[2005] UGHC 110

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\mdefJc1\mwrapIndent1440\mintLim0\mnaryLim1}{\info{\title THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA }{\author Administrator}{\operator skivumbi}{\creatim\yr2010\mo3\dy17\hr9\min50}{\revtim\yr2010\mo6\dy10\hr15\min11}{\version4}{\edmins12}{\nofpages4}{\nofwords1413} {\nofchars6665}{\nofcharsws8062}{\vern32859}}{\*\xmlnstbl {\xmlns1 http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2003/wordml}}\paperw12240\paperh15840\margl1440\margr1440\margt1440\margb1440\gutter0\ltrsect \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\trackmoves1\trackformatting1\donotembedsysfont0\relyonvml0\donotembedlingdata1\grfdocevents0\validatexml0\showplaceholdtext0\ignoremixedcontent0\saveinvalidxml0\showxmlerrors0\noxlattoyen \expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\formshade\horzdoc\dgmargin\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1440\dgvorigin1440\dghshow1\dgvshow1 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(}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid728291 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid728291 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \line IN THE H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid728291 IGH COURT OF UGANDA AT MBARARA \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8585675\charrsid728291 HCT-05-CV-CS-0095-2003 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid728291 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid728291 COLUMB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid728291 US RUTARUGA\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85. PLAINTIFF \line VS \line BUSH}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid728291 ENYI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid728291 -ISHAKA TOWN COUNCIL\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85.. DEFENDANT \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid728291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8585675\charrsid728291 BEFORE: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid8585675\charrsid728291 THE HON. MR. JUSTICE P. K. MUGAMBA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid728291 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid728291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid8585675\charrsid728291 JUDGMENT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid728291 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid996898 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid728291 This suit is instituted by the plaintiff as owner of a piece of land, customarily held, against a local authority. It is the case of the plaintiff that the defendant trespassed on her land by constructing a road thro ugh it. The plaintiff did not give her consent. She was not compensated either. She}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898 seeks the following remedies: \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid996898 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid996898 a) An order that the defend}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898 ant pays the plaintiff Shs. 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898\charrsid996898 5,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid996898 000,000/= as compensation for the value of the land as stipulated in paragraph 7 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898\charrsid996898 f the plaint. \par b) General damages. \par c) Costs of the suit. \par d) Exemplary damages. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid996898 e) Interest on a), b) and c) above from the date }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898\charrsid996898 of judgment until full payment. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid996898 f) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid996898 Interest on d) at court rate from the date of taxation of the bill of costs till full paym}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898\charrsid996898 ent. \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid996898 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid996898 At the scheduling conference some facts were agreed as well as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898\charrsid996898 issues. The facts agreed were: \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid996898 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid996898 . That the plaintiff is administratrix of the estate of the late Rutaruga Deusdedit as evidenced by letters of administration annexed to the plaint. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898\charrsid996898 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid996898 2. That the statutory notice, annextur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898\charrsid996898 e C to the plaint, was served. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid996898 3. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid996898 That the reply to the statutory notice, annexture Z to the written statement of defence, was served.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898\charrsid996898 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid996898 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898\charrsid996898 Issues that were agreed were: \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid996898 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid996898 1. Whether the plaintiff is the customary owner of the lan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898\charrsid996898 d where the road in issue is. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid996898 2. Whether the employees, servants or agents of the defendant constructed a new road or whether they tarma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898 cked an existing murram road}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898\charrsid996898 . \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid996898 3. Whether the defendant agre}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898\charrsid996898 ed to compensate the plaintiff \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid996898 4. Whether the p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898\charrsid996898 laintiffs suit is time barred. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid996898 5. Whether the plaintif}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898\charrsid996898 f is entitled to any remedies. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid996898 6. If so, wh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898\charrsid996898 at is the quantum of remedies? \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid728291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid996898 The background to this case is not complicated. Initially I shall view it fr om the standpoint of the plaintiff. She applied for and was granted letters of administration to a plot of land in Ishaka Township. The piece of land had been purchased by her deceased husband whose estate she administers. The land is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid996898 150 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid996898 ft by 100 ft in extent. She even paid ground rent for it. On 26th April 2001 employees, servants or agents of the defendant while acting in the course of their duties entered the plaintiffs land without her consent and constructed a road on part of her land. She was given no compensation. The land taken up by the said road was 50 ft by 100 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid996898 ft }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid996898 which is worth Shs. 15,000,000/=. She approached officials of the defendant regarding need for compensation but they continued promising to do so until February 2003 when the Town Clerk finally told her that she would not be paid anything}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898 . This case is in consequence. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid996898 Regarding the first issue it is the evidence of the plaintiff that she owns a plot of land and that the plot is customarily held. She proffered evidence of that as Exhibi t P.3. The defence did not contest evidence of this claim. What the defence contested however was the further claim that the road known as Kabirisi Road which had a tarmac surface placed on it in around April 2001 went through her land. The plaintiff and b oth her witnesses, PW2 and PW3, testified that the road was constructed around April 2001 and went through the plaintiffs land. It was their evidence they had seen personnel, a grader and other earth moving equipment at a site where PW1 had invited them t o go saying her land was being encroached upon. No map or plan was availed by the plaintiff to show the extent of the supposedly encroached upon land. There was no evidence either of loss incurred if any when the road was made to pass through the plaintiff s land. For the defendant all the five witnesses testified that the road}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898 which was dressed in tarmac had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid996898 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898\charrsid996898 existed earlier}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid996898 on as a murram road. What happened, according to their evidence, was that the murram road was upgraded in 2001. It was defence evide nce that the dimensions of the road remained unchanged. Exhibit Dl was copy of the minutes of Bushenyi/Ishaka Town Council Executive Meeting held on l8\rquote November 1988. Minute 9/88 thereof makes mention of the road in issue as being in existence then; years before the events of 2001. Exhibit D2 shows the detailed plan of Ishaka Township made as far back as 1989. The road in issue is manifest there. My conclusion here is that no evidence has been advanced by the plaintiff to show that her land was encroached upon by the defendant as alleged but that there is evidence that the tarmac surface was put on an already existing murram road}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid728291 which has no relationship with the plaintiffs land holding. Needless to say the burden is on the one who alleges to prove. See Ss. 101,102 and 103 of the Evidence Act. This finding should take }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898 care o f the second issue also. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid728291 Concerning the third issue, it is the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898\charrsid728291 plaintiff\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid728291 case that the defendant undertook to compensate her for the construction of the road through her land. It was the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898\charrsid728291 plaintiff\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid728291 evidence that the undertaking was made on behalf of the defendant by the Town Clerk and the Chairman L. C. III. Evidence of this was her testimony and that of PW2 and PW3. Both the Town Clerk Hanyurwa Arthur (who has been Town Clerk from 1993 }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898\charrsid728291 to date}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid728291 ) (DW1) and the L. C. III Chairman Eldad Katunda (DW4) deny they ever made such a commitment like they deny the road passed through her land. The Works Supervisor Agabwe Nankunda Barnard stated that the tarmac surface was put on an already existing road. At some stage he said the Town Clerk had promised to pay compensation to the plaintiff but later prevaricated saying he never heard what the conversation between the plaintiff and the Town clerk was about. As a matter of fact there was no written ev idence of any undertaking by the defendant to compensate the plaintiff. Lack of this and the evidence of DW1 and DW2 in denial lead me to the inevitable conclusion that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898 there was no such undertaking. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid728291 The fourth issue is whether the suit is time barred. Fro m the pleadings in the plaint the construction of the road happened around 26 April 2001. According to paragraph 8 of the plaint the plaintiff kept hoping she would be paid compensation until February 2003 when the Town Clerk finally told her no compensat ion would be forthcoming. The suit was in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898 stituted on 2nd September 2003. I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid728291 relate again to Paragraph 8 of the plaint: the Town Clerk kept the plaintiff in hope of getting compensation and because of the time taken, the pleadings state, the action is not time barred. I now }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898\charrsid728291 turn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid728291 to Order 7 rule 6 of the Civil P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898 rocedure Rules which provides: \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid996898 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898 \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid728291 Where the suit is instituted after the expiration of the period prescribed by the law of limitation the plaint shall show the grounds upon which exemption from such law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898 is claimed.\rquote \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid728291 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid728291 This was amplified in }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid996898 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\insrsid8585675\charrsid728291 ga vs Makerere University }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid728291 [1972] EA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8585675\charrsid728291 65. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid728291 The action here is a tort of trespass against a local authority. According to section 3 of the Civil Procedure and Limitation (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, Cap 72 an action of this nature ought to be instituted within two years of the date of the cause of action. I observed earlier on that the alleged construction of the road occurred on 26th April 2001 In order for the suit to be filed within time it ought to have been filed b efore 26th April 2003. Consequently when it was finally filed on 2t September 2003 it was outside time and had to comply with provisions of order }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid996898 7 rule }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid996898 6 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid996898 CPR. While}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid728291 the plaintiff gives the unsupported claim that she was kept waiting for compensation by the defendant, I do not find this ground enough for the delay as she could have gone ahead and filed the suit. Inevitably I find the a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898 ction is barred by limitation. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid728291 All in all}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid728291 this suit is dismissed and there is no need to consider }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid996898 issues }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid996898 5 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid996898 and 6 as they}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid728291 are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898 moot in the circumstances. \par Costs to the defendant. \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid996898 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898\charrsid8146100 P. K. Mugamba}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898\charrsid996898 Judge \par 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid996898\charrsid996898 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898\charrsid996898 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898\charrsid996898 June}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898\charrsid996898 2005 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid996898 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898\charrsid996898 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid996898\charrsid996898 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898\charrsid996898 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898\charrsid996898 June}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid996898 2005 \line Mr. Ngaruye for the plaintiff \line Both parties absent \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898 Ms Tushemerei}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid728291 rwe court clerk \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid8585675\charrsid728291 Court: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585675\charrsid728291 \line Judgment read in open court. \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid996898 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid996898\charrsid8146100 P. 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