ortlor, tho first accused' road out tho following words:- .

r --59 - "Ta.fadhali simama. :KM. 749/S.C~ a.birla kuwa.lota. Nya,hua. Station"• This surprisod P.W.2boca.uso the aliogod wnrning ol'dor did not montion that tho p~esor.gor train WctS not protected with detonators. ;lit the mor..1ing, sonior officials ~f the Tanzania Railway Cor~ration ·toft Tabora for tho scono. They sto}.)pocDJya.hua. Thoy inoh'.£l.od tho District Traffic. !{~10o0r 0110 J. Fo lifbarila.lti. (P.w.7) and a locomotive ~nspcator, om Ma.s-uii Ktcyo~'O (P.W.3). A( 1Tyti-bt1a t'.aoy examined tho books of tho first accused On c~ining tho books a.t li:"yahu,q., P. w. 7 obsorvocl thut tho first accused 1d bad given to tho second o.cc'usod d. "lino cUoar'' arJi a lml"l'ti.ng order l-Jhich wo:ro both dofoctivo. Tho "l~no clear" was do:f'aotivo in that it,~% ind.ice.to that tb.Q-.drivor\-1aa to go to c:1, f:lyction a.l~d rct·u:rn, them m1s no ·number. of a warning o:rd.or, and thcLC 1~as no roforonoo to a mcmo:roz:dum rocoi vod by_ tho first accused £:ram if1ho guard of tho trfl,in wbi ch had failed. Tbc warning oiuor , was defocti vo in tho.t it was ~1o_t signed by tho socorrl oocusod. Bo sides tho wal'!'.ing ozdor dicl not show th,;;,.,_,t tI10 passo:ngor train was not protected by . detonators. . Khan tho first accused uo..s csk.od a.bout those dof9cts in tho two documents by f.W.7, tho first o.ccusod simply said that ho forgot. l'.w.3 and_l'.w.7 then proccod;:,.d .to

tho scone. On arri.w.l o..t tb.o s00110 of tho o..ccidcr.t, P.vr.3 oxr,mincd a clmrt log. en rcacli~'l.S it, ho ob~ervcd tha.t tJ.t tho time of tho im:p2..ct, tho soconci accuaod •·· WclS driv:i.n;~ c.t 56 K.p.h.On ox~-nining tho light 011.gine, P.if.J discovorc:d that 11 its "vigillo.:r.co" or doad nmn' s ;pccldlo" uas defccti vo.• · ,. ·After· t~c ;~cond o.ccusod hc..d rccovorccl fror!1 .tho injuri/go ·e·usto.inocl as a. :. result. of tho acci~ont, F.w.3 :1.slccd him n.bo'ut the accident. Tho second o.ccuaod· told P,w.3 that ho luis not givon c wcrni:ng ardor at Nynhua. ·The ~cousod per.sons woro than charged with thio offo:r.co. In his dofcnco 011 oath, tho· first ac,quscd said tiia:t ·at tho matorio.l time 30 ho was assi.ntant sta.ti~n master 2.t !!yahua a,r,.d on tho materiel day ho wo.s on duty there. · By tho timo of . the accident he had .scrvod a.s assistant station mnstor for about fivo months. · Dutj.11g the r.ight' of 8th ·to 9t~fo~,. 1981; tho first a..ccusod said, ho . rcooivod a. roporl by tolopho:nc, £ .._. P.w. 2 who told hio t!iat D, passcng-or . . at' KM. 749/0 bctwoon Malongwc and Nya~u.1.f tha;t it had peon train hod fo.ilocl protected l)y detonators; that wl3:01i. tho driver of tho roli~f or;gino o.rrivod nt N;vab.U9-; tho firsJ acollJ3cd should inform tho drivor accordingly; l ," . i - 60 n,nd that P~W•2 hc.d. r<;coivod tl:o ;i.'Cpol"t from tho &,'Lt-::.~

of tho pa.sscngcr troir, ub.o b.cd unod a po:rta.blc tcl9 1twno. Th..1.t uas a.t 1.15 o..n~ The li&ht o~,;,f,r-JO o.ITi vocl c.t jfyn.b:1.tc. at 3.30 a.o. driven by thei scco..,.w,..,__ _ __ nccusod. Tho: firot accused thm: told tho second. b.ccusod "il'Orbe..lly that tho second o.ccusocl s!1oulcl proc;:;od to Im. 749/fJ C1.nd return C..!.J.C1 that tho passongor train hru:1. boon :pro:toc.tod by clcto;:o.tors. The first cccusod wont on to sa.y tlk1.t th.o:rocftor ho wrote o. wa1"1Ul'l(s' om.or which tho socorrl a.ocv.sod duly signod. The fi:.i'.'at o.ccusocl n.lso Gavo tho secol'.ld acct1aocl a papo:r II lim olo;;i.r" •· Tho guc.Itl of the pc.socngor tr.in, howovort d.id not ooncl tho first c.ccU3ocl any oomorc:c1dL:.":l. Tho second 2.ccu.ocd i~a.cl tho -warrJ.nt; oroor a.r.-.d thon loft for 11 tho.site. Tho first o.coL:sod uoEt ox: to sc,;y- that at 4,.00 c...ni. ho rocoivod n. report by tolophonc fror:i P. W. 2 t!1c.t th.o li:;l1t ci,::gL.10 he.cl· collided. with tho .i?D,sao~~r train. P.1-r. 2 then IJ,s:rocl if t~.:.o fb:st accG.sod b.ru::1 wrl tton a warning onlcr for tho driver o.s P.W. 2 had LIBtr1..:.ctod1 t6 which tho first accused replied . that ho hc.cJ... Thc:roc.ftor the fir3t c.ccu::,ocl wont to l'cport the matter to his station n2.otcr w~10 scid...tlm~~cm:.so-of.--tJ.:.o... accid.Qr.:t·-1-ro.tJ--tb.c lack of .---------~ r s . ... Tho.. f u ~ n p l c . i r : c d .

tl:.2,t t:1e d.oc1,1nents which woro-ru.J.e~ hr1.ve boon imp:roJ.)Crly fillec.l w0ro t2..:;:cn awt,y by :P. }7. 7 m'lrl tJ.1c?,t if thoy hn.d boon .p:i:-oJucc~ in co1-~, they wovld Jie,ve beer,. of ti..osiatm100 to him. - 20 In cr~mi,-Ah.c-.first accuso(l sc..i'..:l t~.10..t in his sta·temcnt to Police he b.d sa.id tha.t P. w. 2 told him the passer..3'0r t~2.in ,ic.s not protected. by clotonr..tors~ Tho .fh•s.t-.c..ccusod o.cld.o°:, howcvor, that ho ·had been fo:mod.• to say~so heccu.se lie 'IK'.s f orcod...by-·-s.omoom-whon.Jlo-.could....not . _,__.~ b o r• ,.,.------- · In his cl9fcnco 011 o~th, tho ooconcl accused sc1.id tl:..:1t a.t tb.~. ::llJ.tcrial •· . tiL1c, ho ims 11 110-in lino loconoti vo clrivor arn:', t::-:z.t he l:ad boor. in .-yh~t ' re.1~ or pooi tion since 1901. Bof ore tha.t he had boon a. shunt;l.ng · that . locomotive d:r:i. vor since 1975• Ilo ·wont on to sr::Jf!, ncin line loconotivc dri vor must h.."..vo ·with hin c1, Gcno1.t..l Rules. Book, -\ools such c.s hl.ir:mor 2.rni spa- ~ •i ru1Grs 1 and a co~1tc.inor oontc.i:ai1'Jg tucl vo detonators for pro}cction of his trc1i11 in cc.no of fo.ilurc, Tho acc~m:1 c.ccusod t.\cn dosoribod •to t11c court tho ' ' ' omi:.1er in which 2; troin is pi~otcctocl 'by d.oton.1.tors. Conir,G to tho incident i ts~lf I tho second accusoc'. acid tl1at during tho night of 0th er 9th Juno, 1904, ho _-wr.s booked to clrivo c.32

~ra.in f1.~on Tc.boiu to D6don2. W:b.ich was bookod to .lor,vo TD,bora at 1. 50 a.m. Ile cb.ockod ' · his o:r..gino c.d, founcl it to be i11 good. or-lor - ir.cluding tho "doncl L12..11' s • 1, • peddle"• Tioforo the wn.0 gon o::::-':-:JiJ'.'.ors hnd fi;:usb.ocl cx::nining tho trrJ.n, the sorJ.or yc..1'\". fo:poma. n told t~o socom n.ccL·,ocd t:.1r,t C.32 was ·not going 40 and that instoncl tho'' second a.corned wris to clri vo !1is 01J.c,i.m~light tq l~yahuo. boco,l,'!BO o. po..sscn&,"Cr tit.in l:2.et fc.ilocl between lk,lorii":;S···wo· Ci.1<l. Nyahua. i • 61 At 1.55 2..:0.. _ho loft for Fyr.,Jruo.._whci'O ho o..rrivcd a.t 3.30 a.;n~ At Nyu.lltw., tao first acci.:,socl gave :1im o.. pc.1JOr "line clear" whicb. instructed tho soooni accused to go to :r;:M. 749/D o,yii:, rotu.r:n to J:Ty21J.uc.., Ro was nlso given a ·m:i.rnil'JB 01-uor by tho fil'St accused which st2.tcd thc.t he should Go to KM. 749/8 and. return and t:i;:,,t tho 1nssongor t:i.uin had boon protoctocl with dotonc..toro. Re wo.~ not gi von the i5'1Jnru' s nou.ol.~c.11elu.r:1 o.s tho first ~ocLmecl said that ho b.nd not boon (.,i.wn one by t:10 [;'L;.."..J.t'co Ile t:.:cn si;::od. t:10 warnir,g om.or ru1.d left for t!:o si to which 1ms 14 !dlonot:ros mm;r f:ron }:Jycl1un.., Ile wn.o drivi11g /lt 27 to 20 n.J.)oho or 38 to 40 k.,J_j~l1.:. IIo roi:1irrloc!. l::.itmolf t!10.t he hr.id to watch the Kilonotl"O atones,

but t1-::.oso 1m:;.~o illogibloQ ITo i10s n.lao watcb.il'l,3' ·.a.head 10 for o..ny signnl ot:.ior t:.1o,;.·. tl10 -7..o'ton'.'.'.to:ro" It wo.s .'.1 for.;::::y9 d2rk o.r.d. cold ni-3ht, and 'Visibilit;y- ucz 2..bout SO not:ren(, ~0 co.w no ::eccl_ l2.:::.1p or any other ?iG11oi. Suddenly, ):o sc.w a. station.'1ry o:·.esiEo □ or;io 50 r.~otl."Os /iB.~:.oc.d of hio. Ho t!:.on cut off powor ~~.c1. c.pplicd brakes., But t~10 brc,:ros cod:l not· stop it o.t once. So his cri..gino collided Hi th t~10 st,-:::,t:i.onc.ry 0r1£5ino.. I:c ostimo.tod thet a.t tho time of' t:.:o inpa,ct, his c113in:i was novirll! 0,t a.bout 25 to 30 lc.p"li. As . a. :cos ult of tho rlkcidcnt, ho wo,s sovo1vly inju:rocl am:: wr.1,s hospi to.lizod for 20 da.ys. · After t1.1c it11nct 210 cczio ov.t of'_,:hls engine c.n:l shortly a.ftcrwo.rlo he sc.w tho gL:r,rd m,.cl tho dri vor of t:10 po.sso1;gor tiuin cooing fron t~~o rco.r • of tho pc.ssorlfsCr tr2.,ino 2e It was. tl"..c second acc-i.:,soa_t s clr,i:.:1 thnt hr.,,d tho ~ssol,gcr tro,in l)ocn p1'..otoo- tod. bY, d.oto;.mtors, tho c.ccident woclcl ~ot ho.Ve occmrod.. After r.1y sun,;:1ing up to tho two Honouroblo Lo.y Mcr.1bo:rs 1 ·tlloy wore un..'J.r.iinov.sly of :the view t.'.,4,,t both c..ocusccl persons wore guilty as clmrcroclo .. To, 2,-' very lr-rgo extent:, the clotorraimtion of r1<.1.tto:rs in dispute_ in this " cc.so c:lcpe_ncls o;.1 the

crocl.ibili t;y' of wi tnossoso I ;L"OS_P.OOtfu.11 ' - . ~r C.J!'rce J ~ ;,,i th Mr. AlinwiJ::c, 100,rnod counsel-for t;.J.o d.cfonce, t!,.o..t sono wi t::1osscs in this cc.so _r..my be doocriqcd. c..s witr,ossos wj_tl1 tl1oir own i:.:to1"Csts to servo 0.1-rl so t~1oir 0Vido11co must ho c.:;;;111~02-cJ:od ui th caution., 3( ( 1981) TLR 265)0 Those who cm~. be sr.Ll to bo i:1t0I'Ostocl wi tr.asses in tW.s _on.so o.rc· r.w.1, P.W.29 a::.1d r.n.5. Tho 0Vido:1co of t!-::.cso witl'!.0SSOS hc.s to be tc..lmn with son::: Cn-t."!.ti.011., I oc..rcfully observed e1ll tho p:;_•osocution rn:d defo:.co wi tnossos as t!1oy ga.vo their 0Vidc11co rn1d. I !:2.vo ·c~i'Qfully considorod tho content of their evidence.. T;J.ol."O is o..nple ovic1onco, wb.ich I accept, . th.:::;l; ci.t t'..10 r.m.totio.l tine thero wo;~"C no cloto1nto:m in t?.J.o w~1olo co1..1.ntry. If, ao has been · SUJ','JOS'Wd by tho clo:fo:nco, Po w.1 L2.Cl told PeWo 2 that tho l)<.":.OOOr:gor t:roin hc.d boor.. :p:r~t~otod by dotor.,,atoro, w::y would P .. W.1 ·nish to sey Sl.,ch :i. thir,g ·to P.W.2? Hhen 12.w.7 talkocl to tho fi~st o.cc-t.:sod.1 c..t ;.10 tine did tho_firot 40· a.ccuscd se.y t:.:-.d he w2.s tolC::. by P. ;r. 2 tho..t t~:o pnssor.@Or troin h.J.d booa . protected by cloto:nc1,tors, On tho controry, in his stator.:iont to I'~licc, uhich tho i'irot [l.COL1.S0d tried to ~tro.ot,ho 0<-".l..icl that P.1-r •. 2

hc'..d told hio that tho pa.soc~:c;of tl.t'.in hncl .ll9! boon protected. by clctor...c..tom, Fron tho foi"Ogoing i:. nd t!lc c1.onc2.mour of tho wi tnossos, I believe tl.mt P~W.1 m'Jd P.w.2 told the COLU--t tho truth, 8.11.d thc1t tho f'irot a.ccv.scd wc.o duly infomccl t:.12-t the po.ssorc.&,-or, tr2J..n ho.d not been protoctecl by doto1:ic'\toX'G• If- he b.nd 1)001: told tho cont:ro.1~-, tr1cro wan no roo..son why tho first - ' ha; ,. accused siwulc:1 not,lsnf'3. so to P. w. 7, aacl r. w. 7, in ny view, ca:-:":.1ot be sc,icl to hc.vc 'boor, a wi tncso with his om,_ intomsts to servo. llo b.nd nothiI'..g to gc.i11 or i_g~~ by fro.min,;· m1y of t:10 a.ccusoc1 p0l"SOm. - Iniocd, I f ovni p:11. 7 10 to be ,::,,n inpocoa.1Jly truthful wi tnccs on quo0tions of fe,ct. It is coi"tc.iru.y tru.o t!:at tho doc1JL1cnts in qu..cstio::, which hn.vo 'boon ;lost or clostroycd, wol.lld hc.vo. b,x:ri. of gl"OO.t- n.ssistar.cc to tho courir, as su'bmi ttod by Mr, .A1inwikc,. .As I ur_,_"\.orsto.nd tho lo.w, it is a gonoroi :rul,o that the best - oVidcnco of which tl::.c natv;ro of t:J.o c2..oo will 8.d.oi t mu.st ; .a , be· ptoduoodl T h o r c f ~ ~ l rulo, whcl.':l o.. w.r:i.:litcul_:ioc.uocr..t is to . ....----·--·---·- ---::--..-•----i-o_~d o.a ~-,--tu.on tho doo·uno.:TLit-solf_~ 'be pj;>oclt;,ccd. Dut-~ii_J.o' ·-·--- . -- . shmm thti.t the d.ocu.1101'!t is lost; or c1cotroyod, or is

ir~ tho ha.nc.a · of tho . opposi to· pai"'ty, then tho next ·bast evidence will b9 its true copy o:r oral cvidonoo.; (Soc Archbold, Pci.ro 1062, 37th :Celit:ion).i In tho l?l"COcnt cuso, ,wo have ovidonco t)1at the wlov.::,. nt docvnonts were lost or- 13.ostroy-od. So t)::c nc:;:t best oviclol'.co wc,s orol ovidor..co• Frora tho ovicloncc of P.W. 7 m,;:: t:.:o contro.dictior.Ll in tho 1st c.ocUSocl' o evidence c.ni his sto.tonor..t to Iolico, mtl o.lso oomic:.cri:r;g tho consistency o.rJ.· clomoo,pm,u- of P.u., 1, P.W~2 ,7.Ec1 J?.H.5, all of whoo fa.cod fio:t'CC--~ __,_~two--~~,-.t.---c.c·~.-✓-th..'rt~_, -1d tn.ossos ~ told tl:o cori.rt tho truth o.r:.,l were in no way t~'i.r. g to pi"Otoct thcnsclvos. I hn:vo 2-lso oo.roft1ll~- cor:.si::.lo::-.."Ocl tl10 c1ofoncc cviclcr..co. In view of what t ho f'1' --t ,,Ccl·""o-1 told P T'f 7 '"'''1r1 v 10 ~t ti,c oocor-1 c.,cc:t:iriod. told F.W-3• tho .._ ~ ,.&.0 L..i, • ~i..> 1...... • i • , ,_ ... __ .... !.. , ___(~:1 ... J.i _!;...l., ·- 'JIii' ., -- , _first c..cousocl toJ.tt . li.GD in his ov:i.donoo who:n ho so.id thnt ho issued 30 o.. p:rorx;:rwarr_ing Oluor, £'.r.fl ho 2.lso lioctwhcn ho said ho rms told byP.U.2 tbn t t!10 pc,ssonfJOr trc.in hc..cl boon protoctod by dctor:.-:-,to1."S •. In view of tho cvidonco of r. W. 2 mil. P. 1'i. 7, tho sccortl ·accused. clo2,rly liorl who:ri ho said th0,t he w0,o c;ivon a, p:ro1)C:r

wn.r-.r.-.ing o:cder or o..i-zy at 2.11. In short, tbp o.ocusod pcmorJJ, stories wo1:o a po.ck of lied .and I reject t:1on M such. On the bo.sis of ttc forcgoi::::c, I 8.r.l satisfied 2..nd fin:l ri.s a fci;ct tllc:..t :r.w.1 i11fo:L,--1cd r-.w.2 th.,~t-thc }?8,sscr:.gor troin l'lf'£l fdlccl-at KM. 749/G ,< ::.\'.-~:~"¼~- .----- - -~ 63 - botwcon r.rru.on&,,ro c.ncl Ny:::',huri. c.11±- tllc'.i it hc.1d 1l£i boon :p:;:otcctcd with dotoxi.a.to:ro, that F.W. 2 pr.1,::mocl 011 the.so.no im:'Oj,Tiation to tho fii"Ot accuaod a.t lcaot twice, c.nd F.W.2 s:poci:fically dircctccl tho first aocusod that ho s}iould issue a wa.rr.d.ng order to tho ·drivor to that offeot,; that tb.o first accused issued no warru.1,g oroor or issu.od a dofootiw warning onloi' to tho second o.ccuscd.· I n.lso £irrl c-..s a fc1ct tht:.t . when tho second cl,Ccuscd wo.s a.pprov..c::i!l(s tl10 pa.sacn.'s'()r t1--a.i1jP,.W. 1 WM displ::r,.;dng a wti.rl1i11g hand signn.~, t~1c.,t is, a reel lamp in such a· positioa tlJ,at n1,y a.ttontivo end cc:roful driver 1-rould haw seen it 1 m-:i.d tb.a.t tho soconc1 n.ccusod oi tLor i3"!lorod it or was vwblo to aoo it bocc.uso bo wa.s grossly ii,attor~tivo or hcd fallen r ~leap~ 1 It mn.y well be that tho stor.:.0 narko1"S ''a.long tho line in thn.t a.:roa.:-. woro ' . .faint or illegible, as statec1 by tho second accused CJ.;.d P.w.5. · But, c.s was a.ptly pointed ou.t by

P.U. 7, if t>.oy wore faint or illce,1.blo thr.t was tho bettor roe.son for tho soconcl aocL!sod to be ovon norc ca.:roful. In, d9tol.'1:1i1tl1JG tho· question whether a .l)c:1.rt;c1..1lo..frct or n.cts corJSti tutod. , .io .. nogligonco · or lo.clc of roasonn.blo co.1'\0, tllorc is no yn:i.'tlstick. Tho tostL.bo used is tho objootivo test. Thc.,t is to say, if on the facts and circumstcncos ./ .. in u givon case, a ::roason..·-:-:.blo 8.i.,.d prudent oon would 02.y that tho c.cto o:r Qtdssions cml.3tiiuicd negligo::.co 1 tllnt 'is enough. . 0 Tho sn.>;10 te1;H is applioabllin deciding whe~hGJ:' or.-not tho JJ)gligcncc, t?¥ ..tho .circumstancos ::a.oountod to gross. nogligonco. Iii my view in orocr t.o pl'OVC n chn.rgo ,such as tho ono faci11g tho a.ccu.sccl porso:r.s, tho Il.cpublic has to prove that there wn.s groes negligence or lack of i.'CM011.7.blc cai,c~ in the n.ccuocd • s clischargo of his c1:utfoa. I spooifioaily t.ddrcasod tho Honov.ro.ble Lay Moz:1bora on this question. Mr. Alinwiko subr:ri. ttccl t~1..'l.t if .thcirc woro defects in tho docuncnta wri tton by tho fiJ.--st accu.sod, thooo defects were c1.uublo t:.nd could. not havo boon tho cm:so of t~1e v.ccic1ont. W.i, th respect, 1 do not agree. Tho warning 01-tlor did not warn tho soco1~d o.ocu.sod tht:.t the passenger trn.in hnd _E£i been protoctoc1 with doto11r-:,.toro. In ny . view, tht.t was a. very

serious ' 3C onission m1el c.motmtod to ond2.11go:ri:ng tro££ic on the lino. With :rogo.ro. to tb.o second nccuscd, ho 'farocl 110 bet tel'• Hore wa.s a very exporicncoc.',, looonotivc dti vor. He know whore ho wo.o going o.nd actually kr.!.OW that ho was rsoing 01lly 14 X-.Jr. f:ron !JynJ1ua.. Ho says tha. t it was 8. foggy lU[jht n.n:1 the.t tl1.e Kilonctro stones WC::i.'O faint. If tto.t wo.a so, and <'-S F.w.7 n.ptly pointed. out 1 thr~t uns t.he better roe.son for him to bo noro ca:;.'Cft:11. From tho cviclcr~cc of P. w.1 nnc1 F.1~~ 5, which I ,~ccopt, p. W-.1 hold a red. 1 12.mp on tho sic'i.o of the second. qccy,scd. Tho plo.co is straight. nut the scconrl accused ei thor i@101--cd that wo..rninc; signQ,; or clicl not sec it booc;usc ho 40 was i1w.ttontivo or was Asleep. 64 - For whatcvo:r · i~c.oon, the second. 6.cc:r.scd drove pc.st tho 1m.rning signal ~'l.d, from tho' ov:idonoo of I'. W13, which I fi~'ld trt.tthf'ul, t2:tc socond a.cctwcd ramracd into tho pas.sorigor trdn or.ginc 2.t a speed of 56 ~P·~~ · By <'-11," :roa.son,..".blo ata.l'.1da:i:d; tl:-:.o.t a.r,1ounto~ to g1•oss nogligcnoc or serious fa.iluro to dischm:-go · ·. his duties in ··8. rc11soroblo mr.z:.ncr. , L For the:sc roaso1w, I ros:poctf·DJ.ly 11t,"'TCC with tho two Ilcinourn.blc Ln.y Members. that the· prosecution hno provocl its co.so D-t:,.;ainst 013.Ch of tho a.ccusod p:::rs~: beyond

roa.s011:,blo doubt.. I, thoi•oforo, find both a.caused persons guilty oo chax:gcd ar.L(l. l cluly convict ouch of t;.10n f'orthwi th. . , 10 ·'- 21/5/9,1, : .. Hr. Kwildo2, bric:f for. M:r• .Aliowiko for Defence. Doth o.ocusccl poroor,.13 ::~"O p:;;,osont. II · 4l i Judgrjont del:i vorod in open Cou.i"'t . i s 21 da.y of Ma.y, 1991. ·· ·n. flffeYli~ mA, D. C ... JUDGE: B.oco:ro.s: My Lom, none if tl:o a.ccmsod persons ht1.s any rcooI'd. · ,_ My Lott!., I hc..vc 110 other nistructions other thrr.n to rocci vo judgmc11t. 1st ~'\.cousod& I "QJ:[1,y t!la.t our nclvocat.c conos. 2nd Accused& [ c,i pf t!'ic on,;10 oplr:ion,, I, O:nlcrs Scnto~1co reserved ·till 1 o/ 6/ 91. 130th aocusocl rcn.1.nd.od in custod B. D. CHIP.ETA, JUDGE, 21/5/1991. / I 65 - Dato, 17/6/91 Coron: B.D Chipota, J • Mro Osualcl - Stc1to .Attorney for the Ropublio · Mr. Alinwil-co ... Counsel for tl:o l1cou.sod persons. Aocu.sod: 1. .· Alboi"ii Kilt.11:1.bi 2. · Shv,ba,m Milir-.:I.:i Both Lay Mon7Jors. present. Rocozds \ (~. Os.wn.ld).: · My 101'1 aocli.sod porsor.:.s a1"0 first offondors. Mi ti0,ntioi1: (:r.rr1~. Alimwiko) My LoJXl mxl II011. Lay Mon·iJoi--s, ll'O pray tl:.o followiri.g bo Jo.J.ron i11to account aITested. n l 1 n3 L in o.ssossi1-ig sontonco. Both WO::i.~ : .. ·: .• on--, 5•9• u4 undo:r tho ropoa eel lc:w- 9U • Thoy wore ror.1m1dcd in c:1..-,.stody till 27.3.85 when they -wcl""'O c!..1c.rc;od.

under tho notr law. They wore ror.iandoc.l till July, 1905 when tl1oy wore grontcd br..il• This cb.o.rgc l:.M bco1~ b.miging over their shouldom all this tir.19. They wc:ro 011 lmlf :pc_-,,y. Tho 02..so has b1"0u~llt tmtold hard.ships to thorJ. Thr.t is a f om of punichmont. Both a1"0 firnt a.$'fcndm."S. 1st r,,ccu.socl ho.cl 12 yon:ro c:z:1-cii.c)::.cc o..ncl '2nd o.ccv..scd ·ho.a 30 ycnrs. ']:ii,c· 1st t',C.cl·13cc1 is L Jlla..':'""'j?i,?1. tl: tuo olrlla.rc:rn. IIc lost his fa.t:1cr. He 11:.'10 0.11 mo;jrhor. IIo l:c,s si store 2,11.c1. 1J~1et~:orso Ile was i11czporioncod as A.:3siat .:.,;,1t I Sto.tion M,-::,otor. ,I mother 2r.d accusocl is mi~riod with O clulcl:ron. ., Ho h2'..s an old.!:-_ ; · -: -, • Fo'l.1r of tho I children o..ro still yom1g. In tho r.?.ccido;_1t ho ,;ms ooj:-:i.ouDly inju.:r:cd. Ro 1:.c.o }:X}:roc.ncnt •i~ooiaoi.ti~. I It is tn.1.c tl:o loss to tho Co:r:90:i."'[',t c.,noLmtcd to Shs 5,000,000/=~ Bu.t that shotud not bo 2, bo..sis for o, stiff so11tonco. Tlj.o coUl"ii oust 001'.lSidcr t!10 ciroumsto.ncos o:f ca.oh oo.so. A ouotodic..l scntonoo is not n2.,11clc..tory. ~Tc p1uy.for leniency. JJ •. De CHil·ETA; JUDGE: 17/6/91. 66 (; In ,o.ssessinc:s sontcncos, we lnvc t2.J:-..cn into n.ccount, on the ono h'.lncl~ tho .f2.d that the acct"..soC: persons a.ro first offer..dors 1 th2.t t!1oy 11:·wo J.opon:l.".r.:.tsi, tho..t this case hc.1.s boon

r.,__1.r.lg'ing on thoir shoulders for Dr>..n;y- ;yo,'.'-rs f :::1.1iJ. tl:..o.. t 2.s a :rosul t of their convictior.,s thoy will almost oort[).i11ly lose· t;ioir jobs an.". ot'.1or bcr.cfits., .. On the other hnnd, we ):-..f.WC tnken into n.ccoui:.t fac. loss sufforo:l by tho Cor::orntio:i:1 as a rosul t of the nogligonco of tl::.o two accu..s0c1 1:iorso1"1So Courts l:.aVG o. duty to disooura30 1iogligonoo on tl10 1x:i,rt;,, of public o:i:fico:rs at thoir places of work. To sooo exto,nt, on yot t):o otl~or h-:i..n:l, ti.10 Cor:.,:io:ration oontl'ibuto:l to this accidGnt. ~y their failuro to protect tho pn,sso:,~1:sor, tr.s.in with clctono. tors., yi Wo n.cc~o1't).in.6lysontonco oach·of the accuscc1 po;roons to.f'iw'(5) yoar,s irapriaori.nc11t. . . Right of a1ipoal. c:icplainocl. Ba Jo CHIET.i, .f ,