[1996] UGSC 8

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\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid16469618 THE REPUBLIC O}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16469618 F}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid16469618 UGANDA }{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16469618 \par }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid16469618 \line }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8587169 }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid16469618 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF UGANDA }{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16469618 \par }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid16469618 \line }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8587169 }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid16469618 AT MENGO }{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16469618 \par }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid16469618 \line (COR: }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16469618\charrsid16469618 MANYINDO, D. C. J., ODOKI, J. S. C., &TSEKOOKO, J. S. C.) \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid949736 }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16469618 CIVIL }{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid16469618 APPEAL}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16469618 }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid16469618 NO. }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16469618 9 }{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16469618\charrsid16469618 OF 1}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid16469618 994}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid8587169 {\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2645897\charrsid949736 ALFA INSURANCE CON}{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8587169\charrsid949736 SULTANTS LTD\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85..}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2645897\charrsid949736 APPELLANT \par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid8587169 {\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8587169\charrsid949736 }{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2645897\charrsid949736 -VERSUS- \par EMPIRE INSURANCE GROUP..............................................\'85.... RESPONDENT }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11810070\charrsid949736 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 (Appeal from the decision }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11810070 of the }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 H/C of Uganda by the Hon. Mr.}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11810070 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16469618 Justice J. H. Ntabgoba Principal}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11810070 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 Judge dated 16th November, 1994).}{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16469618\charrsid11810070 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid347149 \line }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid347149\charrsid347149 IN}{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11810070\charrsid347149 }{ \ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10636417\charrsid347149 CIV}{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10380170\charrsid347149 IL}{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10380170 }{ \ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10380170\charrsid5246320 SUIT}{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10380170 }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10380170\charrsid5246320 NO}{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10636417 . 79 OF}{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid347149 }{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 19}{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10636417 9}{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 3 }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10636417\charrsid347149 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid949736 \line }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10636417\charrsid949736 JUDGEMENT OF MANYINDO, D. C. J. \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 The Appellant Company has brought this appeal against the judgment of the Principal Judge of the High Court, Mr. Justice Ntabgoba, di}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2645897 smissing their suit against the }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 Respondent. The Appellant }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid10636417 Company}{ \i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 is an Insurance Broker while the Respondent is }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10636417\charrsid5246320 Insurance}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 Company. Both are based in Kampala where they carry on their businesses. The}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2645897 Appellant sued the Respondent for a sum}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 of }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2645897\charrsid5246320 Shs}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 . }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid2645897 15,049,344/}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2645897 =}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 being the balance on their commission for brokerage work they did for the Respondent. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2645897 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 The Appe11ants case in the High Court was that sometime }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2645897 in 1990, its Director, Vincent Mu1indwa (PW}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 1), approached the American Embassy in Kampala and sold to them the idea of putting in place an Insurance scheme for the Embassy staff. The Embassy showed }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2645897\charrsid5246320 interest}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 in the m}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid2645897 atter and so the parties began }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 negotiations on a suitable package for the insurance policy cover. Subsequently the Embassy agreed (in 1991) to take o ut a major group medical insurance scheme for its staff. Mr. Mulindwa then started looking for a suitable Insurance Company to undertake the risk. He approached three different Companies, including the Respondent. Different rates were offered by those Com panies. Mr. Mulindwa decided that the Respondents terms were the best for his client, the Embassy. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid13923841 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 \line According to the Respondents terms, the Insurance policy was to be in three p}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8799192 arts, namely, for the cover of:- \par \line (a) Department of}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 state}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8799192 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid949736 }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8799192 Sh}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 s}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8799192 . 31,633,220/= }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 \line (b) }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8799192 U. S. A. I. D. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid949736 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8799192 Shs. 20,762,500/=}{ \b\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 (c) Security Forces}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8799192 }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid347149 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8799192 Shs. 43,000,000/}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 = \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8799192 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid949736 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 TOTAL Shs. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid8799192 95}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid949736 ,}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8799192\charrsid8799192 365}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid949736 ,}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8799192 720/}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid8799192 =}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 }{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8799192 \par }{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 Mr. Mulindwa put those proposals to the Embassy which accepted them. The Respondents were informed of that and they agreed to undertake the risk. The policy was to be issued in two covers. The first was for Shs. 52,149,720}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8799192 /=}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 in respect of the first two categories of staff mentioned above; the second one for Shs. 43,000,000/= was for the Security Forces. The first cover was issued on 14.1.92 and the second one on 26.5.92. The respondent collected the insured sums directly from the Embassy and without reference to the Appellant. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8799192 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 \line According to the Appellant, their broker commission should have been }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6758454\charrsid5246320 Shs}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 . 19,079,144/= (at the rate of 20% of the full}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6758454 insured sum of Shs. 95,395,720/=), but they were paid onl}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 y }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6758454\charrsid5246320 Shs}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 . }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6758454\charrsid6758454 4,029,800/}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid6758454 =,}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 hence th}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6758454 e claim for Shs. 15,049,344/ as }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 balance. }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6758454 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 \line The respondent denied the claim. Paragraph 2 of their written St}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6758454 atement of defence stated thus: -}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6758454 \par }\pard \s15\qj \li720\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid8587169 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 \'93I}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6758454 t is denied that the Plaintiff }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 pr}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6758454 ocured the insurance policy for\line the defendant. The deal was }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 negotiated by the defen}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6758454 dant \line direct with the American }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 Embassy.\'94 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6758454 \par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid8587169 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 At the commencement of the trial of the suit Dr. Byamugisha who represented the appellant and late Mr. Kateera for the respondent agreed on two issues which they put to the court for determination. They were: }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6758454 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6758454\charrsid5246320 (1)}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6758454 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6758454\charrsid5246320 Whether}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 it was the appellant }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11810070 or }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 t}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11810070 he respondent who procured the Insurance policy with the }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 American Embassy. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6758454 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid6758454 (2)}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 If }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11810070 the policy was procured by the }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 appellant what relief were they \line entitled to? }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6758454 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 During the trial Mr. Kateera is said, by Counsel for the Appellant, to have refrained the first issue when he made this submission in his final address to court. }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6758454 \par }\pard \s15\qj \li720\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid8587169 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 \line \'93No}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16085700 w the 1st issue is misleading. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 In the absence of agreement as }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16085700 to \line th e rate and amount of the commission is the plaintiff entitled to what is reasonable }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 commission }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid6758454 on }{ \b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid6758454 Quantum }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid347149\charrsid6758454 merit}{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 }{ \b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid6758454 basis\'94.}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16085700 \par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid8587169 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 After hearing the evidence and submissions of Counsel the Learned Principal Judge cam}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16085700 e to the conclusion that Mr. Mul}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 indwa}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16085700 \rquote }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 s role in the transaction was merely to introduce the Respondent to the Embassy which fell short of full brokerage. He reasoned }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16085700 that this was so because Mr. Mul}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 indwa had not participated in the making of the final agreement between the respondent and the Embassy. He also found that the appellant had in fact introduced the respondent to the Embassy }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16085700 only in respect of the first pol}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 icy cover. }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16085700 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 On the second issue the learned Principal Judge was of the opinion that the appellant had been adequately }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11810070\charrsid5246320 remunerated}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 in the sum of }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16085700\charrsid16085700 Shs}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid16085700 .}{ \i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16085700 4,029,800/}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid16085700 =}{ \i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 at the respondent}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16085700 \rquote }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 s chosen rate of 7.7% of the insured sum on the first policy cover as he had not done full brokerage work on it. He held }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid16085700 that} {\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 the appellant company was not entitled to a commission on the second policy as i t had been negotiated or procured by the respondent directly with the Embassy. This is what he said on this point. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10035980 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 \'93To hold that the defendant should pay the Plaintiff commission on any subsequent policies underwritten by the defendant in favour of the American Embassy, following the }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10035980 introduction by Mr. Vincent Muli}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 ndwa is to suggest that the Plaintiff can even now continue to recover a commission on any other policy that may in future be underwritten by the defendant in favour of the Embassy. I reject such claim\'94.}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10035980 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 It was on that ba}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10035980 sis that he dismissed the Appell}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 ant}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10035980 \rquote }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 s suit with costs to the Respondent. This appeal is founded on five grounds. They are rather narrative and argumentative, contrary to the clear provisions of Rule 84(1) of the Rules of this Cou rt. But the complaint in those grounds can be summarised as follows:}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6825683 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 (1}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6825683 )}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6825683\charrsid5246320 The}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 learned Principal Judge did not consider the issues as agreed and }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6559520 \tab }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 framed by the counsel, but decided the case according to the issue unilaterall}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6825683 y put forward by the Respondent\rquote }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 s counsel which was wrong. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6825683 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid6825683 (2)}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid1537258 T}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 he learn}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid1537258 ed Principal Judge should have }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 found, on the evidence before him, that the appellant had procured the two policy covers and was therefore entitled to the full \line brokerage commission and at }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid1537258 20%}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 and not }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid1537258 7.7%}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8734393 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 Dr. Byamugisha who presented the appellants appeal contended that the learned Principal Judge did not when he should, answer the first agreed issue, namely, }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid1537258\charrsid5246320 and was}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 it the Appellant or the Respondent who procured the Insurance policy from the Embassy? Inst ead he had only considered the new issue raised by Mr. Kateera. It seems to me that Mr. Kateera did not in fact reframe the issue. He merely shifted from the original defence of total denial and acknowledged the fact that the appellant had indeed particip ated in the procurement of the policy. It was of course a partial concession as his new stand was that the appellant could only be paid commission on quantum meruit }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid1537258 basis,}{ \i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 that is to say, as much as the Appellant had deserved.}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid1537258 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 \line The principle of quantum meruit is applied as a possible measure of restoration in case of unjust }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12343984 enrichment}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 or measure of payment where a contract has no fixed a price. Mr. Kateera}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12343984 \rquote }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 s argument which the learned Principal Judge accepted, was that the appellant had done some little work for which he had been adequately paid, The Principal Judges answer on the fir}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12343984 st agreed issue was that Mr. Mul}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 indwa did not procure the first policy cover but merely introduced the Respondent to the Embassy; it was the Respondent which completed the deal. I do not therefore agree that the learned Principal Judge did not answer the issue in question. Whether he answered it correctly is another matter. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12343984 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 \line It is quite cl}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9643763 ear from the evidence of Mr. Mul}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 indwa that it was the appellant, through him, acting in its capacity as an Insurance Broker, which approached the American Embassy and solic}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9643763 ited the Insurance deal in terms agreed by Mr. Mul}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 indwa and the Respondent Company, through its Mr. Bwogi, who died before the trial of the suit. All the terms }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9643763 which Mr. Bwogi gave to Mr. Muli} {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 ndwa were accepted by the Embassy. It was at that stage that the Respondent chose to side step the appellant and deal with the Embassy directly. This was essentially for the purpose of signing the standard policy documents and collection o f the premium. When the appellant learnt of what had happened they claimed their commission from }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8064278 the respondent, but were paid only }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 shs. }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8064278 4,029,800/=.}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 \line }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 \line }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 The appellant then demanded the balance on commission, to which the respondent replied on }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid8064278 26.5.92}{ \i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 as foll}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8064278 ows in their letter (Exh. P.4):- \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6559520 \'93Dear Mr. Mul}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8734393 indwa, our records show that }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 you rec}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6559520 eived a total of Shs. 4,029,800/=}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 on the U. S. Embassy case, being the }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6559520 \tab \lquote Servicing Commission paid to all non-contracted}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 producers. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6559520 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 Consid}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6559520 ering your status with us (non-}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 cont racted producer), the percentage commission we paid you was substantially above normal. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6559520 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 It is a Company policy that in order to earn the full Agent/Broker }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6559520 \tab }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 Commissions, one must be under contract. Again, our records show that you }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6559520 \tab }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 and }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6559520 /or}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 your brokerage have not yet been contracted. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6559520 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 \line The purpose of the contract is to: (a) give you full representative status for the Company, (b) make sure that the company prepares you, through regular }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6559520 \tab }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 training, to attain a certain degree of professionalism, unique to all Empire Insurance agents and (c) protect and safeguard the interests of the Customer, }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6559520 \tab }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 the Agent and the Company. We want you to know that you are welcome to }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6559520 \tab }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 discuss with us the possibility of acquiring an Empire Insurance Agents contract. \line }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8734393 Best wishes. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6559520 Samuel M. Bwogi, CLU\'94. \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 In the above letter a different defence was raised by the }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6559520\charrsid5246320 Respondent that}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 the appellant had}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6559520 not been contracted for the job}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 and could not be contracted as t}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6559520 hey had not been trained for the}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 job by the Respondent }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6559520\charrsid5246320 Company}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 . It seems to me that the respondent misconceived the roles of a Broker and that an }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6559520 Agent. It was the evidence of Mr. Kizi}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 to (DW2), a General Manager of Hogg Robinson, an Insurance Broker in }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10490877\charrsid5246320 Uganda that}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 a Broker works on behalf of an insured while an Agent acts on behalf of the insuring company. This must be correct as it agrees with the definition of \'93Insurance Broker\'94 In Section 57 of the Insurance Decree }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10490877 (No. 19 of 1978) which states: - \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 \'93 Insurance b}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8734393 rokers\'94 means a person who, as }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 an independent contractor and not as the agent of an insurer, is carrying on the business on the business of soliciting or negotiating Insurance for a }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10490877 \tab }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 commission or other }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8734393\charrsid5246320 enumeration}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 on be}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10490877 h}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8734393 alf of the insured, other that }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 himself.\'94 }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10490877 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 It follows from the above definition t}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10490877 hat the appellant or its Mr. Mul}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 indwa could never have}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10490877 become an Agent of the }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 respondent since it was a registered Insurance Broker. This much was admitted by Margaret Rutare (DW1), the Respondent\rquote s office Manager, Interestingly she had this }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10490877 to say in cross- examination: -

\par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 \line \'93We do not have contracts}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10490877 with Brokers. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 When we }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid10490877 start}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8734393 dealing with them we }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10490877 do not train them}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid15994462 \'85\'85\'85.. B}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10490877 wogi never }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid15994462 alleged that Mul}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 indwa had not performed what a Broker should perform to get full commission }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid15994462 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid15994462 \tab I}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 n }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid15994462 this case we were considering Alfa an Agent/Broker. Alf}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 a could not have }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid15994462 \tab }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 been our agents since they were Brokers.\'94 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid15994462 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 In my }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12787672\charrsid5246320 view}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 and with due respect to the learned Principal Judge, he was wrong, both in law and fact, to come to the following }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12787672\charrsid5246320 conclusion: -}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12787672 \par \'93}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 I do clearly understand what Mr. Bwogi was saying}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12787672\charrsid5246320 : -}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 that the Empire Insurance Group, Ltd. has additional standards in its insurance business, above the mere registration as a broker and belonging to the Association of Insurance Brokers. Empire Insurance Group, Ltd, in those additional standards, requires that its brokers always concluded a brokerage agreement in order to be regarded by the group as \'93contracted producers}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12787672 \'85\'85\'85..}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 \'93 The law may require only registration as a broker and membership of the Association of Brokers as a standard agreement, so as to be permitted to practice as brokers in Uganda. But that is not the same thing as saying that every broker is 100% professional. Any competitive Insurance Company therefore would be in order to institute its own additional training to improve its standards of }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid12787672 \tab }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 professionalism.\'94 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9055250 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 \line The above statement contr}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9055250 adicts the evidence of Rutare (D }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 W}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9055250 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 l) that the respondent does not take out contracts with the brokers they deal with and does not train such Brokers. It also contradicts the legal position of an Insurance Brok er who is an independent contractor, working for the insured and not the insuring company. Clearly there is no way the insuring company can train such an independent contractor who must be qualified in his or its own right before he or it can be registere d as a broker. And so there was no merit in that new line of defence. The trial court should have rejected it. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9055250 \par \line The evidence of Mr. Mul}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 indwa shows very clearly that the two policy covers were negotiated by him as a single package. It was split into two cov ers at the request of the Embassy for ease of payment which was to be effected in two phases. The appellant should, in accordance with practice, have gone on to collect the premium from the Embassy but was not allowed to do so by the respondent. The reaso n for that is obvious. The respondent dealt with the Embassy directly so that they could obtain a rebate on the policy. According to Rut}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9055250 are (DW1) this practice of side-}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 stepping the broker exists in the insurance business but, as she pointed out, it is unfair to the brokers. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9055250 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 The learned Principal Judge thought that because the Appellant had no written agreement with the respondent regarding the appe1iants }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid949736 r}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid949736\charrsid5246320 enumeration}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 for the transaction and as the appellant had not participated in the negotiations of the fi nal terms of the policy covers, they could not claim to have done full brokerage. They were therefore not entitled to the full commission. However, it would appear from the definition of \'93 Insurance Broker in Section 57 of the Insurance Decree quoted above that once the broker has solicited or negotiated the policy, he is entitled to full commission. He does not have to do both soliciting and negotiating. But of course as Mr. Justice Branson pointed out in }{ \b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid9055250 Mc. NEIL V. LAW UNION & }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9055250\charrsid9055250 ROCK}{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9055250 }{ \b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9055250\charrsid9055250 INSURANCE}{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid9055250 }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9055250\charrsid9055250 COM}{ \b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid9055250 PANY LTD}{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9055250\charrsid9055250 .(192}{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid9055250 5}{ \b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9055250\charrsid9055250 ) 23 LLOYD\rquote }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid9055250 S List LR.}{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 }{ \b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid9055250 341}{\b\i\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 at page }{ \b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid9055250 316,}{\b\i\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 the principle is that where an agent or, in this case, a broker, is claiming a commission upon a certain transaction, he must show that he was an efficient cause of the transaction coming about. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9055250 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 \line To be an efficient or effective cause, the agent or broker need not necessarily complete or take part in all the negotiations; see:- }{ \b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid9055250 Ha1sburys}{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 Laws }{ \b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid9055250 of }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 England vol. 4th }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid9055250 Ed.}{ \ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 page 478 }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11156219\charrsid9055250 par}{ \b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11156219 a}{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11156219\charrsid9055250 graph}{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid9055250 800 }{ \b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9055250\charrsid11156219 an}{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid11156219 d \'93Insurance Law in Australia and}{\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 }{ \b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 New }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid11156219 Zealand\'94 }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11156219 by Sutton (Original }{ \b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid11156219 Edition) 1980.}{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 It is not enough for him to \line prove that he introduced the}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11156219 parties to each other. In the }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 instant case the appellant company actually successfully negotiated the package with the American Embassy and then sold it to the respondent. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid11156219 What}{ \b\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 remained was the formality of signing the standard policy documents and collection of the monies from the Embassy. The Respondent collected the money in}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11156219 an attempt to reduce the appell}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 ant}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11156219 \rquote }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 s commission.}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid11156219

\par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 \line It is remarkable that at first the respondents point was not that the appellant had not done full brokerage but that they were \'93non-contracted produ}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3277322 cers.\'94 In my judgment the appell}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 ant}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3277322 \rquote s representative, Mr. Mul}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 indwa did fully broker the Insurance policy contained in the two policy covers. This was not a case where the broker had brought the parties together to a certain point in negotiations and then left them to set out for themselves a new track altogether. T he learned principal Judge should, on the evidence before him, have found that the appellant was entitled to full commission on the two policy covers which formed one and some transaction.}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3277322 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 \line There was}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3277322 no evidence that the second pol}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 icy cover was obtained in dependently by the respondent. T}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3277322 hat cover flowed from the appell}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 ant}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3277322 \rquote }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 s initial efforts. And so this would not be a case of permitting a broker to continue to take commission on any other policies taken out by the claimant, although a broker may be entitled to a commission on renewal on insurance policies procured by him provided he played an effective role in the renewal on insurance policies procured by him provided he played an effective role in the }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3277322 renewal of the policies, see Sul}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 lton on Insurance Law i}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3277322 n Australia and New Zealand (sup}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 ra). But this point does not arise here. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3277322 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 \line There now remains the question of qu}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3277322 antum of the commission. Mr. Mul}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 indwa claimed in his evidence, but without further proof, that the late Bwogi and himself had agreed, orally, that the commission would be at the rate of }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid3277322 20%.}{ \b\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 On t}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3277322 he other hand Margaret Rutare (D }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 W}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3277322 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 l) stated that no agreement had even been reached on the point. In absence of cogent evidence on the point, I think it would be safe to assume that the rate at which the commission was to be paid was not agreed. The principle }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3277322\charrsid5246320 has}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3277322 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 been established that wher}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3277322 e no Agents or Brokers fee was }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 agreed, then the usual commission in agency or brokerage business }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3277322 should }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9789887 apply, see}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid3277322 : Baring V . Stanton (1876) 3}{ \i\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 Chancery Division }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8990340 502 at 505.}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid9789887 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 \line The commission which was paid to the appellant and which the learned principal 3udge upheld was based on the rate of 7.7% which is payable under \'93any other }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8860417 r}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8734393\charrsid5246320 enumeration}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 \'94 under S. 57 of the Insurance Decree. The 7.7% applied only to cases where a commission was not payable. Counsel for the appellant argued, quite rightly I think, that the respondent was wrong to apply that rate because the appellant}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7286372 was entitled to a commission. The rate of 20%}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 fixed by the Commissioner of Insurance did not apply as they we re not in existence at the time the policy was secured. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid7286372 I}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 agree with the submission by Counsel for the appellant that a different rate had to apply. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7286372 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 \line There was no clear evidence as to the usual commission payable at}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7286372 the material time. Both Mr. Mul}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 indwa and }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7286372\charrsid5246320 Geoffrey}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 Musisi }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid7286372 (P}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7286372 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid7286372 W}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7286372 }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid7286372 2).}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 (Secretary General of Uganda Association of Insurance Brokers) state that the rate of commission was }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid7286372 20%.}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7286372 However Mr. Musisi d}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7286372\charrsid5246320 id}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 also point out in the case of the National Insurance Corporation the rate was }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid7286372 22%.}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 Those }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7286372 were said to be maximum rates. Th}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 e}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7286372 n there was Mr. Frank Kizito (D 1 W), th}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 e }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7286372 General}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 Manager of Hogg Robinson Insurance who stated that the average commission for ful}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7286372 l brokerage for this type of pol}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 icy was at 10% of the insured sum. It is clear therefore that at the time the appellant brokered the Insurance policy there was no ruling or usual commission rate. }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7286372 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 \line In the circumstances, I am of the view that the appellant could only be entitled to what was a reasonable rate of the commission in the circumstances of the case. It was not shown that the transaction was difficult or expensiv}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7435652 e on the part of the appellant. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 Therefore the rate of the commission claimed by them was excessive. I would allow a commission at the rate of }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid7435652 12%}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 on the full insured sum of shs. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7435652\charrsid7435652 95,395,720}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7435652 /= which}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid7435652 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 comes to shs. 11,447,486.4 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7435652\charrsid5246320 Less}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 shs. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7435652 4,029,800/}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid7435652 =}{ \i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 already received by the Appellant which comes to shs. 7,447,868.4. }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7435652\charrsid5246320 in}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 the result }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7435652 I would }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 allow this }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7435652\charrsid5246320 appeal}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 }{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid7435652 set}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 aside the judgment and decree of the High Court and enter judgment for the appellant}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7435652 company for shs. 7,447,868.4 Plus}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 interest at 45% which was the rate in }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid7435652 1992\emdash 93,}{\i\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 which has now been certified by the Bank of Uganda. I would award the appellant costs of this appeal and of the suit in the High Court, and as Odoki JSC and Tsekook}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7435652 o JSC a gree, it is so ordered. Dated at Mengo this\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85..2}{\lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid7435652\charrsid7435652 nd}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7435652 \'85\'85..day of\'85.. February, 1996. \par }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7435652\charrsid8860417 S. T. MANYINDO \par }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid7435652\charrsid8860417 DEPUTY CHIEF JUSTICE \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid8587169 {\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 \line }{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8587169 I CERTIFY THAT THIS IS A }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid8860417 TRUE COPY OF THE ORIGINAL. \par }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8594245\charrsid8860417 E. K. E. TURYAM}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid8860417 UBONA, \par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid8587169 {\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8594245\charrsid949736 DEPUTY REGISTRAR, THE SUPREME COURT \par }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10380170\charrsid949736 JUDG}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8860417\charrsid949736 E}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10380170\charrsid949736 MENT OF ODOKI, J. S. C.}{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8860417\charrsid949736 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 (I have had the advantage of reading in draft the judgment of Manyindo, DCJ and I agree with it and the orders proposed by him.}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8860417 )}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 }{\b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid8860417 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 Dated at Mengo this}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10380170\charrsid5246320 ....}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid949736 2}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid949736\charrsid949736 nd}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid949736 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10380170\charrsid10380170 ...}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 day}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10380170\charrsid5246320 ....}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10380170 of }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid949736 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 February...., 1996. \par }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10380170\charrsid8860417 B. J. ODOKI, }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid8860417 \line }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid949736 JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT}{ \b\ul\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid8860417 \par }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10380170\charrsid8860417 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid8587169 {\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8587169 I CERTIFY THAT THIS IS A }{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid8860417 TRUE COPY OF THE ORIGINAL.}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10380170\charrsid8860417 \par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid8587169 {\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8587169 }{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10380170\charrsid8860417 E. K. E}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid8860417 . TURYAMUBONA, \par }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10380170\charrsid949736 DEPUTY REGISTRAR}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16001117\charrsid949736 , THE}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid10380170\charrsid949736 SUPREME COURT \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid8587169 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042 \par }\pard\plain \s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid8587169 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 { \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16001117\charrsid949736 JUDGMENT OF TSEKOOKO}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6649014\charrsid949736 , J. S. C}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid16001117\charrsid949736 .}{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid949736 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 I have read in draft the judgment prepared by Manyindo, D. C. J. with which I concur. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6649014 \par }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 \line Delivered at Mengo this}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6649014 \'85\'85..}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 2}{ \lang1033\langfe2057\super\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid8860417 nd}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8860417 }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 day }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6649014 \'85\'85\'85 .of. February}{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid5246320 , 1996. }{\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042 \par }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6649014\charrsid8860417 J. W. N. TSEKOOKO, \par }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6649014\charrsid949736 JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid8587169 {\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid8860417 I }{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6649014\charrsid8860417 CERTIFY}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid8587169 THAT THIS IS A }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6649014\charrsid8860417 TRUE COPY OF THE ORIGINAL}{ \b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid8860417 \par }{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6649014\charrsid8860417 E. K. E TURYAM}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid8860417 UBONA, \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid8587169 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid6649014\charrsid949736 DEPUTY REGISTRAR, THE SUPREME COURT}{\b\lang1033\langfe2057\langnp1033\insrsid4481042\charrsid949736 \par }}