[2009] UGHC 51

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\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 CIVIL APPEAL NO. 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\par {\listtext\pard\plain\dbch\af12\insrsid10433093\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 7.\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 FRED IJJO \par {\listtext\pard\plain\dbch\af12\insrsid10433093\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 8.\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 FLORENCE MANIA \par {\listtext\pard\plain\dbch\af12\insrsid10433093\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 9.\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ONDOA MA}{\dbch\af12\insrsid14241510\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 RY }{ \dbch\af12\insrsid10433093\charrsid1069949 \par }\pard \ql \li360\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid15034763 {\dbch\af12\insrsid15034763\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 10.}{\dbch\af12\insrsid14241510\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ONDOA MADRAMA}{\dbch\af12\insrsid10433093\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ::::::::}{\dbch\af12\insrsid14241510\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ::::::::::::::}{\dbch\af12\insrsid15034763\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ::\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 :::}{\dbch\af12\insrsid10433093\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ::RESPONDENTS \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15034763 {\dbch\af12\insrsid7693613\charrsid1069949 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15034763 {\ul\dbch\af12\insrsid7693613\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 BEFORE: HONOURABLE JUSTICE REMMY K. KASULE \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 JUDGMENT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7693613 {\dbch\af12\insrsid7693613\charrsid1069949 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15034763 {\dbch\af12\insrsid7693613\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The appellant, dissatisfied with t\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 he judgment and }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6357717\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 decree given by the Magistrate Grade I, Moyo, dated 25.01.2008}{\dbch\af12\insrsid14241510\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{ \dbch\af12\insrsid6357717\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 appealed to this court against the said judgment and decree. In the court below appellant was plaintiff and respondents defendants.}{\dbch\af12\insrsid7693613\charrsid1069949 \par }{\dbch\af12\insrsid6357717\charrsid1069949 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The appeal is premised on four grounds: \par {\listtext\pard\plain\dbch\af12\insrsid9572154\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-525\li885\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx885\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin885\itap0\pararsid15034763 { \dbch\af12\insrsid9572154\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 T}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6357717\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 h\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 e trial Magistrate erred in law and in fact in holding that the Respondents are in lawful occupation of the suit land having adversely possessed the same, yet in fact they are trespassers on the appellant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s land and do not possess certificate of ti}{\dbch\af12\insrsid9572154\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 t}{\dbch\af12\insrsid6357717\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 le to t\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 hat effect. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\dbch\af12\insrsid13448573\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 2.\tab}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid13448573\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The trial Magistrate erred in law and in fact when he failed to address himself to the law that the certificate of Title is conclusive evidence of ownership. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\dbch\af12\insrsid13448573\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 3.\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The trial Magistrate erred in law and fact in rea}{\dbch\af12\insrsid14241510\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ch}{ \dbch\af12\insrsid13448573\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ing his judgment in total disregard\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 of the evidence adduced by the appellant and her witnesses, reflecting an element of bias and that occasion}{ \dbch\af12\insrsid14241510\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ed }{\dbch\af12\insrsid13448573\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 a miscarriage of justice. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\dbch\af12\insrsid13139721\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 4.\tab}}{\dbch\af12\insrsid13139721\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The trial Magistrate erred in law and in fact when he failed to address himself as to the correct procedure to be foll\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 owed during locus in quo. \par }\pard \qj \li360\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid15034763 {\dbch\af12\insrsid15861405\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 As to the fi}{\dbch\af12\insrsid15034763\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 r}{\dbch\af12\insrsid15861405\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 st ground of appeal, the appellant sued the respondents in the court below asserting that each of the respondents had trespassed on her land starting in the 1990s. }{\dbch\af12\insrsid14241510\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The}{ \dbch\af12\insrsid15861405\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 land is situate at CE}{\dbch\af12\insrsid15034763\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 L}{\dbch\af12\insrsid15861405\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ECELEA, Moyo}{ \dbch\af12\insrsid9572154\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 }{\dbch\af12\insrsid15861405\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Township, Moy\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 o District. Plaintiff prayed court to issue a declaration that she is the lawful owner of the suit land and that the respondents are trespassers. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 That each of the respondents be evicted and their structures on the land be demolished. A }{\dbch\af12\insrsid14943843\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 permanent}{\dbch\af12\insrsid15861405\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 injunct\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ion be issued against the respondents, their agents, servants or employees to restrain them from harassing, intimidating and threatening the appellant and her family members. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Appellant also claimed general damages. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The appellant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s case at trial was that \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 she had acquired the suit land by inheriting the same from her parents who had }{\dbch\af12\insrsid9572154\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 acquired}{\dbch\af12\insrsid15861405\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 and occupied the same since 1941. They had owned the same through customary tenure. During 1980}{\dbch\af12\insrsid9572154\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 - }{\dbch\af12\insrsid15861405\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 83, as a result of civil strife in the area, those displaced from the\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ir home areas came and occupied this land. Appellant after the civil strife talked to these people and they left the suit land. \par }{\dbch\af12\insrsid9777779\charrsid1069949 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 In 1990, other people, including the respondents started occupying the land again. Appellant resisted their trespassing on he\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 r land by asking them to leave the same, but the respondents refused to do so. A number would hide from her, wherever she was around. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 In 1999, in order to protect the suit land, appellant de}{\dbch\af12\insrsid97009\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 c}{\dbch\af12\insrsid9777779\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ided to lease the same}{ \dbch\af12\insrsid97009\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}{\dbch\af12\insrsid9777779\charrsid1069949 \par }{\dbch\af12\insrsid97009\charrsid1069949 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 She applied for a lease from Moyo Town\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Council. In 2000 the land was surveyed, and in 2005 she was granted the lease over the suit land. She obtained the certificate of Title in 2006: It is Leasehold Register Volume 3712 Folio 2 Plots 2-8 CELECELEA ROAD and 1-7 and 2-8 Clement Road, Moyo T \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 o\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 wn, Moyo District. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 After being issued}{\dbch\af12\insrsid14943843\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 with a certificate of Title, appellant demanded of the respondents to vacate her land. They refused. Hence the suit.}{ \dbch\af12\insrsid97009\charrsid1069949 \par }{\dbch\af12\insrsid14943843\charrsid1069949 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 In cross examination appellant stated that she stays on the part of the suit land that is not dis\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 puted. She admitted to have found second respondent}{\dbch\af12\insrsid14241510\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 o}{\dbch\af12\insrsid14943843\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 n the suit land; and third respondent}{\dbch\af12\insrsid14241510\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 }{ \dbch\af12\insrsid14943843\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 to have come on the same land in 1981; fourth respondent,}{\dbch\af12\insrsid14241510\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 }{\dbch\af12\insrsid14943843\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 to have been on the land in 1996/97. Appellant had not compensated any of the respondents}{\dbch\af12\insrsid14241510\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{\dbch\af12\insrsid14943843\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 as being tresp\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 assers, she had no cause to. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The respondents testified individually in their defence. They also called witnesses: DW2, Deba Lasuwa, and DW12: Owonzi Rigobert, to support their defence. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The essence of the }{\dbch\af12\insrsid5319558\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 respondents}{\dbch\af12\insrsid14943843\charrsid1069949 \loch\af0\dbch\af12\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 defence being that the suit land or\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 iginally belonged to the Moipi clan, and through succession over a number of generations, the said land came to be owned in portions by several families within the Moipi clan namely }{ \dbch\af12\insrsid13655212\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 (1) Ayile, (2) Israel, (3) Ruberto Madrama (4) Alesiyo Wiri, (5) Anjella I\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 zama and (6) Akilo Igu, the father of the appellant. The distribution of the land to the six families was made in the 1960s by Lasuwa Guma, father of PW2 and DW2.}{\dbch\af12\insrsid14943843\charrsid1069949 \par }{\dbch\af12\insrsid13655212\charrsid1069949 \par }{\dbch\af12\insrsid5319558\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Akilo Igu\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 \hich\f0 s land comprised only a part of the suit land: it measured about 1\'bd\loch\f0 acres and th\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 is part of the land is being occupied by the appellant undisturbed. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The respondents}{\dbch\af12\insrsid14241510\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{\dbch\af12\insrsid5319558\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 over time}{\dbch\af12\insrsid14241510\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{\dbch\af12\insrsid5319558\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 settled on the rest of the land}{\dbch\af12\insrsid14241510\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{\dbch\af12\insrsid5319558\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 other than that of appellant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 \hich\f0 s portion of 1\'bd\loch\f0 acres}{\dbch\af12\insrsid14241510\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{\dbch\af12\insrsid5319558\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 through }{\dbch\af12\insrsid15034763\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 succession}{\dbch\af12\insrsid5319558\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 or donation or outright }{ \dbch\af12\insrsid15034763\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 p}{\dbch\af12\insrsid14241510\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 urchase}{\dbch\af12\insrsid5319558\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 during the period 198 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 4 to 2004, without any one claiming to them that they were on the land unlawfully. Indeed in respect of }{\dbch\af12\insrsid14241510\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 first respondent}{ \dbch\af12\insrsid5319558\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , Mawadri Draga Geoffrey, appellant offered to compensate him so that appellant could use his part of the land for purpose of setting u\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 p a Nursing school. After agreeing in writing to compensate, appellant failed to pay the agreed upon sum of money of compensation. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 All respondents contended that none of them ever consented about the surveying of the land upon which they are settled and \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 none consented}{\dbch\af12\insrsid149276\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 to the said land being leased to the appellant. }{\dbch\af12\insrsid5319558\charrsid1069949 \par }{\dbch\af12\insrsid149276\charrsid1069949 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The trial Magistrate, framed the issue, whether the respondents were }{\dbch\af12\insrsid15034763\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 lawfully}{\dbch\af12\insrsid149276\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 on the suit land, and evaluate evidence before him from both the plaintiff\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s and defence sides. He particularly \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 noted that the }{\dbch\af12\insrsid15034763\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 respondents}{\dbch\af12\insrsid149276\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 and their predecessors-in-title- had}{\dbch\af12\insrsid4394762\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{\dbch\af12\insrsid149276\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 over along time 1981-1998}{\dbch\af12\insrsid4394762\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{\dbch\af12\insrsid149276\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 been offered renewable leases by Moyo Town Council, to which council the }{\dbch\af12\insrsid15034763\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 respondents}{\dbch\af12\insrsid149276\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 paid annual ground}{ \dbch\af12\insrsid15034763\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 }{\dbch\af12\insrsid149276\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 rent. Further, trial court also noted that all respondents \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 had put developments on the suit land by way of houses, planted trees, developed gardens, and some had fenced their plots. Court also considered the evidence of PW2, DW2 and DW12, s}{\dbch\af12\insrsid683851\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 how}{\dbch\af12\insrsid4394762\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ing}{\dbch\af12\insrsid149276\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 the original customary owners of the suit land, the Moipi clan, and\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 concluded that given their years at the time of testifying in court, PW2, must have been an infant, while DW2 was 15 years, and for that reason, }{\dbch\af12\insrsid4394762\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 DW2 }{ \dbch\af12\insrsid149276\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 was aware of what took place as to the distribution of the suit land}{\dbch\af12\insrsid4394762\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 while PW2 could not have been aware a \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 s he was too young}{\dbch\af12\insrsid149276\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 \hich\f0 . Indeed the acreage of 1\'bd\loch\f0 acres of land given to the appellant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s father, matched well with the acreage of the undisturbed la}{\dbch\af12\insrsid683851\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 n}{\dbch\af12\insrsid149276\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 d, the appellant }{ \dbch\af12\insrsid7700158\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 was occupying. The trial magistrate thus }{\dbch\af12\insrsid998606\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 preferred}{\dbch\af12\insrsid7700158\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 to believe the evidence of DW2 and DW12 to\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 that }{\dbch\af12\insrsid4394762\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 of }{\dbch\af12\insrsid7700158\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 PW2. }{\dbch\af12\insrsid998606\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 After}{\dbch\af12\insrsid7700158\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 evaluating the whole evidence the trial magistrate held that the respondents had acquired and were lawfully on the suit land.}{\dbch\af12\insrsid149276\charrsid1069949 \par }{\dbch\af12\insrsid7700158\charrsid1069949 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 This court has also reviewed and subjected the evidenc}{\dbch\af12\insrsid998606\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 e on record to a re-evaluation and notes that there wa\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 s no explanation as to why Moyo Town Council granted renewal leases, and accepted ground}{\dbch\af12\insrsid9461711\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 }{\dbch\af12\insrsid998606\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 rent from respondents, if}{\dbch\af12\insrsid4394762\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{\dbch\af12\insrsid998606\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 all along}{\dbch\af12\insrsid4394762\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{ \dbch\af12\insrsid998606\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 the appellant was the owner of the land occupied by respondents. The lack of any evidence by way of explanation of this tends to\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 show that Moyo Town Council did not know and did not regard the appellant as owner of the suit land. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Further, this court}{\dbch\af12\insrsid9461711\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{\dbch\af12\insrsid4394762\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 received }{\dbch\af12\insrsid9461711\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 no explanation of appellant as to how she came to have the land surveyed and to have a lease on the suit land}{\dbch\af12\insrsid15034763\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 }{\dbch\af12\insrsid9461711\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 granted to he\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 r, without both the appellant and controlling authority, first contacting the respondents, who were already on the suit land together with their developments. Yet the appellant agreed that the majority of respondents were already on the suit land in 1996 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 when she started the process of acquiring a lease. In the considered view of court, there was unlawful suppression of the interests of the respondents in the suit land in granting a lease to respondents.}{\dbch\af12\insrsid7700158\charrsid1069949 \par }{\dbch\af12\insrsid9461711\charrsid1069949 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Therefore this court, on reviewing the evidence ad\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 duced before the trial court, comes to the same conclusion}{\dbch\af12\insrsid4394762\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{ \dbch\af12\insrsid9461711\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 as the trial court}{\dbch\af12\insrsid4394762\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{\dbch\af12\insrsid9461711\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 that the respondents established, on a balance of probabilities, that each one of them was lawfully on the suit land. \par }{\dbch\af12\insrsid11892395\charrsid1069949 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The first ground of appeal fails. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 As to the second groun\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 d of appeal, that the trial magistrate failed to address himself to the law that the certificate of title is conclusive evidence of ownership, the law is section 59 of the Registration of Titles Act, Cap 230. \par }{\dbch\af12\insrsid9708942\charrsid1069949 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 A certificate of title is conclusive evidence \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 of ownership of the suit property, unless its being obtained is due to proved fraud, lack of consideration or illegality: see }{ \ul\dbch\af12\insrsid9708942\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 HARIPRASAD RAMABAI PATEL VS. BABUBHAI KALIDAS PATEL (1}{\ul\dbch\af12\insrsid683851\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 99}{\ul\dbch\af12\insrsid9708942\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 2 \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0 1993) HC}{\ul\dbch\af12\insrsid4394762\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 B}{\ul\dbch\af12\insrsid9708942\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 137. \par }{\dbch\af12\insrsid9708942\charrsid1069949 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 On the evidence adduced at trial}{\dbch\af12\insrsid4394762\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{\dbch\af12\insrsid9708942\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 }{\dbch\af12\insrsid4394762\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 the lease}{\dbch\af12\insrsid9708942\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 was grante\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 d and a lease hold title was issued to appellant, without in any way affording any hearing to the respondents as tenants in occupancy of the suit land. This was illegal and fraudulent. The appellant procured registration to defeat the unregistered inter \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 e\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 sts of the respondents which interests she had knowledge of: see KATARIKAWE V KATWIREMU AND ANOTHER: HC. C. S. NO. 02 OF 1973: SEE ALSO: MARKO MATOVU & OTHERS V. MUHAMED SSEVIRI AND ANOTHER: CIV}{ \dbch\af12\insrsid14888236\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 I}{\dbch\af12\insrsid9708942\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 L APPEAL NO. 7 OF 1978 \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Therefore for purposes of this appeal f\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 or the reasons given, it cannot be said that the appellant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s leasehold certificate of title is free of fraud and illegality. This court therefore declines to hold that the said certificate of title extinguishes the rights of the respondents as tenants in\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 occupancy of the suit land. It is up to the respondents whether they take further court action to have the said certificate of title quashed by reason of }{\dbch\af12\insrsid4394762\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 the said }{ \dbch\af12\insrsid9708942\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 fraud and illegality. \par }{\dbch\af12\insrsid5712605\charrsid1069949 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The second ground}{\dbch\af12\insrsid15034763\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 }{\dbch\af12\insrsid5712605\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 of appeal fails. \par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The third ground faults the trial\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 magistrate as having disregarded the evidence adduced by the appellant and her witnesses and thus being biased against}{\dbch\af12\insrsid15034763\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 t}{\dbch\af12\insrsid5712605\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 he appellant. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 This court has studied the record of evidence and submitted it to a fresh }{\dbch\af12\insrsid4394762\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 re-}{\dbch\af12\insrsid5712605\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 appraisal, as already indicated in this jud\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 gment. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 It is the finding of this court that the trial court properly dealt with the evidence adduced and gave logical reasons for the conclusions reached on the }{\dbch\af12\insrsid16519262\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 evidence. This court is unable to find that the trial magistrate was biased against}{\dbch\af12\insrsid15034763\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 t}{\dbch\af12\insrsid16519262\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 he appel \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 lant.}{\dbch\af12\insrsid5712605\charrsid1069949 \par }{\dbch\af12\insrsid16519262\charrsid1069949 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 There is no merit in the third ground of appeal. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The fourth ground of appeal is to the effect that the trial magistrate failed to address himself as to the correct procedure to be followed during the locus in quo. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The procedure at the locus in quo\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 is that parties and witnesses should be present, and the evidence taken there together with any oth}{\dbch\af12\insrsid15034763\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 e}{\dbch\af12\insrsid16519262\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 r observations by court should be written as part of the court record: see: ROZA MUWANGA}{\dbch\af12\insrsid4394762\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 L}{\dbch\af12\insrsid16519262\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 A VS ROZA NABIRYE: HC. C. C. A. 63 OF 1987 at Jinja, Mpagi J, 05/07/1\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 989. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 According to the original hand written record of trial court, the locus in quo was visited on 19/12/2007 in the afternoon. All parties were present, counsel for appellant was also present. The court drew a map of the suit land and indicated}{ \dbch\af12\insrsid4394762\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 in}{\dbch\af12\insrsid16519262\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 it t\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 he housing structures, sanitation structures, plants and the borders of the suit land. \par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Witnesses PW2: Vura Marcellino and DW2: Diba Lasuwe showed court the boundaries of the land of appellant and that occupied by respondents. They did so following}{\dbch\af12\insrsid4394762\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 what}{\dbch\af12\insrsid16519262\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ea\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ch one of them had testified to in court earlier. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 At}{\dbch\af12\insrsid8521438\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 the locus in quo there was no communication to court f}{\dbch\af12\insrsid14888236\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 r}{ \dbch\af12\insrsid8521438\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 om the appellant or her counsel as to any matter that appellant or her counsel may have wanted court to note or do something about. Thus appellant\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 and her counsel must be taken to have been satisfied with what went on at the locus in quo.}{\dbch\af12\insrsid4394762\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 }{\dbch\af12\insrsid12868039\charrsid1069949 \par }{\dbch\af12\insrsid1447421\charrsid1069949 \par }{\dbch\af12\insrsid12868039\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 In the considered judgment of this }{\dbch\af12\insrsid15034763\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 court}{\dbch\af12\insrsid12868039\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , there was substantial compliance with what a trial court is required to do at the locus in quo. Appellant has not sho\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 wn that any miscarriage of justi}{\dbch\af12\insrsid15034763\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 c}{\dbch\af12\insrsid12868039\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 e occurred to}{\dbch\af12\insrsid15034763\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 }{\dbch\af12\insrsid12868039\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 her prejudice while at the locus in quo.}{\dbch\af12\insrsid16003829\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Indeed even if the evidence of the locus in quo is excluded the trial court had sufficient other evidence upon which it could have come to the said conclusion. This co\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 urt having re-appraised that other evidence finds that the trial court reached the right decision. \par }{\dbch\af12\insrsid12868039\charrsid1069949 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The fourth ground of appeal also fails. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 All grounds}{\dbch\af12\insrsid9377152\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 of appeal having failed, this appeal stands dismissed.}{\dbch\af12\insrsid12868039\charrsid1069949 \par }{\dbch\af12\insrsid9377152\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The appellant is to pa}{\dbch\af12\insrsid14888236\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 y}{\dbch\af12\insrsid9377152\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 the respondents the cost\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 s of the dismissed appeal. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Remmy K. Kasule \par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Judge \par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 30}{\super\dbch\af12\insrsid9377152\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 th}{\dbch\af12\insrsid9377152\charrsid1069949 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 April, 2009}{\dbch\af12\insrsid13655212\charrsid1069949 \par }}