19920703 TZHC Dar es Salaam

DT '1'.li.JJ ITIG.G COtJ.;:1T OF ,TlUJZlUHA AT DA;J. ES Sll.LAAJYl • 1tm.: CLBD NC. 332/se i' OWEN l'!ICJEiiID.A., • ., • oo • • • • • oPLAit:f'l'IFF VERSUS GDNJJLllJ: Iiilll':f.ilGBll, FRITllIDS COR.i'TITI.R & TlJ1J1.UE IIOTJ.I:I.S LHITTED •••••• " •••• DifJj!'IrrID.'JJTT This is a Suit filed by Owen Mkwemba, tl:.e f'2;tl:er of' ..~drerr Mlorem1,a, novr deceased. · The suit is broucLt under tl:.e p:rovisions of tte L.,,w~eform (Fatul Accidents and Misoellaooou.s PI'ovisions' Ord;p.o,nce Cap. 360. The plaintiff' is suinc; on tehclf' of his f'anil;y Tlc..e sui1 as d.aJ,;enclants of tl:e :;12.intiff's late son l!.ndrew Mkwer;f::a., . is 'based on negligence of the defendant and tLe :z;,elief' uougLt are ....,, r' ;i general damates not e~oeoclinc 600,000/=·Plus costs and any ot~er ,. oourt deems fit o Vlief' t1{e TJ.:.e plaintiff adduced evidonce to the effect that on 20/2/GfJ 1 he got a, report tl:c.t t2:e deceased had 1Joen 1:.it by o.. wall of tte defend.ant which had colla?sed. TJ.:.e plaintiff' was living very close. to liriends Corner and Tundalo IIotols Ltd, atout 10 raotres 2.m:i,y, He want to the scene and fo1.u1d tl:.at the wull lmd indced oollapsoa_~ · Tl:.is wall was being re1::;1.1.ilt and the :i;>luce wLere the deceased v,£s C:t9U$hod, the wall was not vei-ry hicJ,~., 2,nd tl:o wnll l:c,d holes,. ~~.d:l.--ew Mkwemba died because of tl:.e wnll fall~c on hin., Ile wG.s agcC:l 8 and i______,1/ wo.s in Stc.nda.rd I o..nd l.10 was doillG very well in class• Tb.e docoo.sedl s motJ::.er, "vrothers o.nd sistora were st'ill alive,. Somo wore in o;n:;_')loyment 1JU.t others were still in so:::.ool. Tho j_)laintiff was prnying fm:.' dr.nac;Jr t,r tl:.o loss of his son. P1rf2 Lukusa. Mkundohm said tL.at on 20/ 2/88 l:.o was a. neighbo1.12 of the plaintiff end only a few notres f'rom Friends Corno1". Ile caw tLo well of Fricnd.S COJ.."'110'.i:' collapse. "he found the decoa.soa. anc1 so he sent fo:L' his f'c,tl·•-ij• ITe went t>.ero and in tho n;.1.)ble . On thct. day of the accident there w2,s r:1116"ie at F.ricnd.S Corner. lie oould see some el:ilc'l:i:-en plcyinc at tho 1~ottom of the wall uhile otl:. ers would clinf_ up _the· wall. T110 wall l:nd a crook in the Lti.ddle and. tl::.o lJlaco 1.-rl.~,ich colfo,-_)S~d " wa.s t1:.e ono with tLe o:i:-2,,ck. • • 0 0 0 ·,'. .l. 0 • ~ ·.-. '<l t} 0 tJ • ·....... \' . 0 .. 2 No 0 d 7145 Det0otivo Consto.1;lo Lo.'\ll'ent w2,s tl:.e lc..st wi tnoss (PW3) •. Ile scid tha.t on 20/2/88 l::.o wns a.ssi@1od to co to tb~ soono at FJ:,iends Cornol' wl:oro a wall had collapsed n.nd one child had died. Ile could s00 some cracks on tl:o otho1, i:,a.rt of tt.o ,roll ' wLich lmd not oolla.pscd. In defence, the clefondD,nt Tndoi Siliyo.ma.k.a Mc.ssawe sc:-.id that ,. ho was one of tho Pa.rtnoz-s o:f F.J.,ionc':s Corner c.nd Tandn.lo Ilotel Ltd. Ile conceded that .nrusic and cul t,,.u,c.l dances WO:i:'O :performed nt this hotolo The ha.11 is St,U'l.,oo.nded by a. wa.11 of cement bJ.ookS. · Tho vml:t wo,s strong n.s it hn.d boon oonstruotod with O0went clocks o No one .-ras allowed to climb tho wo.llo On 20/ 2/88 thoro wc.s n. cul tura.l dance~ Tho d.ofonc~ilnt got a report ,. th'l.t a child had fallen fl,ora tl:c irc:i.11 a.nd hcd died. Tl.1.0 wall wns in good oondi tion. Children were i.lOt · in the ha.1;it of cliwbing- on tho wnll. 'I'hc w.:i.11 usod to be e,~dod ~-rhcnovcr tJ.w.i..---o. wc.1.s an activity going on. In cross oxa.rJinction, ho scid ttnt the wall was built in 1902 and th2.t it ta.d no defects. TJ.:e other wi tncss :for tl:o defence wo.s Mo:;:-.111di Mtoi wto said t!~ he wcs working n.t lil'iends Corner IIotols as Gonm-2:.l M,_-,no.ger. .J:o Sa.id. tl:c.1.t the wa.11 foll dolm at one time bu.t tlus m:-.s not duo to cr2.clcs • T.!.:o wnll wn.s ovcnwholmod 1Jy tl:-.c weight of children who hn.d cli41~:)0d ~ .on it. .I- ' ' . .. ; .<I'--~· TJ.1c1.'e wore Policemen and soow:-i ty gu,::i.rds on duty bu.t still chilcli>on climbed on tho wa.llo Ile .-,a,s in his office 011 20/ 2/0D when tl.::.o ~-ro.11 Coli_ifodo Chilib:'on used to climb tho wo,11 oven bofo1,o 2o/2/0C r,ltJ:aeu&: socu::-ity QlO,I'da wore tJ.:.orc to stop tl:or.1' fron olin~.;inc;. At tLo oonolusion of tl:.c evidence, Mre M.::-,;;.,o.,ndu1 lonrnod counool fo-;:: the dofcndnnt, SUi)uittod that ttis action a.:_):JCrw.---od to have hoon coramonaod n.G[',inst tho dofcndD.nt by the plaintiff either cs n.dninistrotor of tho estate of tLo doco2.Scd ol:ild or e,s c.. person ontitlcd to cicira by reason of tl:e provisions of tho L2,w i.=l.efo~---m ( .f:'c.tal Accidon-.s Miscellaneous Provisions) Ordilmncoo IIo 1-ront on to o.::;:,cuo wl:ot~~OI' • defendant had o..rzy lia.1-:ilit;r in tho rottoro I will doo.l witl::. tho su1missions , of 1.;oth c0Ul1$cls in tho j_)roooss of nnswo:dnc tt.o i~~ucs. • In view of tt. c J;Irovision.s o:f section 2 of tl:e Ln.w RofoTra ( Fo,to.l 1:i.ccidcnts and Misccllanoous Provisions) Ordi;.10.nce o,s r.nondcd by .t:..ct lfo.5 of 1971 end in view of scoti6ns 3 end 4 of t1.:..e sc.id Ordi112,nco in ... p~ticulCJ:', tl:.o l)leintiff is the l:'ichtful encl lc.u:ful ;,crson to sue o,nd tho action is well founded .:;;;.1d mintainc.tlco I :I ... \ ' . 3. I 1-z-oposo new to c1oo.1 with the issues. Tl:c f'irst issue is whotb.er tto docco.sod W2..S an hwi toe to tl::c defon®rit' s prcnises. The evidence W<:';S tho,t there wc..s a. 01.,1.J.turo.l dL-.ncc at the defendc,nt• s hotel. Tho ... deceased wcs livinc; hcri.dly ton }_)D.cos nwa.y fro.r;i tl:c dofondc..nt 1 s pro1:ti.ses~ Thero is no evidence on .whether tl::.o dcconsod wr,s one of tl"..c boys w1:o climl:,od on the wo.lle Hhc.t is definite is tlmt t},_e dococ1Sod oust l:a.vo boon.-in the vicinity of tb.o wa.11.. }ij:on the wo.lJ,: ·fell down1 the docor.sod le.7 unconscious o..nd ho la.to:;;- died. Was ho an invitee'? Thero is no l evidence thc.t ho l-ms 'tec2,usc tl:e plaintiff did not e:;i.vc ovidenco to show tl:nt tho decoMccl Lc.d o.onoy to pay for tho ticket to enable hin to ontllt' •.; tho ha.11 where he woulct wnteh tho cultural dunce. Tho defendant oc.cording to the cviden·cc oXJ.)cotod those coming to tl:c oulturc..1 d.:'.nco to buy a. ticket so tl:ri.t they .::.ro n.llowod in tho ha.11, Those would 1Ja the :l.nvitccs• I would thorofoi-c c.11S1-rcr tho fi.l'st issue in tho no~.tivc. Tho l~ot,eo.scd no.snot a.n invitee. T110 second issue is 1-t'...1cthcr tl:..c doccasoc'. wcs o. trosrC1.ssor to tl:o cl.ofonda.nt' e precises. Tho evidence which w2.s adduced wr1.s thc.t th~e lmG . a wall a.rowid tho dcfendcnt 1 s precises. No one lV<lS nllowcc. to cli1:11J on this well ant that those who on.no for tl:c pU.1.""'?oso of seeing the C'l'.ltu:i.'al dnnco were supposed to tuy a 'iickot o.ncl cntcl' tto, ri:romisos tb0t\:t. tho . ; ontrn.ncc whore they uo~o to show the;ir tickets• Ma-ny people oc,no to tho oul tural dance sone of wtora especially cl::.ilclren never bought t'-lv 7 , 'tickets• The wnll wa.s rJccnt to keep those who J.,.e:,c"\. no ticket out of. .t,hQ ·.~ ,,t .. show O Moreover thoro were soouri ty eua.rc.s wl:o se,w to it tlmt no ,p):l~ -·· ~ . olinbcd the w.:,,11 -to vmto.h ~he sl::.ow. Mre Marnnclu conoludec"!. tl:..a.t 011 jI·,oaQ faots it wns clocr thG-t the docc2,soc".. wr,s a trcs1,o.ssoro ,. On tho ot:l:.or hnna. 1 ilb:-. Mb.inn., lem'ncc: counsel for tt.o plc.intiff, in his su'br.1ission so..ic tl::n:t it was irar>ortant to realize ttct tl:..o dooor..sccl wc.s o. no:ro child of 8 yoars nnc. tl:£.t tho well wc.s a.n attraction to hiu in that it wr-.s of c. clinbo.blo J.ioight c.nd. tl".:oro wc,s tho cul-iuJ:'n.l show 0 oinc on., Ile sc.ic.. that thoro wr.s cm o..11\ll'CilCnt oron.toc. 1:y 11:o do:f'onc1ant so ttat tcclmioa,lly tl:o dcoccsod v~,s a trospc.ssor but not in :i,,00,lity. IIc cited tLo olcl cc.so of Lincl::. v NUFdin (1841)IQ 25)., Tl:o fq.cts there were tl:.[~t an OGG norC11.0.nt who used to send his soI"V2..nt rom1d Soho (o. plr.ce) witl: o. cc.rt to deliver oc;c;s to l:.is custonors had his so::rv~nt out witl:. tl2.o cert cs usun.l. The sorvr,nt ioprudcntly left tho en.rt f<E h..slf t1.n 1:01.ll' in c.. stroot cb.'c.1m up by the sic"'cc of -tho :pa.voment. While ho· t-r.:-,s c.wc.y sonic little ohilc'.ro11 "ucgo.n plo.ying c:oou-t , _.,;,_ 1'.. · tl::c COJ:'t, cliobinc; into it etc-. Tho plc.intiff wo..s in tl:c uct of clin1)i~ , tho cc.rt wl:..on .::motJ:01., 1;oy l)ullec".. 2.t tho hoJ:>so• s br-idlce Tho ho:rso \ IJOVO d ~ ' .. on nnc. tl:c pluintiff wc.s thrown to tl::o grounc.. mi:ci_ ln.L.---t ~ Tho~ chrld successfully Ir •'·\ ~I · . crOl).QJ.t o.n o.otion for d..".nc.eos £1{:,Tdnst tl:.c oo;c-oorchG..nt, it lxiing considered 1 ' ,, . ,,: L that he lTG,S not cuilty of oontributory nocligcnce c.s ho lia.d 01;ily'-oboyod o. ohild t s i~tirl<, t in play inc. with tl:o oa.J:'t. •.. "!. • o/4- /.,. /, ·:. ., ... '••·· .... I. - .. .. • 4 ,, .' .:;',:.::;, : '1 r-tt-! ~iD.1inc. elso c;i.toc1 tho oc,sc of J3uoklc,m1.. y_GuiJ.dfoJ?d Gc.s l~fQ-1.t )t Coke.Po,; ' [{94§/ ~Ul E.B. .. 1006, nhioh -concoi--nod 11 trco-cl:L:1'ciPG" thirteen yoo,r CI~~- wI::.o lTC.,S clcotrocutod b;y- over - head hiQ.1 - vol t2,c;o wires. It WC:.S hclcl ·. · . · ; ~ tl:c,t oven if it wo:;:-o to to a.ss1.,.r:ioc. thnt sl:.o wc:-s a t:rospc,sscr upon tho lo..nc,, tho dofona,nts shoulc1 lmvo knevm .that it wo.s c..2-nGcrous to l'J.C.,VC hi@:i. / volte:.(,~ wires ir:u;,10clia.toly above o. tree which could. ocsily bo clir:lboc1 thereby. .. t oanstituting nn 11ttrooti6n to children, encl thorofo:ro that a.s t:.:o c,1-rl wns n ;person w).:.ora tho clofon®nts ougll.t to h2.vo had in oontoIJ.l)la.tion as boine dirootly n.ffootoc. 1Jy tl:c~ failUJ:"o to tclco pro,or ].)Z'oco.utions, they WOJ:'O (;"l.lilty of duty e.nountiDG to noglic,;cncc. M:r. Mb.inc. oitoc.1.. nlso tl:.c cQ.So of D2.vis v St M".X'y' .. s Donolition o.ncl Excavction Co.· Ltd 1J95i!I 1Ql E..11.. 578, which involved n "tl"ospo.ssing 12 yco.rs tld boy who wa.s injured b;y o. collnJ?Sine wo.11 to which he hnd boon a)luiroc'l., It W8.S h0lcl tha.t o.lthaue].: tho pJ.c.intif:f' oinor wcs 2. t:i:-ospc:.ssor on tho la.na.1 the prcsonoo of ohilc:ron on tho site -wus so likely nn occ-tllTOl100 thc,t tho j_)lcintiff onoo within tho olo.se of 11 noghbcurs" na defined by Lo~cc:1 .AiJcin in tllq oa.ac .. _.".,, of Danoc;huo v Stovonson, to whoo tho dofcnda.nts. owQd n duty of ccro MG. itho.'' plaintiff w.:i.s cnti tloC.. to sucoood. Mr, Mv.rc:.nc.u However :t>ofor:oocl tho oo-u:ct -to 'tl~ '(!)8.S-C. 0£ E9bc:;;-t ~•·<7f11c ~ Qi- " ~oJlio~ics) LtcJ.. v 1 ~els: {J92§f Ao Co 358., ,mi.oh is disoussoo. in Coail .i:':...W:dght Casas on tho Leu of Tort J.X.\"r:cs 656 -657. ... He roforroc.~-in :i;,nrticu1nr to pccos 658-659 wt.ore it is sto.tod tha.t in cc.sos of trospcss there can II be no clifforenoc in tl::.o co.so of children a.nc".. c.cul ts, bcc2,uso there is no duty to tolcc oc.i--o, · it or:.nnot vriry c.ccorc:.ilx; to .-1to is o. ti"Osra.s·sor •" In this cc.so (Duobrcck' s onsc) there was a contriw.ncc nctu::.lly dc..l.1G0l"OUS 'to ohildron in n field S1L.--:roun.docl by c. hoq;o totr:.lly inc..cloq_uS!(to to kcal) out tho public.· Tb.a fiolc:. itself wc.s usoc. a.s 11 plGyQ:"ouncl by younc cl:ildrcn o.nc'- tho oontrivcncc wc,s e;::mgcrous a.nc,_ o.ttTc.cti vo to ohilc1:ren. Tb.a aoiclont cccuroc. boco..uso tl:o 0ontriVO,nc0 ( a. wheel) wcs sot in motion witb.out a.ny prccD)lo:tion bcinG tc.kon to avoid c.n ncoic,__ont to parsons froq,uantine tho fiold .. Sooo of, the clu.lc1ron uo:;.--o W2,l."!1Cc1.. ct tir1os nu,,_ tl:.o i11jurcc7-. l::;o~ 7 hm'- boon Wcl.I'noc1.. ., .{~; by his father, but no o.cloq1..1Jl.to fonoing oxistoc. no:i:- wore any c7-.0ficicncio.s .,, "':~ continuously ronowoc.·. It wr,s hole. thD..t tho 1:,oy, thouc)l · only four yea.rs old1 ,;,, ' .¼ ims o. trospa.sscr nnc1. wont on the prom.sos a.t his own risk. l Mr~ Mo.re:.nc.u c.lso '.L'ofo!.'l'od to tho cc,sc of fl.~CJ:'cl v Bf,j.].w~:x:fcutivo [J95j/ 2 All ER 4300 In tl::.c.t 02.so tho f'D-ots wore that tho plo.~.ntif;t'1 s 1Son 'W'[',S run over by 1111 electric tro.in on a. lino tho J?l"Oporty of tho ros:;_)b~donts.~ ..,. .,.,. r;'" Tho boy wr:.s ac.,ud S yom"s O Tho rnilwo..y lino wo.s lo..icl on a.n enbc.lncnt ht tho foot of and acljc.cont to which wc,s sitv.o.tocl a, 1Jt1.1,lic rocroc.tion· e,±,qund. J3otwoon tl:o foot of tl:.o orJba.nknont o.nc. tho roorcc:.,tion ground tho corJI)D..hy hcd Ol."Cctqd 11 fence 0011.Sistinc; of oono:t"otc J?OSts between which ran strrmds of wire fixed to tho posts 1::,y s~lit pins. For nc,ny yoc,rs chilclron ho.cl been accustoocc. to clir.1t tl'.:I'ou-eh tho fence by v.ullinc; ~ out\ tho Sl)lit pins enc ::-conovini:;. tho wire, 2,nc1.. to tobogom clown tho en1.::o.11kr:iont. TJ.1.0 fence was rcpd.rocl 7::;y tho con1,.:m;r1·s se:cycnts wl:onovor it wr,s soon ,to o o ;; ~ 1 t f ;. . 6 _...,. .... 0 •. . . .. ;;~·~· - •. 4' ...... ..., . .. 5 ' h2-vo bodn intorforoc:. wi tl:. On the c'..2,y o:f tl:..o a.ocie.ont tho iJoy went t 1 ~ ' t1-_o fonco to fetch o, ball 0,nd while orossinc tho rcilwcy lines slip)ec'. nncl foll between tho lines c..nc1. wo.s subsequently struck l:,y o., tr11in, suffori~ tho loss of o.n a.rno Tho 1Joy ho.c1. boon wr:.rnoc ty his fo.,thor not to co tlu:-ou.G11 tho fonooo TLo ~ourt of l.1.ppoa.l b.olc'. hir.1 to be a. tros]_)2.sso1~ nnd . f c::.s such tho cor.1:pnny clicl not owe hin nny clut;r which they woulcl hc.vc owocl to a liconcsoot, Tho House of Loi~c:s ngrooc:. wit):: tl:.o c.looision of tho Court .of : ..p].)oo.l. 1, Lo;.--c:. Porter s2.ic1., inter c.lfo,, thct there iv<.!,$ no nllUl'onont in this cc.so "booc.uso tl:.o appollc.nt l'l['.c. never boon tlu-cut tho fence a,rtc'. never knew of tl::.o cc:,s in tho fence or of tho tobOGGO.nihG 0,ncl hewr W[mtoc. to nor dicl when, . ; tobocsrm;ho Got tl-.eroo Ile know that tho fence wc..s t:1ore to kC:fD liir:1 encl tho otLor ctilcrcn out, tl1.2.t it wo..s w.t>ong to co on the orJbnlmoi;t, :· end tho.t ho h2,c1. no right to do so. Ho furthoI' knew tho.t it we,s clr,ngcrous to cross the li.nos,. 1' ~ • l\1.i.---thor clo'im in his Sl)Ooch Lorc:1. Porto1" sc,,id, ''I ccnnot soc tJmt tl10 .l'OSj_)ondon-l;r! woro unclcr mw oblig.:d;ion to do uoro than keep their proois.oa ,~ .·.... abut off °Jy r. fence wl:icL 1-12,s fu.,J,y ropairoc. when broken o..nd 01,-viov.sly intQne.cd to kco11 irri;ruc:.crs out•" Dut 9 it is r.JJ'- view tl:.nt tho ooso of Gour;h v N2:.tionnl Co2.l Doe:.J."d [J95!{ IQB191, c.lso oitod by Mr Mhino, for the plc,intiff is tl:.o nest relevant c,nc,:. close to tho faots in tho oc,so before no. In Goi1.c;h v Nc,tiono.~. Coal Doo:2d 2 tho c.efonc1.'}_p~ opcr~ec a oollicy trc.mwo.jr which rem over their land tlu~oug: a niniric villo..sc with houses on totl: sides,. It 1-:-::..a utif'onood. nnc: 'Ul'lgt.12.rdod, nnd 1,,1n2,ttoncloc1. journeys of slow--n,ovirig trucks J)C.SSod up end c.01m the trcck ct frequent irrtcrvula, bcir-e workocl by nn onc,i.no o.t U.o -top of an incline• For oony yec,rs tho putlic he.cl toon tc.citly pomittod to cross tho tr2..oks, c.nc. · cl1ildron plc;y-ocl no2.r it, c,nc:. sonotinos rod.a on tho trucks, tl:01.1.gl::. that practice w2.s not tolore,tcc. by tho d.ef'onclant~ who know of it. Tho infnnt ].)lainti:ff, c,coc. six cmc. l~o.:lf~ yo2.Xs, roc1.o on c, truck , emf. wcs severely injii..:roc1. wl:.ilc tryinc; to••jur.!'_,.:, off• Ile brought an nctioa, 'by his f<'.:thor, alloc,i.n:7 neGlig-onoo ago.inst tho dofonC,.e,nts o .:lt tl:.o honril'lG he 2..e.L1i ttec. thct ho wc,s not six2posocl to pla,y on tl.:o trucks 2-nc:. thd' his fathox woulc'. punisl: hir.1 if he clid so. Tho trinl jUG[;,"C founc:. thc:t ;he . . inf'c.nt -wa.s a, license over tLo wLolc of tl:o lcnc.0 wa.s o..n alluroncnt whiol::. tLo de:fonclc,1-its wore imc'.cr IIc Jlclc.. thc.t tLc trci;inwo,y, t: to l)rotco-t; an,4· thaj o, duty - ~ ,, tho infcnt 1 ,s knowloc'.[,'O tl~.o.,t ho was cloinc wronG r.1.-:-,de no difforonco . bCC<.'\1).$0 l.,; ..'-. he W2-S too younc to approcictc tho reel c~,n0or. \ ~ ... o/6~ .. -~ .~ ., ' ... . .. ., . ·• ! ,. •., \ ' r . • !' ,·. 6 • lo On apponl,'"it wc.s holc1 tl1<.".t tJ.:,.o inf2-nt hc,c. C: r;onoro.l liconco to go on tho t:l.•c,ck r.,nc:. thot tLd liconco could not•bo linitocl in such [~ 1n:-,3r c.s cit]::.01• (n) to r:1cko hia c. t:ros1x::,ssor g,binitio boo2;t..mo· ho hr,c. cono on t~o trc.ck to :pln;r, or (b) to roduco him fron c. licor}tt~ to n trosp2-sscr tho · oonorrt ho clinboc1 on to tl:..o tru.ck, for tho t1--uck was en n.lluronont, nncl . I", • ,i tho d.ofonclt',nts wore unc1or tl:~o duty t·o tc.ko ronsor,lblo cv.,ro to protect hin as a. liccnsoo aco.,irist o..n ob joot on thoi:l• ' lc,nc1.. which tl'.oy know wc,s l.1ott o.ttrr.otivo nnc"'.. cr,ncorous to a child of his cc;o, w1{o wr:.s doinG oxc.otly whc.t ., they sLoulcL J:c;vo :f'orcscon ho woulc'. do. Tb.a infe,ntt s . knowloc.cc tl:c:.t ho was ' disobc;yinc his fc..thor 1s vmrninc dicl not postulcto in hii:1 · oi tl:or c., com1)lcto or pa.rtinl knowloclgo of tho c'..c,n or of whn.t ho wo.s doing such c.s ta'1ct 2-nr;c tho 0 i.!t . absolve tho dcfondc,nts fron thcil" duty to cunrcl it, nm'- they wore ~ ccorclingly .., . ·,;;;_ ', ::.~ clmraoto:r of tho truck fror1 a conoeclocl to r-11 obvious c1i.~n0 or c.nc'€oby <ilif, ~~-~ ,, It" - ij ,·I,•,··· ~.,. f f liable in dame.cos o . ~ •-Tho a.bovc oi toe'- oc,so is, o,s nonti;ncd a.covo a.'1:;1osi on -~11 fours with tho fc,cts· in this cr..so. Tho doooc.sot ivru.S not :;_wohil)i tocl 1:;y tl:.o dofonc1.D.nt .~ f'ron tho w2,ll of tl:c clofonclnnt' s pror:rl.sos ju.st like in ,G_ow);} ~ c;oinc; -to ..... l '\ 02.sc. Thcxo wM nothi11[; to J.)l.'cvcnt tl:.c doooe,soc7- rer,chinc; tho 1;nll just like in Gouch I s 02,s o. However tl:.e clocc2.,soc'_ WES not 2,llowoc"'.. to clinb on the . Gouc::J.:' s cc,sc; ancl tho wn.11 1rr.'..S of a. clir:.1l)cblo wo.11, Q.Gr.in just lil!e in heij:1t like in GowJ.:. 1 s ce,Sc whore tho trucks coulcl co cli □l;oc'.. Tho cleoonsoC:. Gout):' s oc,Bo • • .·,. th2-t tho docc,•,socl clintccl £n'tho wr,llo . wr,s too younc to ronlise th2-t it wr,s dnngcrous to clinb tho w-2,11, just like in In our case it is even bettor l)ocauso there is no ovidoncc -~ \ll' . ... .. ~ If wo 50 by tho 1."02.soninc in a;~i;h' s 02,se with which I Q...::;roe, then tho cloccasod wc.s not D, t:;:'esp2.ssor if ho wr,s str,ndilr or ;12,yinc ~102-r tho wni~ wLicL col:I;r•j_)Scc., nnc"'.. oven if ho hr:.c. oli1:foocl tho 1mll bocc..uso Lo •• Wc:,s not c t~ospc.ssor D,b initio a.ru:l ho ioulc"'.. not h2.vo bocono 2... tros:pe,ssor ju.st 1.Joco.,usc ho olinl)ocl on tho wo.11 ( if 2,t o..11 ho clic:. so) o In Gouc):l' s 02-so tho inf".':.nt wc,s halt to be a. licence r2-tl:.c:r then r, tros]_)2,sso::.~.. I woulc. holc1.. tho clooce,sod in tl:is 02.so to h2.,vc :)con n licence ns well. •• • • Tb.a thirc'. issue is whether tho dofonc"'..c,~~c:. any c"luty io tho deconsocJ.. 1 • • •Sincc tho clccoc.soc':. wo..s n. licqmcsoo thon ol:.yiply tlic clofoncn.nt owed. hin n c11.1ty c;:Qocially 1Jcc.:,use there wc,s e,, ooncoa.ll'cl source of crnc;oro '.l1ho . nutho:i..'itios citcc1.. a1Jovo clcm·ly show thr,t tho ,i_ofonc.c,nt owes c. c.ut3r -.o a licensee. Go:qgl:.. 1 s 02-so hole''.. s_o~ • • c __ -.,_ - . . - ..},, ... ~,.,,,_,,,• · TJ:io fourtl:. issue is w~.:othq;i. ·.~tt1!.ffi'i colla.l)SOC.. o,s 2.. rosiu. t of' excessive force e,:pplioc1 to it (lf)l,:-{~titb- it collo.i)SOc7.. duo to an inhci~nt clcfcct. • • .., 0 ... '\ (; 0 \ .' C· . .",i ,. ! .. L. J. " 0 " 0 • 0 : 0- • -0 0 0 0 . 0 .§,,•;<:?ti' ,,.~• . 0 ('~. •1fb•~ . c.:, .. • 0 . ,, '1 ,.,; ..... r,a.• .ii: ' ~- 11 Evic'ccnco wc.,s civon 6on ;.;ol:n.lf of tl:o plaintiff thr,t tho wnll hc-.c. crooks enc. 1-r2,s c.ofcc~voo ~ . Tho c1..o.fonc:cnt on tho oth9r l::.anc1 avcrrocl thc..t tl:.o . - .. f • plo..intiff., su1;nittocl thc.t .... . . ,- wn.11 1-ms not defective. tJ20 ru.,. m.,inr, for tho wmic;ht of o. l:.2..nc'.:f\.u of cl::.ilch'on,1woulcl not a":.kc c. (jltrone :2-11 o~lla.1:,so nnc. t~tt-t colln.psoc1.. boce,uso it wc..s clofoctivoo • fiSj_)OC" C.GJ."OO •witL Ni· c,,J,,.TJ.::im that tho wall wa,s c1..ofoctivo Iaswould, • with tho witnossaa fo::..· tl:.o plc.intiff stc.to~bocc~uso •• not collq_:>sc so cr:.sily l::;occuso • if is conr..1011 knowloclco tb.ct/n-Rn would of tl:.c woiGllt of a. tnnc:ful of children, ,; • Tho lo.st issue is on clwnc.ccs. Tho r>la.iniilff. Is a.skinc; :fo d.nnneos • not c:zococ.il'lG shs 600,000/-0 Tho plnintiff is corto,inly cnti tlod to • dcrevs ii In Ducklc,nci~ -1,_ 9)).i'.Lcli'£.t'd G2,S L;r},._t p,nd Coko Co; Lt c.o tho • :Qlc::.intiff W2.0 c.wo..rc..oc:.. £200. Tb.c.t W2,S int1949• Tho lOGJ.'nod Jucco ' • WI . ~onsidorod. thc.t tho c..occasoc. \·rho w2,s c. girl r.ss:1.stoc1.. ho:r p2.:torits'-in ..... ,;. : l'.1 the hone n1'$, it wc.s 2,,nticipa.toc. t~1~t her gifts w~ulc. 1,J.tor Leve onnblod her to co~trituto financir,lly e,s wotlh by sorvicijs to tho household.. • I"li'pit'11"1i v, '1cshbourno {unr!o:otca) o;_ ct ~f 1='.:r~;,h 31--051 1 ol1.".1J?tcr 31 q!i Ken].) & Kenp - Tl:o Qunntu.n of Dc.,nc,ccs, Voluno 1 1 • • • tho ,aiooo.scc:. wc..s•tt 14. yoc'..r olc1 boy c.ncl the 02,,so wr.,,s docic.oc. in 1975. ~o sun of t800 nc,s ,nwo..rcloc:.o ® In Mu~,11.t32. v,Jiwc,ni {J96£il Eo;~o 171., tho c..oeccsoc. w.:,.,s a 13 ycc:.r olcl cul. • TLc oou.:rt took ju.dicia.l notioc th<1t .:":.f'-.dc~n chilc.".1~cr.. while c,t school n:ro axpootot'to o.ssi'st in• c'Lonostic -work c.nc1 a.ftor sctool on r;u.iro.11[; onploynont to cont:ril)uto t·o,m.rc.s tho ffiinton::moo of tl:.0 -~ accorclinGly ~ ti ~ fr,nilyJ the aoth.01~ to•cl:1DQ.(50S for loss of sorvicoo ::me., tJ::.o e;irl I s c;;.~o.ndpc:.ronts wore cnti tlod. 11!} .•., The sun of sl:.S. 13~740/c m:s r-1-12,rd.oc.. • • " • This we,s in 1963. • . &.. In tho :present 02,so, tl:.c a.coic~ont occurocl in 19G8.,,Tho sruo pl'inciplo ,.. 1 i,..,, -.. . ccs~s oi toe:. o,bovo o.pply in this onsc • in tho To-CD.y is 1SS2 r,nc,_ tl:.o plo..ipt:i.ff,.is p1~n.yinc fo1~ t~no1,2,l &.'1.mtos not oxcocclinc shso6000;000/ =• In ell tho oo.sos citocl cl)ovo, wh11t ·wo,s c,wc.rc..oc1 woulc:. be well ovo1• shs. 6ofJ,ooo/ = todD.y., Tho clococ.,scC: wGS in sohool c-,nc. llc woulc. :>) • • orpcctoc. toimvo~btc.inoc"':. onployr.iont just like t;.10 nc;:ibors of his .. fc.Dily • 1 olf'sb.t 600,000/ = woulcl not in □y,;fow 116 on tho h~1 sido considering sun .. • •Tho . ·◄ tho oircuosta.noos in this . c],soo I thcrcf;ro . ·•. enter juc.cncnt for tLo pl(;..intiff • • , ~ in tt.c sun of shs. 600,oor/ = plus ~sts ~~d.-~r.:rt;c~~s_t n.:t CO\-i..rt' s •rc-.to :f'ro□ tho . !.~. !fa\' • "-· ' • )..-~ .. c1.D.to of juc"l['.,nont till po..ynont o • • ~ ..' • ' ,,.. .. ---·-~~- ~-· ~ i~,~-- - . '::~~:<-: ··. ,:,: __________ . tJUIXJE . . 3.f,92 .... i . • .COtJ!!.Ts. Dcli:voroc1• in COl.ll."'t •.,.. ~ ,,,....,,,...--- ···· --~---- -·· - ~ • .. ~ • : : ~:~~~;ualtt.~ sorvoo, •r• TullL'.~:tt:· \··::-... · • • . JUDGE : 3.7.92. \ \ • • • '.,. r- .•_:.. /;4'1 •. . t' ~· • • • ... • • • •• • • • • ·• .- ' • 0 • •• . • • (- • ..'~ • .r' •• • . ·. . --• ~ ... :-~-~ •.,--•·• ·- • • • o· C' •••• 6 .. • • ''. 0 '• • • • 0 0 G \, • .. • , .' • \ ' .;j~ . •' ": ~~~ • •'~ /') t • • • • ' • • ._. \' f• \ • • • \ () . •