[2008] UGHC 34

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CAUSE NO. 128 OF 2008 \par IN THE MATTER OF SECTION 36 OF THE JUDICATURE ACT CAP.13 \par AND \par IN THE MATTER OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL OF THE \par UGANDA POLICE FORCE TO DISMISS AIP JUSTUS KABAGAMBE \par FROM THE UGANDA POLICE FORCE \par AND \par IN THE MATTER OF AN APPLICATION FOR THE PREROGATIVE ORDERS OF CERTIORARI AND PROHIBITION \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2623460 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8944457\charrsid2623460 \par AIP JUSTUS KABAGAMBE :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: APPLICANT \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2623460 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8944457\charrsid2623460 VERSUS \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2623460 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8944457\charrsid2623460 THE INSPECTOR GENERAL \par OF THE UGANDA POLICE FORCE ::::::::::::::::::::::::: RESPONDENT \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6238224\charrsid2623460 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8944457\charrsid2623460 BEFORE HON. JUSTICE V. F KIBUUKA MUSOKE \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8944457\charrsid2623460 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6238224\charrsid2623460 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8944457\charrsid2623460 RULING: \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8944457\charrsid2623460 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2623460 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8944457\charrsid2623460 The applicant was until 15}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid8944457\charrsid2623460 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8944457\charrsid2623460 October, 2008, a police officer within the Uganda Police Force. He held the rank of Assistant Inspector of Police. The respondent is the commander of the Uganda Police Force, in accordance with the provisions of Article 213, of the Constitution. \par \par Through this motion, the applicant seeks two Prerogative Orders: \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8944457\charrsid2623460 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2623460 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8944457\charrsid2623460 Certiorari to call for and quash the decision of the respondent, dated 15}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid8944457\charrsid2623460 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8944457\charrsid2623460 October, 2007, dismissing the applicant from the Uganda Police Force; \par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8944457\charrsid2623460 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab} Prohibition preventing the OC, Ntinda Police Barracks from removing the Government kit from the applicant and evicting him from the Ntinda Police Barracks. \par }\pard \qj \li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid2623460 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8944457\charrsid2623460 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2623460 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8944457\charrsid2623460 The Motion is accompanied by an affidavi t in support deponed by the applicant. The respondent filed no reply to the motion. The hearing proceeded ex-parte as due service had been effected. \par \par The background to this motion appears to be that the applicant was charged and tried before the Chief Magistrate\rquote s Court at Buganda Road, in Kampala, with three criminal offences:- \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\f35\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8944457\charrsid2623460 \hich\af35\dbch\af0\loch\f35 -\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li1800\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx1800\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin1800\itap0\pararsid2623460 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8944457\charrsid2623460 Count 1 \endash Malicious damage to property \par {\listtext\pard\plain\f35\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8944457\charrsid2623460 \hich\af35\dbch\af0\loch\f35 -\tab}Count 2 \endash demanding money with menaces \par {\listtext\pard\plain\f35\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8944457\charrsid2623460 \hich\af35\dbch\af0\loch\f35 -\tab}Count 3 \endash attempted extortion. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2623460 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8944457\charrsid2623460 \par The Chief Magistrate\rquote s Court convicted the applicant of the offence s of malicious damage to property and demanding money with menaces. It, however, acquitted him of the third offence of attempted extortion. That was on 01.09.04 Vide High Court Criminal Appeal No. 47 of 2004, the applicant appealed to the High Court aga inst the convictions. He was partly successful in his appeal. The High Court set aside the conviction against the offence of causing malicious damage to property but upheld the conviction in respect of the offence of demanding money with menaces. \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3214766\charrsid2623460 On 31}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid3214766\charrsid2623460 st}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3214766\charrsid2623460 March, 06, E. S. Lugayizi, J., the head of the Criminal division of this Court, granted leave to the applicant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3159986\charrsid2623460 to file an appeal}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3214766\charrsid2623460 in the court of Appeal of Uganda, out of time. The applicant, however, failed to comp}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3159986\charrsid2623460 ly with the order of Lugayizi J.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3214766\charrsid2623460 giving h im a period of ten days within which to filed the appeal. He later secured another order from the court of appeal extending time for filing his appeal. He filed the appeal in the Court of Appeal on 15}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid3214766\charrsid2623460 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3214766\charrsid2623460 January, 2007.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8944457\charrsid2623460 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3214766\charrsid2623460 \par On 15}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid3214766\charrsid2623460 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3214766\charrsid2623460 October, 07, the following letter was written }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3159986\charrsid2623460 to}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3214766\charrsid2623460 the applicant for the Inspector General of Police. \par \par }\pard \qj \li284\ri284\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin284\lin284\itap0\pararsid2623460 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3214766\charrsid2623460 \tab }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3214766\charrsid2623460 \'9315}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid3214766\charrsid2623460 th}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3214766\charrsid2623460 October 2007 \par \tab D/AIP Kabagambe Justus \par \tab Central Police Station, \par \par Thru: The Regional Police Commander \par \tab Kampala Extra, \par \par \par DISMISSAL OF AIP KABAGAMBE JUSTUS \par You were convicted and sentenced by Buganda Road Chief Magistrate court on 01/09/2004. \par \par You are consequently dismissed from the Police Force. \par \par You will hand over all government kit and vacate the police barracks. \par \par You also forfeit any benefit from the government of Uganda. \par \par EUGENE NKORE \par FOR: INSPECTOR GENERAL OF POLICE\'94 \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2623460 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3214766\charrsid2623460 The grounds set out in the motion are, among others, that:-}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8944457\charrsid2623460 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\f35\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3159986\charrsid2623460 \hich\af35\dbch\af0\loch\f35 -\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li1800\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx1800\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin1800\itap0\pararsid2623460 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3159986\charrsid2623460 The}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3214766\charrsid2623460 decision of the Inspector General of the Uganda Police Force to dismiss the applicant before the hearing and determination of the applicants appeal which was pending before the court of Appeal was ultra vires his powers and was illegal and unconstitutional. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\f35\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3214766\charrsid2623460 \hich\af35\dbch\af0\loch\f35 -\tab} The decision of the Inspector General to dismiss the applicant was reached in excess of the jurisdiction of the Inspector General of Police and with material irregularity. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2623460 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11084498\charrsid2623460 The nature and purpose of Certiorari are very well known}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3159986\charrsid2623460 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11084498\charrsid2623460 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3159986\charrsid2623460 T}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11084498\charrsid2623460 hat Prerogative Writ of Certiorari lies, upon an application by a person aggrieved, to bring the proceedings of an inferior tribunal or body of persons or by a Public Offi cer to the High Court for review so that the Court can determine whether to quash such proceedings or decision for excess or lack of jurisdiction, or for error of law on the face of the record or for breach of the rules of natural justice or where the det ermination or decision was proved through fraud, collusion or perjury. See }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11084498\charrsid2623460 Halsbury\rquote s Laws of England, 4}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid11084498\charrsid2623460 th}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11084498\charrsid2623460 Edition, Vol. I, Paragraph 147}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11084498\charrsid2623460 . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3214766\charrsid2623460 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11084498\charrsid2623460 \par Certiorari will ordinarily lie to control an administrative deci}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3159986\charrsid2623460 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11084498\charrsid2623460 ion only to statutory authorities or bodies or per sons who are exercising statutory authority. }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11084498\charrsid2623460 R. Vs. National Joint Council For Dental Technicians Ex-Parte Neate (1953). \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11084498\charrsid2623460 The primary objection of the Prerogative Writ of Certiorari is to prevent the exercise of excessive power or to prevent the abuse of statutory authority or jurisdiction by public authorities. Certiorari aims at keeping the machinery of government operating properly according to law and in the public interest. }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11084498\charrsid2623460 Sharp Vs Welfield (1891) AC 173. \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3214766\charrsid2623460 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11084498\charrsid2623460 In the instant case, section 58, of the Police Act, Provides as follows:- \par }\pard \qj \li284\ri284\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin284\lin284\itap0\pararsid2623460 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11084498\charrsid2623460 \'93 58 Criminal Proceedings take Precedence Over disciplinary Proceedings \par If Criminal Proceedings of a nature likely to warrant disciplinary proceedings are instituted against a person subject to the code, no such disciplinary proceedings shall be taken until conclusion of the Criminal Proceedings and the determination of any appeal from those proceedings.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4208699\charrsid2623460 \'94}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11084498\charrsid2623460 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4208699\charrsid2623460 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri284\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin284\lin0\itap0\pararsid2623460 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4208699\charrsid2623460 From the provisions of the Police Act set out above, it is quite clear that the Inspector General\rquote s action or decision to dismiss the applicant from the Police Force when the applicant\rquote s appeal, against his conviction, was still pending before the Court of Appeal of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6238224\charrsid2623460 Uganda}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4208699\charrsid2623460 was ultra vires the powers given to him in the Police Act. It was illegal as on 15}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid4208699\charrsid2623460 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4208699\charrsid2623460 October, 07, the applicant \rquote s appeal was still pending before the Court of Appeal. \par \par Secondly, that decision was in excess of the powers given to the Inspector General of Police by the Police Act. The power to exercise disciplinary control over police officers is regulated by Sections 46 and 47 of the Police Act. Officers who are below the rank of fast Commissioner are disciplined by the Police Council. Since the applicant was at the rank of AIP, the only authority that could dismiss him from the Police Force was the Poli ce Council. The Inspector General of Police, although he chairs the Police Council, has no powers legally to dismiss any police officer from the Police Force, as the impugned letter seems to suggest. \par \par Neither the Police Act nor the Disciplinary Code}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3159986\charrsid2623460 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4208699\charrsid2623460 contained in the Schedule to the Police Act}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3159986\charrsid2623460 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4208699\charrsid2623460 contain any provision to the effect that where a police officer is convicted by a Court of law or the police court, he or she must be automatically dismissed from the Police Force, as the impugned letter again tends to suggest. Dismissal as a disciplinary penalty, even where a police court convicts any police officer upon a disciplinary charge, the police court can only recommend dismissal of the officer to the police council or in the case of officers above Assi}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6238224\charrsid2623460 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4208699\charrsid2623460 tant Commissioner to the Police Authority. Th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3159986\charrsid2623460 u}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4208699\charrsid2623460 s dismissal is never automatic upon conviction. \par \par Where, as in the instant case, an officer is convicted by an ordinary court of law, the question of whether he or she deserves to be dismissed from the Force is equally not }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6238224\charrsid2623460 automatic. It must be the subject of different disciplinary proceedings before the Police Council or, as the case may be, the Police Authority. \par \par At such proceedings the effected officer must be given a full hearing. The decision must }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3159986\charrsid2623460 not }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6238224\charrsid2623460 be arb itrary and oppressive as appears to have been the case with the applicant. \par \par In the circumstances, therefore, Certiorari issues. The decision of the Inspector General of Police dismissing the applicant from the Police Force on 15}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid6238224\charrsid2623460 th}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6238224\charrsid2623460 October, 07, is quashed. The applicant is still a member of the Uganda Police Force to date. He is entitled to all the benefits he was entitled to upon his interdiction and before conviction. \par \par Prohibition also issue restraining the Inspector General of Police from causing or forcing the applicant to hand over the police kit and vacate the police barracks. The applicant is to recover the costs of this application from the respondent. \par \par \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6238224\charrsid2623460 V. F. Musoke Kibuuka \par Judge \par 26-09-08 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4208699\charrsid2623460 \par }\pard \qj \li284\ri284\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin284\lin284\itap0\pararsid2623460 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8944457\charrsid2623460 \par \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2623460 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8944457\charrsid2623460 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2623460 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8944457\charrsid2623460 \par }}