[2009] UGHC 161

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\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3952659 \chftnsepc \par }}\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\footerl \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar \tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\pvpara\phmrg\posxr\posy0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9326920 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\field{\*\fldinst { \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\insrsid602613 PAGE }}{\fldrslt }}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\insrsid602613 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri360\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin0\itap0\pararsid4806375 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid602613 \par }}{\footerr \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\pvpara\phmrg\posxr\posy0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9326920 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\insrsid602613 PAGE }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid5056501 8}}}\sectd \ltrsect \linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\insrsid602613 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri360\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin0\itap0\pararsid4806375 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid602613 \par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5056501 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6311670\charrsid5056501 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \par IN THE HIGH COURT OF UGANDA AT KAMPALA \par CIVIL SUIT NO. 04 OF 2002}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6311670 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5056501\charrsid5056501 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5056501 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6311670\charrsid5056501 GIDUDU MICHEAL :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5056501 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6311670\charrsid5056501 PLAINTIFF \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5056501 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5056501 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6311670\charrsid5056501 VERSUS \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4806375\charrsid5056501 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6311670\charrsid5056501 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-450\li810\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx810\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin810\itap0\pararsid5056501 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6311670\charrsid5056501 TERRA FIRMA CONST}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4806375\charrsid5056501 RUCTION \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li810\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin810\itap0\pararsid5056501 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4806375\charrsid5056501 (U) LTD. :::: }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5056501 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4806375\charrsid5056501 DEFENDANT \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4806375\charrsid5056501 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-450\li810\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx810\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin810\itap0\pararsid5056501 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4806375\charrsid5056501 BRUCE MARTIN \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5056501 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4806375\charrsid5056501 \par BEFORE: HON. JUSTICE REMMY K. KASULE \par \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5056501 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid525438\charrsid5056501 JUDGMENT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4806375\charrsid5056501 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5056501 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid525438\charrsid5056501 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5056501 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525438\charrsid5056501 Plaintiff sued both defendants severally and jointly for Shs.9,000,000/= salary arrears as well as general damages for breach of contract of employment. \par \par Defendants denied being liable to plaintiff severally or jointly. \par \par At scheduling the parties agreed that the plaintiff was engaged to erect rig towers in Uganda and did erect some rig towers. Plaintiff was also issued with Identity Card}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525438\charrsid5056501 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525438\charrsid5056501 xhibit P1 by the first defendant. Some remuneration was also paid to the plaintiff.

\par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid525438\charrsid5056501 The issues framed for determination by court are:- \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525438\charrsid5056501 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-510\li870\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx870\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin870\itap0\pararsid5056501 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525438\charrsid5056501 Whether or not the plaintiff was in the employment of the defendants. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14365956\charrsid5056501 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14365956\charrsid5056501 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525438\charrsid5056501 f so, whether or not plaintiff was fully paid his remuneration, and, \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14365956\charrsid5056501 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14365956\charrsid5056501 Whether}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525438\charrsid5056501 or not plaintiff is entitled to any damages. \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5056501 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525438\charrsid5056501 \par The plaintiff testified in person and called no witnesses. The second defendant testified in person for himself and the first defendant. Defendants called no other witness. \par \par As to the first issue, the case of plaintiff deduced from his evidence to Court, is that he was employed as a constructor of telephone masts from 02.03.00 at an agreed upon }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14365956\charrsid5056501 monthly}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525438\charrsid5056501 salary of shs.450,000/=; and pursuant to this employment relationship, he was issued with an Identity Card: Exhibit P1. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14365956\charrsid5056501 He}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525438\charrsid5056501 was also paid his monthly salary f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 or the first two months. Therea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525438\charrsid5056501 fter he was paid by the Defendants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525438\charrsid5056501 accommodation, transport }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14365956\charrsid5056501 and food allowances, from time to time, the amounts varying}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14365956\charrsid5056501 depending on the place where he constructed the mast}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14365956\charrsid5056501 in the country. As to the monthly salary payment, both defendants promised to pay him on some future date.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525438\charrsid5056501 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14365956\charrsid5056501 \par His main responsibility}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14365956\charrsid5056501 as an employee of the defendants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 ,}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14365956\charrsid5056501 was to lead and supervise a team of seventeen other employees recruited and given to him by the defendants to carry out the construction of the masts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14365956\charrsid5056501 at the various sites}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14365956\charrsid5056501 all over the country. The defendants were responsible for paying the salaries and other remuneration of the said seventeen other employees. \par \par The plaintiff, worked for the plaintiffs, up to December, 2001. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14365956\charrsid5056501 e was not paid his monthly salary of Shs.450,000/= for the period of March, May 2000 up to December 2000 and for the whole year of 2001, making a total of twenty (2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14365956\charrsid5056501 ) Calendar months, thus }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5112459\charrsid5056501 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14365956\charrsid5056501 hs.(450,000 x 20) = 9,000,000/=}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5112459\charrsid5056501 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14365956 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5056501\charrsid5056501 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5112459\charrsid5056501 According to plaintiff he made demand of payment to the defendants, and when no payment was effected he sought the assistance of the Uganda Government}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5112459\charrsid5056501 Ministry of Labour. He did so together with some of other seventeen employees}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5112459\charrsid5056501 who too}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5112459\charrsid5056501 had not been paid their salaries by the Defendants. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6311670\charrsid5056501 It}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5112459\charrsid5056501 is while the complaint was at the Ministry of Labour, that the defendants approached the plaintiff and other employees and offered to pay them amounts of money less than what they were entitled to. The plaintiff was offered t o be paid shs.900,000/=. The other employess agreed to the defendants\rquote offer and were actually paid and they dropped the complaint. The plaintiff refused and insisted to be paid what was due to him. He opted to sue the defendants; as he felt he was not receiving requisite assistance from the Ministry of labour. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid934198\charrsid5056501 The case of defendants, from the evidence of the second defendant, is that the defendants engaged the plaintiff as an independent contractor to cons}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 truct masts f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid934198\charrsid5056501 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid934198\charrsid5056501 MTN at their various sites throughout the country. The responsibility of the plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid934198\charrsid5056501 as such independent contractor}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid934198\charrsid5056501 was to collect from defendants, deliver and construct the mast at the indicated site for the defendants. The defendant was one of such three independent contractors engaged by the defendants. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5112459\charrsid5056501 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid934198\charrsid5056501 \par According to the second defendant, the plaintiff was paid for each mast that he constructed and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6311670\charrsid5056501 there}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid934198\charrsid5056501 was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid934198\charrsid5056501 balance of payment still due to the plaintiff. \par The identity card, exhibit P1, had been issued to the plaintiff only for the purpose of enabling him to access premises of the defendants. It was no proof that the plaintiff was an employee of the defendants. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 Second defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid934198\charrsid5056501 denied any knowledge of having compromised the claim lodged by other employees to the Ministry of Labour, by paying them less than they were entitled to. He also denied any offer of Shs.900,000/= to the plaintiff so as to settle his claim. \par \par A contract of employment is an agreement between the employer and employee giving rise to obligations between employer and the employee which are enforce}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 able or recognizable by the law. }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid934198\charrsid5056501 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 Such}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid934198\charrsid5056501 a contract, like other contracts, may be inferred and implied from the conduct of the parties concerned. \par \par In this case the burden is upon the plaintiff to establish, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid934198\charrsid5056501 a balan ce of probabilities, that he ws employed under the direction and control of the defendants and that he was entitled to a wage or salary: See: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid934198\charrsid5056501 CASSIDY \endash Vs- MINISTER OF HEALTH : [1951] ALLER 57}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid934198\charrsid5056501 . \par \par The plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid934198\charrsid5056501 in order to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6311670\charrsid5056501 succeed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid934198\charrsid5056501 has to discharge this burden, because the principle of law is that:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid934198 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5056501\charrsid5056501 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5056501 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid934198\charrsid5056501 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid934198\charrsid5056501 Where one person has by words or conduct made to the other party a promise or assurance which was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7498633\charrsid5056501 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid934198\charrsid5056501 intended to affect the legal conditions between them and be acted on accordingly, then once the other party has taken him at his word and acted on it the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7498633\charrsid5056501 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid934198\charrsid5056501 one who gave the promise cannot afterwards be allowed to revert to the previous relationship as if no }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7498633\charrsid5056501 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid934198\charrsid5056501 such promise had been made.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid934198\charrsid5056501 : See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid934198\charrsid5056501 COMBE VS COMBE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7498633\charrsid5056501 [1951] 2 KB 215 relying on : I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7498633\charrsid5056501 CENTRAL \tab LONDON PROP ERTY TRUST LIMITED VS HIGH TREES HOUSE [1947]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7498633\charrsid5056501 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid934198\charrsid5056501 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5056501 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7498633\charrsid5056501 \par Bearing the above principles of law in mind, court will proceed to examine the evidence adduced by both parties in order to be able to determine whether or not the plaintiff has discharged the burden cast upon him.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5112459\charrsid5056501 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7498633\charrsid5056501 \par Court notes that in paragraph 4 of the amended written statement of defence filed in court on 27.03.06 the defendants pleaded:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7498633 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5056501\charrsid5056501 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5056501 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7498633\charrsid5056501 \'93 The defendants aver and contend that they have never employed the plaintiff to erect and rig }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5056501 owers, a business }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7498633\charrsid5056501 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5056501 hey have never been }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7498633\charrsid5056501 involved in.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7498633 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5056501 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5056501\charrsid5056501 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7498633\charrsid5056501 This part of the pleading is directly contradictory to the evidence of the second defendant. No explanation was offered to court by the defendants for this contradiction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5112459\charrsid5056501 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7498633\charrsid5056501 \par The evidence of second defendant is that plaintiff was issued with an identity card}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7498633\charrsid5056501 Exhibit P1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7498633\charrsid5056501 so as to enable plaintiff access defendants\rquote premises; and not as a monthly salaried employee of the defendants. In his evidence second defendant denied ever issuing an identity card to the plaintiff. \par \par According to him it is the first defendant who issued the identity card to the plaintiff. This assertion of the second defendant is again }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7498633\charrsid5056501 direct contradiction of what the defendants pleaded in paragraph 5 of their already referred to amended written stat ement of defence where it is pleaded that it is the second defendant who issued to the plaintiff the said Identity Card. Again no explanation was offered to court by the defendants for this contradiction. \par \par The Identity Card, Exhibit P1, has the photograph }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15230325\charrsid5056501 of the plaintiff attached to it together with his names. The plaintiff is stated on the card to be an employee of the first defendant, whose name, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8671323\charrsid5056501 post office address, stamp and logo are prominently displayed on the card. The position of the plaintiff is stated to be that of : Engineer/Rigger. Below his signature are the typed words \'93Employee sign.\'94 The card is counter signed by the Manager of the first Defendant. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7498633\charrsid5056501 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8671323\charrsid5056501 \par On the opposite side of the Identity Card are words to the effect that the card authorizes the bearer to conduct business on behalf of the first defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8671323\charrsid5056501 and that the card must be presented on entering sites of the first defendant or on request when receiving salary, utilizing company transport or when being on company premises. \par \par This court received no credible explanation from the defendants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8671323\charrsid5056501 as to why}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8671323\charrsid5056501 the plaintiff was described and made to sign as an employee of the first defendant when he was not. Defendants offered no evidence as to why they did not issue to the plaintiff such a do cument of identity stating that he was carrying out sub-contract work}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8671323\charrsid5056501 as an independent contractor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8671323\charrsid5056501 for them. \par \par It is the fi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 nding of court that the wording}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8671323\charrsid5056501 of the Identity Card and its overall format support the assertion that the same was an identity card issued to a salaried employee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8671323\charrsid5056501 other than}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8671323\charrsid5056501 to an independent sub-contractor. \par \par The evidence of the plaintiff, and agreed upon by the second defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8671323\charrsid5056501 is that the defendants }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3548125\charrsid5056501 paid him a monthly s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2114095\charrsid5056501 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3548125\charrsid5056501 lary of Shs.450,000/= per month for the first two or three mo nths of his taking up employment. According to second defendant, this payment was effected because the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2114095\charrsid5056501 plaintiff was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3548125\charrsid5056501 being trained by them at this time. The plaintiff\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5056501\charrsid5056501 version}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3548125\charrsid5056501 is that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3548125\charrsid5056501 defendants were promising to pay him in future}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3548125\charrsid5056501 every time he made demand for payment. When he was not succeeding in his demands, he referred the matter to the Ministry of Labour.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8671323\charrsid5056501 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3548125\charrsid5056501 \par Court received no documentary evidence whatsoever that the defendants carried out a training course for the plaintiff for the period he was paid a salary month}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 ly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3548125\charrsid5056501 . No evidence was given as to what type of training was given to the plaintiff, where the same took place, and who carried out the training. \par \par On the other hand, the fact that the plaintiff, went as far as referring the matter of his demand for payment of his monthly salary of shs.(450,000/=}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 ),}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3548125\charrsid5056501 for the period he worked, up to the Ministry of Labour}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3548125\charrsid5056501 shows consistency of the plaintiff in his demand for what he took as due to him. \par \par It is noted by Court that at the commencement of the hearing of the case on 17.05.04, the Court, Tabaro J., order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 ed the defendants to produce to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3548125\charrsid5056501 court the payment vouchers, defendants claimed to have in possession, against which the plaintiff is alleged to have signed on receipt of payments from the defendants, wh en being paid as an independent sub-contractor. The defendants undertook to produce the same on 19.10.04, but they never did so, and on 13-06-07, learned Counsel for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5056501 defendants, Paul Kuteesa, Esq., }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3548125\charrsid5056501 stated to Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2114095\charrsid5056501 that there w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 ere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2114095\charrsid5056501 no payment vouchers to be produced by defendants to Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3548125\charrsid5056501 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2114095\charrsid5056501 \par Before court, the second defendant, attempted to explain that all records pertaining to the plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2114095\charrsid5056501 and what he did for them had been destroyed under a law that required that such documents be destroyed after being kept for seven (7) years. He did not disclose this law. Neither did he explain why the sub-contracto}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 r payment certificate, annexed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2114095\charrsid5056501 to the amended written statement of defence, which the defendants attempted to rely on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2114095\charrsid5056501 as proof of payment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2114095\charrsid5056501 to the plaintiff, was itself not destroyed. \par \par This court has studied in detail the stated \'93payment certificate\'94 annexed to the amended written statement of defence of the defendants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2114095\charrsid5056501 and finds in it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2114095\charrsid5056501 nothing relevant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2114095\charrsid5056501 to support the assertion of the defendants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2114095\charrsid5056501 that they paid the plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2114095\charrsid5056501 as an independent sub-contractor. It has no value as a piece of evidence to this case. \par \par For the reasons given, this court prefers to believe the evidence of the plaintiff, and finds that of the defendants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2114095\charrsid5056501 suspect and unreliable on the issue whether or not the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9372929\charrsid5056501 plaintiff was in the employment of the defendants. \par \par Court finds as established by the plaintiff, on a balance of probabilities, that the second defendant, as part and parcel of the first defendant, recruited the plaintiff, and thereafter both defendants jointly and/or severally employed the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11303441\charrsid5056501 plaintiff as their employee from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9372929\charrsid5056501 01.03.00 to 30.11.01. \par \par The answer to the first issue is that the plaintiff was in the employment of the defendants as a monthly salaried employee from 01.03.000 to 30.11.01. \par \par The second issue: whether or not plaintiff was full}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16267222\charrsid5056501 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9372929\charrsid5056501 paid his remuneration: the evidence of plaintiff, which court accepts as truthful, is that his monthly salary was shs.450,000/= and that though he worked for the defendants from 01.03.00, u p to 30.11.01; he was only paid for two months. The period 01.03.00 to 30.11.01: is twenty (20) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6311670\charrsid5056501 Calendar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9372929\charrsid5056501 months. Since the plaintiff admits that he was paid for two months, it follows therefore that he was not paid for eighteen months of this period, shs.(450,000 x 18) = 8,100,000/=. \par \par Court therefore answers the second issue by holding that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16267222\charrsid5056501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9372929\charrsid5056501 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16267222\charrsid5056501 on }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9372929\charrsid5056501 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16267222\charrsid5056501 basis of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9372929\charrsid5056501 evidence adduced}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16267222\charrsid5056501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9372929\charrsid5056501 plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16267222\charrsid5056501 , has established on a balance of probabilities, that he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9372929\charrsid5056501 was not paid arrears of salary of shs.8,100,000/=. \par \par The third issue is whether or not the plaintiff is entitled to any damages. Court, by resolving the first and second issues, resolves the third issue by holding that the plaintiff is entitled to Shs.8,100,000/= arrears of salary. \par \par Court also notes that the plaintif f has been deprived of his salary for no valid reason since 01.03.00 up to date. It is thus proper and appropriate that plaintiff is awarded general damages by reason thereof. Court thus awards plaintiff shs.1,500,000/= general damages by reason thereof . \par \par Accordingly Judgment is entered for the plaintiff jointly and severally against the defendants for:- \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9372929\charrsid5056501 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-510\li870\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx870\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin870\itap0\pararsid5056501 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9372929\charrsid5056501 Shs.8,100,000/= arrears of salary. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9372929\charrsid5056501 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}Shs.1,500,000/= general damages. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9372929\charrsid5056501 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}Interest }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16267222\charrsid5056501 is awarded }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9372929\charrsid5056501 on the sums in (a) and (b) above at the rate of 18% p.a., the said interest to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6311670\charrsid5056501 run from 30.11.01 in respect of the sum awarded in (a) above, being arrears of salary, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16267222\charrsid5056501 from the date of judgment in respect of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6311670\charrsid5056501 sum awarded in (b) above, being general damages, till payment in full.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9372929\charrsid5056501 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5056501 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6311670\charrsid5056501 \par The plaintiff is also awarded the costs of the suit jointly and/or severally against }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16267222\charrsid5056501 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6311670\charrsid5056501 defendants. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6311670\charrsid5056501 Remmy K. Kasule \par Judge \par 28}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\super\insrsid6311670\charrsid5056501 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6311670\charrsid5056501 August, 2009}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525438\charrsid5056501 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5056501\charrsid5056501 \par }{\*\themedata 504b030414000600080000002100828abc13fa0000001c020000130000005b436f6e74656e745f54797065735d2e786d6cac91cb6ac3301045f785fe83d0b6d8 72ba28a5d8cea249777d2cd20f18e4b12d6a8f843409c9df77ecb850ba082d74231062ce997b55ae8fe3a00e1893f354e9555e6885647de3a8abf4fbee29bbd7 2a3150038327acf409935ed7d757e5ee14302999a654e99e393c18936c8f23a4dc072479697d1c81e51a3b13c07e4087e6b628ee8cf5c4489cf1c4d075f92a0b 44d7a07a83c82f308ac7b0a0f0fbf90c2480980b58abc733615aa2d210c2e02cb04430076a7ee833dfb6ce62e3ed7e14693e8317d8cd0433bf5c60f53fea2fe7 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