[2005] UGCommC 78

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\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid12783534\charrsid8656675 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA}{\b\insrsid15861250\charrsid8656675 \par }{\b\insrsid12783534\charrsid8656675 \par IN THE HIGH COURT OF UGANDA HOLDEN AT KAMPALA \par \par COMMERCIAL COURT DIVISION \par \par }{\insrsid12783534 HCT-00-CC-CS-0158-2005 \par \par }{\b\insrsid12783534\charrsid8656675 Edmond Mbalekwire}{\insrsid12783534 t/a Edmond Mbale Stores Plaintiff \par \par Versus \par \par }{\b\insrsid12783534\charrsid8656675 Centenary Rural Development Bank Ltd}{\insrsid12783534 Defendant \par \par \par }{\b\ul\insrsid12783534\charrsid3891622 BEFORE: THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE FMS EGONDA-NTENDE \par \par JUDGMENT \par }{\insrsid12783534 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12783534 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3891622 { \insrsid12783534 The plaintiff, Edmond Mbalekwire, is seeking to recover from the defendant, Centenary Rural Development Bank Ltd, special and general damages, arising out of bank /customer relationship. It is alleged that the plaintiff had an account with the defendant at its Mbale branch, in which the plaintiff deposited monies, received from Care International on account of supplying that organisation with medical equipment. As of 13}{\super\insrsid12783534\charrsid12783534 th}{\insrsid12783534 June 2000, the plaintiff had Shs26,041,200.00 in that account. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12783534 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab} The plaintiff attempted to withdraw the said sum of money, and the defendant declined to pay the same, asserting that it had been obtained fraudulently, and that the plaintiff\rquote s account had been }{\insrsid15405299 closed}{\insrsid12783534 .}{ \insrsid15405299 The plaintiff contends that the defendant acted negligently and recklessly in closing the account aforesaid. }{\insrsid12783534 The plaintiff therefore claims from the defendant the said sum of money, plus interest of Shs4,000,000.00 as at the time of filing this suit, and further interest at 4% per annum from filing of this action till judgment is entered.}{\insrsid15405299 The plaintiff further claims general damages for breach of duty of care, interest on the special and general damages, and costs of the this suit.}{\insrsid12783534 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15405299 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}{\insrsid15405299 The d efendant opposed this action, asserting that the plaintiff had, in June 2000, deposited 4 cheques worth Shs53,531,200.00 on his account from Care International that had been fraudulently altered }{\insrsid3081201 in }{\insrsid15405299 the names of the payee from DMO Mbale to EDMOND MBALE STOR ES. The plaintiff then withdrew fraudulently Shs27,500,000.00 from the said account. Care International raised a complaint, and the defendant blocked the account. The defendant investigated the matter and concluded that that the plaintiff had fraudulently obtained the said cheques. }{\insrsid8656675 The defendant closed the plaintiffs account, and remitted the balance thereof, Shs26,041,200.00, back to Care International who had an account with the defendant's branch in Mbale, from which the said cheques had been drawn. Subsequently}{\insrsid3022789 it also remitted to Care International the sum of Shs27,500,000.00, which had been withdrawn from the plaintiffs account.}{\insrsid15405299 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3022789 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}{\insrsid3022789 The defendant counterclaimed for the sum of Shs27,500,000.00 that the plaintiff had withdrawn from his account, general damag es for fraud, interest and costs of the counterclaim, in addition to the dismissal of the plaintiff\rquote s suit with costs. In reply to the counter claim the plaintiff denied that he had acted fraudulently and he asserted that the money he had withdrawn was his money. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid80302 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}}{\insrsid80302 At scheduling stage the parties agreed upon the following facts. The plaintiff had an account number 008859 with the defendant at Mbale. Defendant\rquote s four cheques were issued by Care International to the tune of shs53,531,200.00. The cheques were dr awn against Care International\rquote s account No. 03355 with the defendant\rquote s Mbale branch. On the 1}{\super\insrsid80302\charrsid80302 st}{\insrsid80302 June 2000 the plaintiff withdrew shs27,500,000.00 leaving a balance of shs26,041,200.00. The defendant first blocked and subsequently closed the account}{\insrsid3081201 . The defendant}{\insrsid80302 passed over the balance of shs26,041,200.00 to Care International.}{\insrsid3022789 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10582781 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 6.\tab}}{\insrsid10582781 The plaintiff testified in support of his case. He was the only witness. He stated that}{\insrsid13506168 he is health consultant who used to supply medical equipment to Care International for which he was paid the 4 cheques in question. He did not know any names of any person in Care International. He recalls dealing with the purchasing officer. The equipment he remembers to have supplied was beds only and cannot recall the other items.}{ \insrsid80302 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13506168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 7.\tab}}{\insrsid13506168 He had been in business since 1999 using the name Edmond Mbale Stores but only registered the business name only on 29}{ \super\insrsid13506168\charrsid13506168 th}{\insrsid13506168 May 2000. He withdrew Shs27,500,000.00 and then he fell sick. He did not return to bank until about a year later, on return from Kenya where he had been receiving medical treatment. When he attempted to withdraw the balance he was refused and notified that his account had been closed. Following that he brought this action, after consulting with his lawyers. He now claims the balance that was on his account, interest and costs of the suit. He denied having fraudulently altered the cheques. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13506168 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 8.\tab}The defendant called }{\insrsid8656675 4}{\insrsid13506168 witnesses. }{\insrsid9659729 D}{\insrsid13506168 W1 was Ezati Samuel, a forensic examiner of questioned documents, employed by the Uganda Police Force. He is the holder of a certificate of Forensic Examination}{\insrsid7894231 of handwriting from the home office in the United Kingdom obtained in 1996. He is also the holder of a post graduate diploma in examination of questioned documents from the National Institute of Criminology, Delhi, India, obt ained in 2000. He has ten years of experience as a document examiner.}{\insrsid13506168 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7894231 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 9.\tab}}{\insrsid7894231 He received the four cheques, in question in this case,}{\insrsid9659729 marked them exhibit }{\insrsid16472060 1,2,3 and 4, }{ \insrsid14236507 (now exhibits D5, D6, D7 and D8 respectively) }{\insrsid16472060 and}{\insrsid9659729 then }{\insrsid7997637 examined them.}{\insrsid9659729 He produced a report which was admitted in evidence as exhibit D9.}{\insrsid16472060 In the report he sets out the nature of }{\insrsid8656675 examination}{\insrsid16472060 that he carried out, his findings and conclusion. }{\insrsid9659729 He reached the conclusion that the original payee on the cheques must have been DMO whatever this stands for. It was subsequently altered to read EDMOND}{\insrsid16472060 . DW1 was never cross examined by the plaintiff.}{\insrsid7894231 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16472060 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 10.\tab}}{\insrsid16472060 DW2 was Richard Nalera, who was the branch manager of the defendant\rquote s branch in Mbale in May/June 2000 when these events occurred. He recalls that the plaintiff opened an account with them, and then deposited four cheques totalling to Shs53,}{\insrsid2706510 000,000.00. The cheques were drawn by Care International on their account in the same bank. The plaintiff wished to withdraw Shs50,000,000.00 but the branch did not have the cash. The p laintiff was paid half as we made arrangements to pay the balance. In the meantime the witness called Care International and requested that in future they should advise the bank if they were to issue cheques that had to be paid in cash of such as th}{ \insrsid3081201 e cheques}{\insrsid2706510 issued to the plaintiff. Sandra of Care International responded that she does recall issuing any cheques to the plaintiff. They agreed that this should be reported to the police as internal investigations were carried out.}{\insrsid16472060 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2706510 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 11.\tab}}{\insrsid2706510 The police was alerted as }{\insrsid3081201 well as }{\insrsid2706510 the bank security personnel to be on the look out for the plaintiff. The plaintiff never came back to the bank to collect the balance. The plaintiff was never found. The witness received instructions from the bank headquarters to debit Edmond Mbale Sto res with the Sum of shs26,000,000.00 and credit }{\insrsid3081201 it }{\insrsid2706510 to headquarters. The witness subsequently left the bank for other employment. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2706510 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 12.\tab}DW3 was }{\insrsid14241582 Sandra Leslie Erikson, a public health consultant. In 2000 she was employed by Care International as a project director of Uganda }{\insrsid3081201 Family }{\insrsid14241582 Healthy Project.}{\insrsid14236507 She stated that she was a signatory to exhibits D5, D6, D7 and D8 which were cheques Care International had issued to DMO Mbale for training of health workers. Arising out of conversation between a project staff and a ban k official, the project accountant, Mr. Andrew Lowton, went to the bank to investigate the issue. }{\insrsid2706510 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14236507 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 13.\tab}}{\insrsid14236507 It was discovered that the 4 cheques went missing, having been picked by a person who was not the intended recipient. Care International wrote }{\insrsid3081201 to }{\insrsid14236507 the bank stopping payment in a letter dated 2}{ \super\insrsid14236507\charrsid14236507 nd}{\insrsid14236507 June 2000. Care International had never dealt with the plaintiff in anyway. Care International had never ordered any equi}{\insrsid4881318 pment from the plaintiff. Neither had the plaintiff ever supplied any equipment to Care International during the project period.}{\insrsid14236507 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4881318 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 14.\tab}}{\insrsid4881318 DW4 was }{\insrsid7171307 Dr. Wilbroad Oketcho who in May 2000 was working with the defendant as general manager, supervision. He received a report about the plaintiff having deposited on his account four cheques from Care International that were stolen. Investigation were carried out, and the management of the bank after advice from its lawyers decided to pay Care International Shs50,490,200. }{\insrsid8656675 Payment}{\insrsid7171307 for the said sum was effected}{\insrsid2848429 and the payment voucher in respect thereof was admitted into ev idence as exhibit D12. He instructed Mbale branch to debit the plaintiffs account with the sum of shs26,031,000.00, and credit it to headquarters. That was the close of the case for the defence.}{\insrsid4881318 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2848429 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 15.\tab}}{\insrsid2848429 At the scheduling conference the following issues were agreed upon by the parties. 1. Whether the defendant was justified to close the plaintiff\rquote s}{\insrsid10251464 account and pass over the balance to Care International; 2. What remedies if any is the plaintiff entitled to; 3. Whether the plaintiff stole, fraudulently altered and co nverted the proceeds of those cheques; 4. Whether the defendant is entitled to succeed on the counter claim.}{\insrsid2848429 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11100872 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 16.\tab}}{\insrsid11100872 I shall start with the first issue, and that is whether the defendant was justified to close the plaintiff\rquote s account and pass over the balance to Care International. The relationship between a customer and a bank is a contractual relationship, and it is now fairly }{\insrsid3081201 well }{\insrsid11100872 established that a bank will not close a customer \rquote s account without notice unless the account is the subject of unlawful activities. }{\insrsid3234357 See Paragraph 865 of }{\insrsid8656675 Encyclopaedia}{\insrsid3234357 of Banking Law by Cresswell et al, page C 464 (Butterworths) and Paget \rquote s Law of Banking, 12}{\super\insrsid3234357\charrsid3234357 th}{\insrsid3234357 Edition, page 122. Essays in African Banking Law and Practice by Grace Patrick Mukubwa et al, page 340 states, }{\insrsid8457892 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri1440\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1440\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15010612 {\insrsid3234357 \lquote Where the cust omer is using the account for illegal transactions, the bank is under no obligation to give reasonable notice to such customer before the closure of his or her account. The bank\rquote s duty not to aid illegality is superior.\rquote }{\insrsid10251464

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3234357 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 17.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3891622 { \insrsid3234357 I have examined all evidence in this case as adduced b}{\insrsid3081201 y}{\insrsid3234357 each party. It is not in dispute that the plaintiff opened this account, in his own words, to be able to bank the cheques that he \lquote received \rquote from Care International. He received 4 cheques, all from Care International. There was no othe r business transacted on this account save for the deposit of those cheques and the subsequent attempts to withdraw all the money on the account. According to the testimony of DW2 the attempt to withdraw all the money did not succeed, initially on account of the bank not having the necessary cash. However, subsequently }{\insrsid3081201 Care International}{\insrsid3234357 complained that those cheques were being paid to an unauthorised payee, Edmond Mbale Stores, instead of DMO Mbale. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3870536 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 18.\tab}}{\insrsid3870536 Care International not only complained to the bank as soo n as it learnt of the payments, but the project manager (DW2) testified here in this court, and stated that actually Care International had no business with the plaintiff and the plaintiff was not the original payee. The evidence of DW1, the questioned do cument examiner, corroborates the testimony of DW2, in so far as it asserts that DMO was altered to read EDMOND after DMO had been written. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3870536 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 19.\tab}Against this testimony is the testimony of the plaintiff who claimed the cheques were written to him by Care International on account of medical }{ \insrsid3081201 equipment }{\insrsid3870536 supplied to it by the plaintiff. The plaintiff cannot recall }{\insrsid3081201 the names of a single person or }{\insrsid3870536 anyone he dealt with or }{\insrsid8656675 the}{\insrsid3870536 }{\insrsid3081201 nature of }{\insrsid3870536 medical equipment that he supplied, save for beds. This is medical equipment worth shs5 0,000,000.00. The plaintiff has no records of any sort to back up his claim. When the alleged forgery was discovered, he disappeared for more than year. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3870536 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 20.\tab}Given the two versions I am satisfied that the version by the defendant is more credible and more proba ble than the version by the plaintiff. It would appear to me this account was opened for the sole purpose of receiving and cashing the four cheques exhibits D5, D6, D7 and D8 from Care International. These cheques got into the hands of the plaintiff witho ut the authorisation of the drawer, Care International. These cheques were subsequently altered}{\insrsid3081201 ,}{\insrsid16191381 fraudulently, changing the identity of the payee into the names of the plaintiff\rquote s firm. This plaintiff had no business with Care International, and had no reas on to receive these payments. This was a fraudulent scheme, in which the plaintiff was a principal participant, setting up the vehicle for the scam in the form of registration of the business name and opening an account in its name, with the defendant \rquote s branch in Mbale, where the account for Care International was.}{\insrsid3870536 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16191381 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 21.\tab}}{\insrsid16191381 On learning of the true facts, I am satisfied that the defendant had no alternative but to close the plaintiff}{\insrsid8656675 \rquote }{\insrsid16191381 s account, and arrange to remit the fruits of this fraudulent scheme back to the true owner thereof. Secondly, under }{\i\ul\insrsid16191381\charrsid3081201 Section 63 (1) of the Bills of Exchange Act}{\insrsid16191381 , these 4 cheques had been avoided, and thus invalidated by virtue of the alterations. It states, }{\insrsid3891622 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri1440\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1440\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3891622 {\insrsid16191381 \lquote (1) Where a bill or acceptance is materially altered without the assent of all p arties liable on the bill, the bill is avoided, except as against a party who has himself or herself made, authorised, or assented to the alteration, and subsequent endorsers; except that where a bill has been materially altered, but the alteration is no apparent, and the bill is in the hands of a holder in due course, the holder may avail himself}{\insrsid11235679 or herself of the bill as it }{\insrsid16191381 had not been altered and may enforce}{\insrsid11235679 payment of it according to original tenor.\rquote }{\insrsid16191381 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11235679 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 22.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3891622 { \insrsid11235679 The plaintiff is not a holder in due course. This cheque was not endorsed to him. It was altered to him, instead of the payee, without the consent of Care International. }{\insrsid8656675 This}{\insrsid3081201 ,}{\insrsid8656675 in my view, amounted to a material alteration, within the meaning of the provisions referred to above. }{\i\ul\insrsid8656675\charrsid3081201 In Mair v Bank of Nova Scotia, [1980-1984]LRC (Comm) 28}{\insrsid8656675 , a decision of the Court of Appeal of Eastern Caribbean States, on appeal from a decision of the High Court of Antigua and Barbuda, the equivalent of the above provisions were considered. A payee }{\insrsid2114934 in respect of a cheque of $6,00 0 drawn on the respondent bank altered and added }{\insrsid3081201 the word, \lquote }{\insrsid2114934 Associates}{\insrsid3081201 \rquote }{\insrsid2114934 to the names of the payee, \lquote Barbara Hill\rquote and endorsed the addition. The drawer of the cheque sued for reimbursement on account that the alteration was material and had avoided the ch eque. He lost in the High Court, and on appeal, the Court of Appeal found that the addition without the consent of the drawer, of the word, \lquote Associate\rquote to the name of the payee was a material alteration which avoided the cheque. However}{ \insrsid3081201 ,}{\insrsid2114934 as the drawer had not proved that he had suffered any damage he would only be entitled to nominal damages}{\insrsid8656675 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2114934 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 23.\tab}}{\insrsid2114934 Turning back to the facts of this case, it is clear that the cheques were altered, as to the identity of the payee, without the consent of the drawer, Care International. This was a material alteration which avoided t}{\insrsid8656675 he 4 cheques}{ \insrsid2114934 . A}{\insrsid11235679 voidance did not depend on the alteration being apparent on the face of the bill}{\insrsid2114934 as the new payee was not }{\insrsid3235979 the}{\insrsid2114934 holder of a bill of exchange in due course.}{ \insrsid11235679 In the circumstances, since the cheques were invalidated by the alteration in accordance with Section 63 (1) of the Bills of Exchange Act, the value thereof, could not accrue to the plaintiff\rquote s account with the defendant. The defendant was entitled to recover the proceeds }{\insrsid3235979 that were }{\insrsid11235679 still on the plaintiff\rquote s account. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11235679 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 24.\tab} In answer to issue number 1 I am therefore satisfied that the defendant was right to close the account of the plaintiff and to pass over the balance on the account to Care International. In this regard the plaintiff is not entitled to any remedies.

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11235679 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 25.\tab} Having answered issue number 1 in the manner that I have done, the findings of fact thereto address, in my view, issue number 3. This is whether the plaintiff stole, fraudulently }{\insrsid8656675 altered}{\insrsid11235679 and converted the proceeds of the cheques in question. }{\insrsid8656675 Whereas}{\insrsid11235679 it is may be debateable whe}{\insrsid3235979 ther}{\insrsid11235679 the plaintiff stole the cheques in question from Care International as no direct evidence has been led on this matter of stealing the cheques, it is not }{\insrsid3235979 in }{\insrsid11235679 question that these cheques}{\insrsid3235979 ,}{ \insrsid11235679 once they got into the hands of the plaintiff and he presented them to the bank, the}{\insrsid3235979 y }{\insrsid11235679 had been fraudulently }{\insrsid8656675 altered}{\insrsid5528040 , to read the plaintiff, who was not the original and intended payee. The plaintiff proceeded to convert the proceeds thus illegally obtained and this suit is another s}{\insrsid3235979 t}{\insrsid5528040 e}{\insrsid3235979 p}{\insrsid5528040 , in seeking to retain, this ill gotten proceeds from the said cheque. The plaintiff was never entitled to these proceeds.}{\insrsid11235679 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5528040 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 26.\tab}}{\insrsid5528040 As the plaintiff was never entitled to the proceeds of these cheques, the defendants counter-claim, of sums wrongly paid to the plaintiff are recoverable from him. The defendant\rquote s counter-claim in the result succeeds. The plaintiff is ordered to pay the defendant Shs27,500,000.00. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5528040 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 27.\tab}In the counter claim there is a further claim for general damages for fraud. The action here is based on contract. Damages must be proved. No direct evidence was led in proof of damages. I am satisfied though that the defendant must have been greatly inconvenienced, and put to some cost. For instance it engaged into investigations into this matter arising out of the plaintiff\rquote s conduct. It effected payment to Care International money that had been paid to the plaintiff.}{\insrsid12465428 All these are expenses that it would otherwise not have incurred but for the conduct of the plaintiff. In the premises the defendant }{\insrsid3081201 is}{\insrsid12465428 entitled to some general damages, which I assess at shs5,000,000.00. }{ \insrsid5528040 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12465428 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 28.\tab}}{\insrsid12465428 The defendant claimed interest on the Shs27,500,000.00. It did not specify in its pleadings the rate of interest claimed. Nor did it indicate for what period. In its evidence, interest was never addressed. In the result I will order interest on the decretal sum at court rate from date of judgment till realisation in full. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3891622 {\insrsid12465428 Dated, signed, delivered at Kampala this 22}{\super\insrsid12465428\charrsid12465428 nd}{\insrsid12465428 day of December 2005 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12465428 {\insrsid12465428 \par \par \par \par \par \par \par \par FMS Egonda-Ntende \par Judge \par }}