[2009] UGCA 20

{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch0\stshfhich0\stshfbi0\deflang2057\deflangfe2057{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f242\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;} {\f243\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\f245\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f246\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\f247\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);} {\f248\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\f249\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f250\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255; \red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0; \red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;}{\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext0 Normal;}{\*\cs10 \additive \ssemihidden Default Paragraph Font;}{\*\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tscellwidthfts0\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\langnp1024\langfenp1024 \snext11 \ssemihidden Normal Table;}{\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar \tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext15 \styrsid11038600 footer;}{\*\cs16 \additive \sbasedon10 \styrsid11038600 page number;}{\*\cs17 \additive \sbasedon10 \styrsid2977384 line number;}}{\*\latentstyles\lsdstimax156\lsdlockeddef0}{\*\listtable{\list\listtemplateid-633015438\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360 \levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid1123197490\'03(\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fbias0 \fi-720\li1080\jclisttab\tx1080\lin1080 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715 \'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li2160\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;} \fi-360\li2880\jclisttab\tx2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li3600\jclisttab\tx3600\lin3600 } {\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li4320\jclisttab\tx4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0 \leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li5040\jclisttab\tx5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1 \levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li5760\jclisttab\tx5760\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li6480\jclisttab\tx6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid330060327}{\list\listtemplateid224718886\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1 \levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li795\jclisttab\tx795\lin795 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li1515\jclisttab\tx1515\lin1515 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715 \'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li2235\jclisttab\tx2235\lin2235 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;} \fi-360\li2955\jclisttab\tx2955\lin2955 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li3675\jclisttab\tx3675\lin3675 } {\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li4395\jclisttab\tx4395\lin4395 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0 \leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li5115\jclisttab\tx5115\lin5115 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1 \levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li5835\jclisttab\tx5835\lin5835 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li6555\jclisttab\tx6555\lin6555 }{\listname ;}\listid982002263}{\list\listtemplateid1526379170\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1 \levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li720\jclisttab\tx720\lin720 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715 \'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li2160\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;} \fi-360\li2880\jclisttab\tx2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li3600\jclisttab\tx3600\lin3600 } {\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li4320\jclisttab\tx4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0 \leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li5040\jclisttab\tx5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1 \levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li5760\jclisttab\tx5760\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li6480\jclisttab\tx6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid2068797243}}{\*\listoverridetable{\listoverride\listid330060327\listoverridecount0\ls1}{\listoverride\listid982002263 \listoverridecount0\ls2}{\listoverride\listid2068797243\listoverridecount0\ls3}}{\*\rsidtbl \rsid219690\rsid414398\rsid545168\rsid1198750\rsid1335112\rsid1454420\rsid1770485\rsid1918588\rsid2388600\rsid2977384\rsid3493139\rsid3546629\rsid3806843 \rsid4014750\rsid4267200\rsid4412730\rsid4666405\rsid5196277\rsid5249103\rsid5257025\rsid5530623\rsid5795827\rsid5840370\rsid5968193\rsid6292895\rsid6322727\rsid6834241\rsid7151361\rsid8418052\rsid8927810\rsid9068861\rsid9516449\rsid9965825\rsid11038600 \rsid11285706\rsid12022865\rsid12342450\rsid12396354\rsid13306957\rsid13398052\rsid13458788\rsid13850250\rsid14027563\rsid14628913\rsid14956480\rsid15431831\rsid15599420\rsid15614236\rsid15949704\rsid16265771\rsid16531407}{\*\generator Microsoft Word 11. 0.5604;}{\info{\title THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA}{\author Hon. Justice C. K Byamugisha}{\operator kgalenda}{\creatim\yr2009\mo5\dy28\hr16\min34}{\revtim\yr2009\mo5\dy28\hr16\min34}{\printim\yr2009\mo5\dy13\hr10\min36}{\version2}{\edmins1}{\nofpages6} {\nofwords1813}{\nofchars10335}{\nofcharsws12124}{\vern24689}}\paperw11909\paperh16834\margl1440\margr1440 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\formshade\horzdoc\dgmargin\dghspace120\dgvspace180\dghorigin1440 \dgvorigin1440\dghshow2\dgvshow2\jexpand\viewkind1\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\splytwnine\ftnlytwnine\nolnhtadjtbl\useltbaln\alntblind\lytcalctblwd\lyttblrtgr\lnbrkrule\nobrkwrptbl\snaptogridincell\allowfieldendsel\wrppunct\asianbrkrule \rsidroot11038600\newtblstyruls\nogrowautofit \fet0{\*\ftnsep \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid1918588 \chftnsep \par }}{\*\ftnsepc \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid1918588 \chftnsepc \par }}{\*\aftnsep \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid1918588 \chftnsep \par }}{\*\aftnsepc \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid1918588 \chftnsepc \par }}\sectd \psz9\linemod5\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid5530623\sftnbj {\footer \pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\pvpara\phmrg\posxc\posy0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3546629 \b\i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\field{\*\fldinst {\cs16\insrsid13398052 PAGE }}{\fldrslt {\cs16\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4666405 1}}}{\cs16\insrsid13398052 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\insrsid13398052 \par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4666405 \b\i\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i0\insrsid2977384\charrsid4666405 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA}{\i0\insrsid5530623\charrsid4666405 \par }{\i0\insrsid2977384\charrsid4666405 IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF UGANDA \par AT KAMPALA \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4666405 {\ul\insrsid2977384\charrsid4666405 CORAM:}{\insrsid2977384\charrsid4666405 HON. LADY JUSTICE L. E. M. MUKASA-KIKONYOGO, DCJ. \par HON. LADY JUSTICE A. E. N. MPAGI-BAHIGEINE, JA. \par HON. LADY JUSTICE C. K. BYAMUGISHA, JA. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4666405 {\i0\ul\insrsid2977384\charrsid4666405 CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.204/03 \par \par }{\i0\insrsid2977384\charrsid4666405 BETWEEN \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4666405 {\i0\insrsid2977384\charrsid4666405 BEINGANA KANONI WILLY:::::::::::::::::::::::APPELLANT \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4666405 {\i0\insrsid2977384\charrsid4666405 AND \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4666405 {\i0\insrsid2977384\charrsid4666405 UGANDA:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::RESPONDENT \par \par }{\insrsid2977384\charrsid4666405 [Appeal from the judgment of the High Court Kabale High Court Circuit(}{\i0\insrsid2977384\charrsid4666405 Mugamba P) }{\insrsid2977384\charrsid4666405 dated 6}{\super\insrsid2977384\charrsid4666405 th}{ \insrsid2977384\charrsid4666405 November 2003 in HCCS No. 0128/02] \par \par }{\i0\ul\insrsid2977384\charrsid4666405 JUDGMENT OF THE COURT}{\b0\i0\insrsid2977384\charrsid4666405 \par }{\b0\i0\insrsid8927810\charrsid4666405 \par This is a first appeal from the judgment of the High Court (Mugamba J)}{\b0\i0\insrsid16531407\charrsid4666405 in which the appellant was convicted of simple robbery and sentenced to 15 years imprisonment.}{\b0\i0\insrsid8927810\charrsid4666405 \par }{\b0\i0\insrsid16531407\charrsid4666405 The facts as found and accepted by the trial judge are the following. \par }{\b0\i0\insrsid2388600\charrsid4666405 On the 28}{\b0\i0\super\insrsid2388600\charrsid4666405 th}{\b0\i0\insrsid2388600\charrsid4666405 June 2001, at night the complainant, Batare Christopher (PW3) was approaching the gate of his house when he was ambushed by two men. They stole his mobile phone and some money. He was assa ulted by the assailants and he fought with them. He managed to recognize the appellant with the help of the security light at his gate.}{\b0\i0\insrsid16531407\charrsid4666405 \par }{\b0\i0\insrsid2388600\charrsid4666405 He raised an alarm and the attackers ran away. The people who answered the alarm arrested the appellant about 500 metres away from the scene. He had a pistol. He was taken to the police where he made a charge and caution statement in which he admitted being at the scene. \par At the trial his defence was }{\b0\i0\insrsid6322727\charrsid4666405 an }{\b0\i0\insrsid2388600\charrsid4666405 alibi which was rejected by the trial judge who convicted him of simple robbery and sentenced him to 15 years imprisonment \endash hence the instant appeal.}{\b0\i0\insrsid4267200\charrsid4666405 \par The appeal}{\b0\i0\insrsid6322727\charrsid4666405 is premised on only one ground that:}{\b0\i0\insrsid4267200\charrsid4666405 \par }{\i0\insrsid4267200\charrsid4666405 The learned judge erred in law and fact when he convicted the appellant on the basis of the uncorroborated evidence of a single identifying witness. \par }{\i0\insrsid15614236\charrsid4666405 \par }{\b0\i0\insrsid15614236\charrsid4666405 Mr Tis}{\b0\i0\insrsid6322727\charrsid4666405 hekwa who represented the appellant}{\b0\i0\insrsid15614236\charrsid4666405 submitted that the evidence of PW3 needed corroboration since he was the only identifying witness. He cited the case of }{\insrsid15614236\charrsid4666405 Nabulere &another v Uganda [1979}{\insrsid545168\charrsid4666405 ] HCB 77}{ \b0\i0\insrsid15614236\charrsid4666405 for the legal proposition that the greatest}{\b0\i0\insrsid545168\charrsid4666405 care must be taken when treating the evidence of a single identifying witness to ensure that such evidence is free from any possibility of error}{\b0\i0\insrsid13850250\charrsid4666405 . He also pointed out that there was no independent evidence from an independent source implicating the appellant. He cited the case }{\b0\i0\insrsid4412730\charrsid4666405 of }{\insrsid4412730\charrsid4666405 R.v}{\insrsid13850250\charrsid4666405 Baskerville (1916) 2K. B. 658}{\b0\i0\insrsid13850250\charrsid4666405 to support his argument.}{\b0\i0\insrsid15614236\charrsid4666405 \par He claimed that there was no credible evidence of the appellant\rquote s participation in the commission of the offence. He further stated that the appellant\rquote }{\b0\i0\insrsid545168\charrsid4666405 s alibi w as never destroyed and his charge and caution statement was retracted and yet the court relied on it to convict the appellant.}{\b0\i0\insrsid5257025\charrsid4666405 He cited the case of }{\insrsid5257025\charrsid4666405 Festo Andrea }{ \insrsid6322727\charrsid4666405 Asenua &another V}{\insrsid5257025\charrsid4666405 Uganda Criminal Appeal No1/98(SC) }{\b0\i0\insrsid5257025\charrsid4666405 (unreported) for that legal proposition.}{\b0\i0\insrsid15614236\charrsid4666405 \par }{\b0\i0\insrsid5257025\charrsid4666405 He invited court to allow the appeal, quash the conviction and set aside the sentence. \par \par In reply, Mr Byansi, learned Principal Sate Attorney, did not agree. He submitted that much as the conviction was based on the evidence of a single identifying witness, no error was committed. He pointed out that }{\b0\i0\insrsid15599420\charrsid4666405 the court}{\b0\i0\insrsid5257025\charrsid4666405 considered}{\b0\i0\insrsid15599420\charrsid4666405 the position of the law before convicting the appellant.}{\b0\i0\insrsid5257025\charrsid4666405 \par }{\b0\i0\insrsid15599420\charrsid4666405 On the authorities that were cited by counsel for the appellant, the learned the learned Principal State Attorney submitted that what is required is for the court to exercise caution.}{ \b0\i0\insrsid13850250\charrsid4666405 }{\b0\i0\insrsid15599420\charrsid4666405 \par }{\b0\i0\insrsid13850250\charrsid4666405 He summarized the prosecution\rquote s evidence and the circumstances that were prevailing at the time. These were:- \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13850250\charrsid4666405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li795\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx795\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin795\itap0\pararsid4666405 {\b0\i0\insrsid13850250\charrsid4666405 The victim knew the appellant very well and the appellant confirmed it. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6322727\charrsid4666405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}{\b0\i0\insrsid6322727\charrsid4666405 There was}{\b0\i0\insrsid13850250\charrsid4666405 light at the victim\rquote s gate. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13850250\charrsid4666405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}The proximity between the appellant and the victim and \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13850250\charrsid4666405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}The attack took time and there was a lot of scuffle and they were talking. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4666405 {\b0\i0\insrsid13850250\charrsid4666405 \par He claimed that these circumstances taken together enabled the victim to identify the appellant and he was sufficiently placed at the scene of crime. \par }{\b0\i0\insrsid4412730\charrsid4666405 He invited court to dismiss the appeal. \par }{\b0\i0\insrsid14628913\charrsid4666405 The prosecution\rquote s case depended on the visual identification of the appellant by PW3. The attack took place at night.}{\b0\i0\insrsid2388600\charrsid4666405 \par }{\b0\i0\insrsid15431831\charrsid4666405 It now trite law that when visual identification of an accused person is made by a witness under difficult conditions like at night such evidence }{\b0\i0\insrsid3806843\charrsid4666405 should}{ \b0\i0\insrsid15431831\charrsid4666405 }{\b0\i0\insrsid3806843\charrsid4666405 not }{\b0\i0\insrsid15431831\charrsid4666405 ordinarily}{\b0\i0\insrsid3806843\charrsid4666405 be acted upon to convict the accused in absence of other evidence to corroborate it.}{\b0\i0\insrsid15431831\charrsid4666405 \par }{\b0\i0\insrsid3806843\charrsid4666405 The problem of cases which depend on identification only, like the instant appeal, has been a subject of judicial consideration}{\b0\i0\insrsid5795827\charrsid4666405 in a number of authorities.}{ \b0\i0\insrsid414398\charrsid4666405 In the case of }{\insrsid414398\charrsid4666405 Roria v Republic [1967] EA 585 }{\b0\i0\insrsid414398\charrsid4666405 at page 584 the Court of Appeal for East Africa said:}{\b0\i0\insrsid3806843\charrsid4666405

\par }{\insrsid414398\charrsid4666405 \'93A conviction resting entirely on identity invariably causes a degree of uneasiness and as Lord Gardener LC said in the House of Lord in the course of a debate on S. 4 of the Criminal Appeal Act\'85\'85.\rquote There may be a case in which the identity is in question and if any innocent people are convicted today I should think that nine out of ten- if there are as many as ten- it is a question of identity\rquote \par The danger is, of course, greater when the only evidence against an accused person is identification by one witness and although no one would suggest that a conviction based o n such evidence of identification should not never be upheld it is the duty of this court to satisfy itself that in all the }{\insrsid6834241\charrsid4666405 circumstances it is safe to act on such identification\'94.}{\insrsid414398\charrsid4666405

\par }{\insrsid6834241\charrsid4666405 \par }{\b0\i0\insrsid6834241\charrsid4666405 The conditions which are considered favourable for correct identification without any possibility of error have been laid down in a number of authorities such as }{\insrsid6834241\charrsid4666405 Abdalla Bin Wendo v R (1953) 20 EACA 166; Abdalla Nabulere &others v Uganda [1979] HCB77; Moses Kasana Uganda [1992-93]HCB 47}{\b0\i0\insrsid6834241\charrsid4666405 and }{\insrsid6834241\charrsid4666405 Moses Bogere &another v Uganda \endash Crimin al Appeal No.1/97(SC)}{\b0\i0\insrsid6834241\charrsid4666405 (unreported). \par }{\b0\i0\insrsid9965825\charrsid4666405 The following conditions were set out in the above authorities: \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9965825\charrsid4666405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1080\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx1080\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid4666405 {\b0\i0\insrsid9965825\charrsid4666405 Whether the accused was known to the identifying witness at the time of the offence. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9965825\charrsid4666405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}The length of time the witness took to identify the accused. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9965825\charrsid4666405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iii)\tab}The distance from which the witness identified the accused. The source of light that was available at the material time.

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4666405 {\b0\i0\insrsid4412730\charrsid4666405 \par As for putting an accused person at the scene of crime, the Supreme Court in the case of }{\insrsid4412730\charrsid4666405 Bogere (supra)}{\b0\i0\insrsid4412730\charrsid4666405 the Supreme Court gave guidelines in the following passage from the judgment:

\par }{\insrsid4412730\charrsid4666405 \'93We think that the expression must mean proof to the required standard that the accused was at the scene of crime at the material time. To hold that such proof has been achieved, the court must not base itself on the i solated evidence of the prosecution evidence alone, but must base itself upon evaluation }{\insrsid5968193\charrsid4666405 of the evidence as a whole. Where the prosecution adduces evidence showing that the accused person was at the scene of crime, and the defence not only denies it, but a lso adduces evidence showing that the accused was elsewhere at the material time, it is incumbent on the court to evaluate both versions judicially and give reasons why one and not the other version is accepted.\'94 }{\insrsid4412730\charrsid4666405

\par }{\insrsid5968193\charrsid4666405 \par }{\b0\i0\insrsid219690\charrsid4666405 We shall use the above guidelines to determine the only ground of appeal.}{\b0\i0\insrsid9068861\charrsid4666405 The conditions that were prevailing at the time of the attack that could be said to have aided correct identification were the following:}{\b0\i0\insrsid5968193\charrsid4666405 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9068861\charrsid4666405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4666405 {\b0\i0\insrsid9068861\charrsid4666405 The identifying witness and the appellant knew each other before the incident. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9068861\charrsid4666405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}There was security light at the residence of the identifying witness. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9068861\charrsid4666405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}the identifying witness talked to the appellant and his companion before they demanded money from him \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9068861\charrsid4666405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}There was a scuffle between the appellant and the identifying witness}{\b0\i0\insrsid14027563\charrsid4666405 before the he fled the scene of crime and}{\b0\i0\insrsid9068861\charrsid4666405 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14027563\charrsid4666405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}}{\b0\i0\insrsid14027563\charrsid4666405 The appellant was arrested about 500 metres from the scene of crime. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4666405 {\b0\i0\insrsid14027563\charrsid4666405 \par The above conditions if believed were sufficient in our view to enable the identifying witness to recognize the appellant. \par The appellant denied the offence and his defence was alibi. He stated that on the material day, he returned from Kigali and}{\b0\i0\insrsid12396354\charrsid4666405 at about 8.30 p.m he went to visit one Issa whose home was towards National Teachers College. On his way he met four men who arrested him and started beating him. He was able to recognize one of the men-PW3.}{\b0\i0\insrsid1454420\charrsid4666405 He further stated that there was no grudge between him and PW3. He suspected that PW3 beat him because he (the appellant) refused to sell him a plot of land and also refused to let his premises to him.}{\b0\i0\insrsid14027563\charrsid4666405 \par }{\b0\i0\insrsid13398052\charrsid4666405 The issue is which version should be believed. PW3 sustained injuries and he was examined by Dr Tumuhimbise (PW7). }{\b0\i0\insrsid13458788\charrsid4666405 The doctor found many bruises and swellings}{ \b0\i0\insrsid12342450\charrsid4666405 of different sizes}{\b0\i0\insrsid13458788\charrsid4666405 on his left hand and the left side of his neck. The injuries were suggestive of flogging with something like a whip.}{ \b0\i0\insrsid13398052\charrsid4666405 \par }{\b0\i0\insrsid13458788\charrsid4666405 Habib Kapere (PW4) was the defence secretary of Rutenga Cell where the offence was committed. He answered the alarm that was being raised. He found someone whom he did not recognize at the time being beaten and was under arrest.}{ \b0\i0\insrsid14956480\charrsid4666405 A pistol had already been removed from him and the same was handed over to the witness. The witness also saw injuries on PW3.}{\b0\i0\insrsid13458788\charrsid4666405 \par }{\b0\i0\insrsid12342450\charrsid4666405 The witness further testified that he reported the matter to Kabale Police Station and D/CPL Turyamutangirira (PW5) visited the scene and found the appellant being assaulted by a mob. \par We think the appellant lied to court when he stated that he was assaulted by PW3 and three other people. The injuries which were found on PW3 when he was examined }{\b0\i0\insrsid12022865\charrsid4666405 by PW 7 could not have been sustained when t he witness was assaulting the appellant. On the other hand the testimony of PW4 and PW5 are to the effect that the appellant was assaulted by a mob soon after being arrested with a pistol. The sequence of events is such that the appellant\rquote s version of events cannot possibly be true. There was no evidence that PW3 was one of those people who arrested the appellant and assaulted him.}{\b0\i0\insrsid12342450\charrsid4666405 \par }{\b0\i0\insrsid5840370\charrsid4666405 It is more likely that when the appellant and his companion ran away from the scene of crime he was arrested and assaulted by t he people who answered the alarm. The facts and circumstances of the case are such that the evidence of identification was free from any possibility of error. A conviction could be based on it. \par We are satisfied on the evidence as a whole that the appellant was placed at the scene of crime on the material day and his appeal against conviction is dismissed. }{\b0\i0\insrsid1770485\charrsid4666405 We uphold the conviction}{ \b0\i0\insrsid6322727\charrsid4666405 . }{\b0\i0\insrsid1770485\charrsid4666405 }{\b0\i0\insrsid6322727\charrsid4666405 Since}{\b0\i0\insrsid1770485\charrsid4666405 there was no appeal against sentence, the same will be upheld.}{ \b0\i0\insrsid5840370\charrsid4666405 \par }{\b0\i0\insrsid1198750\charrsid4666405 The learned judge did not complete sentencing the appellant. }{\insrsid1198750\charrsid4666405 Section 11}{\b0\i0\insrsid1198750\charrsid4666405 of the }{\i0\insrsid1198750\charrsid4666405 Judicature Act}{ \b0\i0\insrsid1198750\charrsid4666405 gives this court the same powers as the court of first instance. Accordingly in exercise of those powers we shall complete the exercise of imposing the remaining sentence and orders. \par }{\insrsid1198750\charrsid4666405 Section 286 (4}{\b0\i0\insrsid1198750\charrsid4666405 ) of the }{\i0\insrsid1198750\charrsid4666405 Penal Code Act}{\b0\i0\insrsid1198750\charrsid4666405 provides as follows: \par }{\insrsid1198750\charrsid4666405 \'93 Notwithstanding section 126 of the Trial on Indictments Act, where a person is convicted of the felony of robbery the court shall, unless the offender is sentenced to death, order the person convicted to pay such sum by way of compe nsation to any person to the prejudice of whom the robbery was committed, as in the opinion of the court is just having regard to the injury or loss suffered by such person, and any such order shall be deemed to be a decree and may be executed in the mann er provided by the Civil Procedure Act}{\insrsid11285706\charrsid4666405 .\'94}{\insrsid1198750\charrsid4666405 \par }{\insrsid7151361\charrsid4666405 \par }{\b0\i0\insrsid11285706\charrsid4666405 The provisions of the above section make it mandatory that unless the convicted person is sentenced to death, the court must make an order for compensation. The section is mandatory and the amount of compensation is within the discretion of the court.}{ \b0\i0\insrsid7151361\charrsid4666405 The complainant testified that the appellant and his companion demanded money from him. He had the sum of Shs 2, 700/= which he handed over to them. They also assaulted him. He was examined by a doctor and he must have received treatment for the injuries. In the circumstances we consider the sum of Shs }{\b0\i0\insrsid13306957\charrsid4666405 20,000/= adequate compensation to the complainant.}{\b0\i0\insrsid1198750\charrsid4666405 \par }{\b0\i0\insrsid13306957\charrsid4666405 Another piece of legislation is }{\insrsid13306957\charrsid4666405 section 124}{\b0\i0\insrsid13306957\charrsid4666405 of the Trial on Indictments Act which provides for police supervision for a period not exceeding five years from the date of the expiration of the sentence. The section is also mandatory. The appellant will be subjected to two years of police supervision after serving his sentence. \par }{\insrsid1198750\charrsid4666405 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4666405 {\i0\insrsid1770485\charrsid4666405 Dated at Kampala this}{\i0\insrsid9516449\charrsid4666405 20}{\i0\super\insrsid9516449\charrsid4666405 th}{ \i0\insrsid9516449\charrsid4666405 }{\i0\insrsid1770485\charrsid4666405 day of}{\i0\insrsid9516449\charrsid4666405 May }{\i0\insrsid1770485\charrsid4666405 2009. \par L. E. M. Mukasa-Kikonyogo \par Deputy Chief Justice \par \par A. E. N. Mpagi-Bahigeine \par Justice of Appeal \par \par C. K. Byamugisha \par Justice of Appeal \par }}