19940530 TZHC Dodoma
The trial magistrate erred by shifting the burden of proof to the accused; the prosecution failed to prove the case beyond reasonable doubt.
Source-derived case information.
- Citation
- 19940530 TZHC Dodoma
- Parties
- Appellant: Yu.SU,fu Jt:ihO; Respondent: Danyibanvi Cooperative Society of Mpwapwa District
- Court
- TZHC
- Jurisdiction
- Tanzania
- Judgment Date
- 30 May 1994
- Procedural Posture
- Criminal Appeal / Judgment
- Outcome
- appeal allowed
- Legal Topics
- Burden of Proof, Embezzlement, Cooperative Societies
- Source Language
- en
Source-derived case record
Summary, issues, holding and outcome
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Parties
Yu.SU,fu Jt:ihO
Appellant
Danyibanvi Cooperative Society of Mpwapwa District
Respondent
Procedural Posture
Criminal Appeal / Judgment
Legal Issues
- 1 Whether the appellants were properly convicted for theft from the cooperative society
- 2 Whether the prosecution discharged its burden of proof
Ratio Decidendi
The trial magistrate erred by shifting the burden of proof to the accused; the prosecution failed to prove the case beyond reasonable doubt.
Court Disposition
appeal allowed
Orders
- convictions quashed
- sentences set aside
Full Case Text
Judgment text and source record
1 paragraphs
;o.~ ~ ~cm eoo~:.:T c;:;;ii ~~ s£ DQDOIIL::. ~B]lllJ" IaJSil'OL • • ., • d' •ti 1' 0 • V0l'SV.S .... 11!<:LJ:: :~1.LlJL!C • • o o o o e • , , • :;]ES];-Ol'iIG_, .,.___ . ., . ,.___ . ,------... .---~--11111••""'"•-- & ,. ·£.-.l •~-.iw::.vi;ttcL••L \1¥., · 'f ft~ · 1·"" , ,T l v· n G M ]J - -·\ . .·♦ ... .. ,. ·, '. ~-_.pp. " ' - ~ l ~ ~ 8~.b~ s;f-r, ~~~ fJ.tld. • 0 • • Yu.SU,fu ~ Jt:ihO (! a.~pellr::.nt} have t.2..eu tuo ai,?41.l.o ~~ ~.lb, 1C!.L 1SSA.. ~~ ~ - we::.·e · toth jointly ohra,~ ~ . o ~ b1 ~...nt o/as 265 and 271 of -the !?oncl ~ ~,• 1.IS, ~~ _ tl.1'ily we:i:'e Gc:·.oll sa:;.1tenced to :f'ivo y e ~ ~ ~ i n c ~-L'~Qib1~ e'Aa_ ~ G ' . -~~~•·-now Tlio p~·osecution-' C0,se was sim:f)ie.- Both a.J?pellz.nts w~c-':;.. ~ ein,ployeea of' Dc:1.n,yiba.2\Yi Cooperative 8ocioty of Mp,m,pwa llis~:l.et., the 1 st a.ppelJ.o.nt W'cl,S thG Secreto.i·y 111.J.ile the rd ~pelh'.llt UO,I! the Chairman. The s:1icl cooperative societJ• h.s.d. a ba.nlc eaviX1Gs ~ount . with tJle ~ • a . t iv.e 612d ~ lleve.lO:PLlent Ile.rik ( a.·;:~,:o.t-, ~\r ~ J3oth a.r,pcllc:.nts uere Bank Sicnato:des tc> i:het bank ~mot. I1Q11ever ~ d i n g to t!:.c ·accountant with Co'.::'..,l)'.13~ at Dodom2. one It:, IIo.ssan.i s/e Mwasomola. (1>1i.3), th.e two a:ppelL:?..11ts could not withdro:w tho - .. money until they· shewed the Minutes of tho mee-ting of th.a exec1.,:tive eommittea of tho said 0eoperc:1,tive society whi0h e.uthel'ie~s t;ie withdraw . ~f noney f:rom t:.,.c bank for a pe,.rticuJ.::-x• 1~1xi:-:,ose. It was oo;x,,on grov.nd at the tl:'i;:,,l t1:!. ·.t on 18e 12.1S~1 tl:::.e ~CZ,l'\Yi. ~;i;,~;;.tivQ 9Qil~" ~i'V'..d E - . ~ 4! sb.se 47',~; · after the:i:.:- _ ~or w.:,s so1ie.-• .~The t10110~:- uits · der:oa:i. tea. 0-t thoi:i:' c,::~eDtP, 7 sevings aocotm,6-we,t Dodor:a. It ~-rc.s t;.10 ~~oiaacuti~ <>o.ia~ 2,t ~10 tri~ th.at!:. .the ~a~:,::,01J.2J~t;: -,Tl L~~,; ~: .,;,t G:Ql1ey :C'ror.1 the nccount cm left E,.'. ~Io :rslJ. Kue.:'.,f.:e, (!r!. 1 ) i.,'1.spec be.. Lo '.: oaks ?f ci.QOQUi,'l ta of ~:'~ ~w-o 2,:;_"l:_,~3].l;;,.ntso :a ,,;'.$ :_'.::"u6L • ~,}• ''i . ~ , .._ .. t t.1J.0 two apr,011211-te !1.6,d . •· ·I,,.. ••• . flf J:L-svreve.:- it m:r;,s the defen0e Oaso a£ faG tri.u that -the;f d)tua.11.y told the el.l"tz.Ott'i-f:ia$ .ooric~nad t.112-t the.y l1.ad used the Benoy to ·p;:.~ the debts of the coopere,tive society, 1,ut the authorities would not listen., In actua:L :faot th.a -tvro appelle..nts uei•o supported by tb.o Coopero.tiye Jn_gpge taJ: ~. :: o7 oN., Kusr:::ga. {D:{.1) wio allrli tt<3d. their hool;: oi' e.o<?ounts 4 That Coo]!8rc:ti-..r0 Inspectoi, told th.e t<.:-:i.v,l CN:J:'t th2-.t tho .1:,ooks of account& of the two appe1l(·,11ts showed that sb.so 464, 700/= Wc,s pci.d to some ,;o named. pex ao:.'le (names d£ th.o p01' so.net ,10:..'&i\ il:J. 'book.e.. c>'Z w ~~Ei) who we:i'.'e inde1iteci ·oy the CoopGrativ-0 Society,, The 'books o:f -~~s also showed t:0.2-,t shso 15 Jooo/= W8,S r:,dd. to :Eanyiu:i,nyi villt:~E) Ocl:ll'.IC.il. who owed t.!:.o ]>,n~bz.n,vi Coo_pG:l'ative Society, That e:xr,10.na.tioit ~s ~ o q . lW i°J).e t.ro e,ppel18.nts 2,t t:10 t_•j_~~:l on oc·.th.i· ~ 1e,:-x~ -tr:ia.l }fa..zistr-·,.te w~s. ut' 1-.b.o Viaw <er,h."'i;. 1,hd~ e;~i~li::i~s had "'j 1£%:1 fu 1?:i:bve tl1::,.t theji" ,-,ra:;:-o innooe>'lto He held th:.,,t tl10 two a:ppaJ.J.e.,nts sl.,.ouJ.d h2.ve p?oduced in cond t~10 :payment vouc:.i.0i·s rf.t.1ich wero used to ' ·o"2:,· t11e del.~tors., . ~- . ~ - ' So h0 concluded that. ~ t.l.~ :fa.iled k ~ ~so pr.-.J"L1on-t. vouchers 9 then t:.:e;y ::.:-.c:,d failed to 1x.:ovo -e10,t ·'Ir ~ ... -=~ Ul1'100Qoo e.nd. 60 he ~onvicted. tlwr,. The 3fo,t:J ~ ttoxney Kr .. 1-Iwsr.:::m did. not si.1.p:9oi~t tb.o convictions Ql'ld. i tllj.nk vcrr-:j rightly so.. It is a, o;·.1.·clincl pi·inoiple ef crir:1inal lew thct it is on -the. W.OSGQUt.io:Q. "to 11:.:·o-vu 41b.1:~ leJe,sa ~i,899. PlJ,Y reei.s,2,na.'bl,e doubt• :l;j::ie. ~t~ is ncveJ..' on the £..Ccv.s'3d +.o ~ th~· L"'l.,.'1.00onceo So the trisJ. Ik.ci::ri~L':'•t0 [).'ossly erred 1r-w:1 he held t::.12.t tJ.:>.:J tuo 2..ooused failod. -to 1~a.v0 4':l::.eiX in,nooence 1;ecatse they had not ru:oclucod the requisi ta pc.,y1..'l01rl vouchers.. It ,-..2-s on t::ie r,:;.10sec1.i_tion to 1;:1:,:-ce the pc1,ym~1i! vouc)..i.o:,:s "'hicb. tl:.e two a::,;pel:::., :1to sd.d were wi tl:•. t::0.e District Uj2.maa. and "G::i~,.:i.:i:-iko. Of:ficoo Even if the pa,yraent voucl:,a:;:-s we:.~e not trs.ced b3; t.l: .0 p:;.•osooutj_onj it was inctu.1~~:fmt u:;,on the p~oseQ\.i.tion to 1 t 1:1e ocll those persons w!10 w0;i.•0 nc..1,rnecl 2.s ;1-:::.id., ;:,,s wi tnessos fo~ proeeoution so thc:,t they could den;~r t~.. ;:,,t thG;r i:rex'e not J,2,id. It wae not fox tho r:,ccused to call t:rn,:o The a..ccuse0.. hz,d ~02:.dy .:;iven the ne.mes of ~1.0 :;.~a.,;rees to the Coor:o::.:-e.tive Inspector, &:,11c':. f.,.r:·,t i-To,G enough, On this o.•ound alon0 the 2.113::;c3J. J.12,s to 1)e sJ.loued. TJ.1.ol'O is ;.",leQ ?.not~_.:,r no-iy,t, in i\-:vui.T of .tho tuo 2,:_~:poll ·.-~ .. ,. Tlle St0,t0 ..::.. tt01..:1oy ~t.·. l\~wc.;::1'::: l: -,.; "" ·'.'." :£. out th:-,.t since t;,10 tuo C}?p0ll2.nts 001.i.J.cl not ·id t:-.-::l.raw r.:,on02· f:C-.>l: t:_.:.;:) terJc unlcso t'Io;;··· l12.d r-:i:inutes ism.1.oc1• r,:.1rl sicnr-?c'l_ 1~;:,. t:' o e::.~co-;,,.t,i-;,:, oor:;:,i ttee of tl.o ooopcrc1tive ;:,ociot~, o.t.1.t?·:.o::isi;.1c t~:.0 v!it:icb.•2,w':-, '·'·.0°1 ·Lo t-wo c,ppoll2.:;.1ta oo.lmot bo :.:.old. to l~,r:i.vo stole?, t'..10 ::1::me~ tl-..:;.~- :.:i.c·,t. lr~ir.f'l.111,r wi t};;cc,wn• I o,~ee '-:Jl'ti.1iv ~#,~-b&.lm !'~{~\ ~t.1-rM~Y ".: q" C'".i~-~c,+~,. ' '•'10 i:16'M·, ~r'id1~t !Ui':1 t:u.i JtJ!ih1i:rnm 'hi;,-;, OHi~.i ~'.;m ' ' 'I ·• ···~•-~.;- •,'!ii\'V~ P~~-'~"* ,I. t } '~ ('.i i~ !)_,~ a . In +,hr-> O"<rGn-tJ tho ~pe>;:i.1. mu.s·b suoeood.., T'.\o i,.~ :r: .. "•1. ,;1 ~,;:·- ~,r., t.h ;::.:;,:;_:nJ.:..c::.,.•:s c:~o e,llo,re:l, T.hei.r oonviotions 8:.:'0 quashed a..'1Cl theix sentences a.ro set aside., They should be ::..'eleasod fo:i:thwi th unless held for cny ot~. .er offence o 1 OrdeJ:> accoJ?(lingly .. - ------,-:--::.,,..~•:..-- ~- -·. \ r'j .f ~-·· ,.J:· ·. ~ ~~-: ~ .--~,~-~~~~;~, ~---~---~- (J .,Lo ~'1.! .. LDw,:,.r,,_,_) JUDGE 30/5/1$94 p:;:ooscncc o:f the tuo e,r,p0ll;;;:1ts 2.r1d 11::i'c Mwc:Dbe Ste.to .i::..tto:.:-noy fo:r- tho :,:cpt.f;lic,. JlJDGE 30/5/1ss4