[2004] UGSC 36

Source-derived case information.

Citation: [2004] UGSC 36
Parties: Appellant: Cpl Kasirye Hamuza; Appellant: PC Musingo Peter; Appellant: Nuru Konde Waiswa; Appellant: Ndolerire Fred; Appellant: Sgt Kule Dennis; Respondent: Uganda
Court: Supreme Court of Uganda
Jurisdiction: Uganda
Case Number: Criminal Appeal 44 of 2001
Procedural Posture: Criminal Appeal / Supreme Court Final Appeal
Outcome: Appeals of first, second, fourth, and fifth appellants dismissed; appeal of third appellant allowed.
Legal Topics: Aggravated Robbery, Common Intention, Confession Evidence, Compulsion Defence, Identification Evidence
Source Language: en

Criminal Law Civil Procedure Aggravated Robbery Common Intention Confession Evidence Compulsion Defence Identification Evidence

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Summary, issues, holding and outcome

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Downloadable case file Legal principles 5 Authorities cited 6 Party arguments 2

Parties

Cpl Kasirye Hamuza

Appellant

PC Musingo Peter

Appellant

Nuru Konde Waiswa

Appellant

Ndolerire Fred

Appellant

Sgt Kule Dennis

Appellant

Uganda

Respondent

Procedural Posture

Criminal Appeal / Supreme Court Final Appeal

Legal Issues

1 Whether the doctrine of common intention was properly applied to the appellants in relation to the robberies committed.
2 Whether the defence of compulsion was available to the first appellant.
3 Whether extra-judicial confessions were properly admitted and corroborated.

Ratio Decidendi

The Supreme Court found that the doctrine of common intention was properly applied to the first, second, fourth, and fifth appellants, as their actions demonstrated a shared purpose to commit aggravated robbery. The defence of compulsion raised by the first appellant was rejected, as the evidence did not support immediate threats of death or grievous harm, and his conduct was inconsistent with acting under duress. The confessions of the appellants were found to be voluntary and, where necessary, corroborated by independent evidence, particularly eyewitness identification. The identification evidence against the second and fifth appellants was strong, as witnesses knew them previously and...

Court Disposition

Appeals of first, second, fourth, and fifth appellants dismissed; appeal of third appellant allowed.

Orders

Convictions and sentences of Cpl Kasirye Hamuza, PC Musingo Peter, Ndolerire Fred, and Sgt Kule Dennis are upheld.
Conviction and sentence of Nuru Konde Waiswa are quashed; he is to be released unless held for another lawful purpose.

Full Case Text

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{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid6235308 \par }{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF UGANDA \par }\pard \s17\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs35\b\fs26\ul\insrsid9203902 AT MENGO \par }\pard\plain \s23\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid6235308 \par }{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. }{\cs40\b\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902\charrsid6235308 44}{\cs40\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 OF }{\cs40\b\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902\charrsid6235308 2001}{\cs40\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902

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A) dated 28/8/2001 in Criminal Appeal No. 70 of 1999). \par }\pard\plain \s17\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par }\pard \s17\qc \li0\ri0\sb120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs35\b\fs26\ul\insrsid9203902 JUDGMENT OF THE COURT \par }\pard\plain \s28\qj \li0\ri0\sb187\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 This is a second appeal. The appellants were convicted }{ \cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 y the High Court on five counts of aggravated ro}{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 r}{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 y contra}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 r}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 y to Sections 272 and 273 (2) of the Penal Code Act. The fifth appellant was, in addition, convicted of murder contrary to sections 183 and 184 of the Penal Code Act, in count one. They appealed to the Court of Appeal which allowed the appeal on count one as regards the fifth appellant and counts 3,4 and5 in respect of all the appellants. The appeal was dismissed in respect of counts 2 and 6. The appeal before us now is in respect of those two co unts. \par }\pard\plain \s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb67\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 The }{\cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid9203902\charrsid6235308 b}{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 rief facts of the case as presented }{\cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 efore the trial court and accepted }{ \cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 y it are as follows: \par }\pard\plain \s28\qj \fi710\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par }\pard \s28\qj \fi710\li0\ri0\sb43\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 The appellants planned to go and ro}{\cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{ \cs41\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 a coffee factory }{\cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 elonging to one Sentongo Salongo at Jinja. The fourth appellant Fred Ndoleire hired a car Reg. N o. UBG 969 from a tours agent known as Equator Tours and Travel Company in Kampala for the purpose of accomplishing the plan. On 7/5/1996, Kasirye and Ndolerire, the first and fourth appellants respectively, left Kampala for Jinja, in the said vehicle whi ch was driven }{\cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 y Hamuza Kasirye from Kampala to Jinja. On reaching Jinja the two went to the home of the third appellant, Nuru Konde Waiswa, where they were joined }{\cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 y the oth}{ \cs45\i\f35\fs18\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 r appellants and o}{\cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 tained two pistols. The group then proceeded to the place of the intended ro}{ \cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ery. On arrival at the factory Kasirye was recognised }{\cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 y the workers who greeted him as a person whom they knew }{\cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 efore. Thereupon Kasirye told his fellow ro}{ \cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ery conspirators that the mission was impossi}{\cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 le. The planned ro}{ \cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ery in that place was a}{\cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 andoned. The team decided to go and carry out ro}{\cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 eries elsewhere to avoid going }{\cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ack empty-handed. In order to execute the new plan, the group, which at that time did not include Nuru Konde Waiswa and Fred Ndolerire, proceeded to Kamuli where they committed a num}{ \cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 er of ro}{\cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 eries and one murder. The appellants were later on arrested at different places and times, Kasirye, Musingo and Ndolerire made charge and caution statements to the police, }{\cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ut the trial Judge rejected them; he however admitted in evidence the statements made }{\cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 y the same appellants to the magistrate grade I, Mr. Auguandia Godfrey Opifen, (PW7). \par }\pard \s28\qj \fi706\li0\ri0\sb67\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 At the trial, all the appellants denied ever having committed the offences. Each of them gave different defences. Kaisrye admitted having }{\cs44\f35\fs22\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 een present when the offences were }{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 eing committed }{\cs44\f35\fs22\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ut he pleaded that he was acting under compulsion. Musingo, Nuru Konde Waiswa and Sgt. Denis Kule pleaded ali}{\cs44\f35\fs22\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 i. Fred Ndolerire, while admitting that he hired the vehicle from Kampala to Jinja, he denied that it was for the purpose of committing any offence. It was for the purpose of collecting his de}{\cs44\f35\fs22\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ts. \par }\pard \s28\qj \fi710\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par }\pard \s28\qj \fi710\li0\ri0\sb67\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 The learned trial judge rejected all the defences and convicted the appellants and sentenced each of them to death. Hence this appeal. \par }\pard\plain \s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb226\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 The first appellant Kasirye Hamuza (A1) framed two grounds in support of his appeal. They are: - \par {\pntext\pard\plain\s27 \cs35\b\f35\fs26 \hich\af35\dbch\af0\loch\f35 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \s27\ql \fi-720\li1080\ri0\sb307\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx1080{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pndec\pnf35\pnstart1\pnindent720 {\pntxta .}} \faauto\ls2\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 The learned Justices of Appeal erred in law and fact when they upheld the trial Court's finding that the doctrine of common intention applied to the first appellant.}{\cs42\b\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\s27 \cs35\b\f35\fs26 \hich\af35\dbch\af0\loch\f35 2.\tab}}\pard \s27\ql \fi-720\li1080\ri0\sb326\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx1080{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls2\pnrnot0\pndec\pnf35\pnstart1\pnindent720 {\pntxta .}} \faauto\ls2\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 The learned }{\cs36\b\i\f37\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 J}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 ustices of appeal erred in law and fact when they upheld the trial court's dismissal of the first appellant's defence of compulsion.}{\cs42\b\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 \par }\pard\plain \s28\qj \fi710\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par \par }\pard \s28\qj \fi710\li0\ri0\sb19\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 Mr. Steven Mu}{\cs44\f35\fs22\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 iru who appeared for this appellant, argued the two grounds separat}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ly. On th}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 first ground h}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 e }{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 su}{\cs44\f35\fs22\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 mitt}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 d that the Justic}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 s of Appeal were wrong when they held that the appellant shared a common intention with the oth}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 r app}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 llants and that th}{ \cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 appellant's counsel conceded to that fact when there was no evidence to support that finding. According to him, the appellant's counsel at the trial conceded only to what happened at the factory where the original plan a}{\cs44\f35\fs22\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 orted }{\cs44\f35\fs22\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ut not what took place later. Mr. Mu}{\cs44\f35\fs22\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 iru further su}{\cs44\f35\fs22\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 mitted that although the appellant took part in the hiring of the vehicle he did not know that those who hired it were going to use it for stealing. \par }\pard \s28\qj \fi710\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par }\pard \s28\qj \fi710\li0\ri0\sb230\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 Mr. Michael Wamase}{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 u Assistant D. P. P, who appeared for the respondent, conceded that the Justices of Appeal were not correct when they held that Mr. Muguluma had conceded }{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 efore them that the appellant had willingly participated in the commission of the offences. \par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par \par }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 This is what their Lordships said on this point: \par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li725\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin725\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par }\pard \s17\ql \li725\ri0\sb72\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin725\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 "Mr. Edward Muguluma Damulira learned counsel for the first appellant conceded that from the on set up to the site of the planned robbery which aborted the appellant was part and parcel of the plan to rob". \par }\pard\plain \s28\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb182\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 With due respect to their Lordships, this passage does not agree with what Mr. Muguluma said in that court according to the availa}{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 le record. Th e following statement is what Mr. Muguluma said: - \par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li730\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin730\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par \par }\pard \s17\ql \li730\ri0\sb139\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tldot\tx7589\faauto\rin0\lin730\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 "Mr. Mugulama for }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 A1}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 states it is our submission that }{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 A1}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 had}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid6235308 }{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 nothing to do with the plan to rob Haji Sentongo of Jinja. }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 A1}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 was}{ \cs35\b\fs26\insrsid6235308 }{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 a mere hire driver he was hired on 7/5/96 by}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid6235308 }{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 Ndolerire\tab " \par }\pard\plain \s28\qj \fi725\li0\ri0\sb178\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 We agree with counsel on }{ \cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 oth sides that the holding }{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 y the Court of Appeal a}{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 out the purported concession }{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 y Mr. Muguluma concerning appellant's participation in the commission of the offences was not }{ \cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ased on what was on the record. Mr. Muguluma only conceded to the appellant having }{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 een hired to driv}{ \cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 a v}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 hicl}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 from Kampala to Jinja. \par }\pard \s28\qj \fi715\li0\ri0\sb67\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 On the issu}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 of common intention, Mr. Wamase}{ \cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 u su}{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 mitted that the appellant was not a mere innocent driver who did not know for what the vehicle had }{ \cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 een hired. According to him the appellant must have known that the vehicle was to }{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 e used in the ro}{ \cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ery, as he was instrumental in getting the vehicle. He deceived the owner of the vehicle that it was to }{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 e used for campaigning. \par }\pard \s28\qj \fi706\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par \par }\pard \s28\qj \fi706\li0\ri0\sb5\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 As far as this particular appellant was concerned, the issue of common intention was not raised in th}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 Court of App}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 al, so it was n}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 v}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 r consid}{ \cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 r}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 d. Th}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 court d}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 alt with th}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 issu}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 only in r}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 sp}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ct to Nuru Kond}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 whom th}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 court found to hav}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 had common int}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ntion. Sinc}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 the question of common int}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ntion is a matter of mix}{ \cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 d law and fact, we have to consid}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 r it. \par }\pard \s28\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par }\pard \s28\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb86\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 The app}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 llant's own testimony shows that the appellant drove the vehicle from Kampala up to the point when it got involved in an accident after the ro}{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 eries had }{ \cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 een committed. He raised the issue of compulsion to which we shall return shortly. After considering all the availa}{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 le evidence we are satisfied that the appellant had a common int}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ntion with th}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 oth}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 r appellants to commit the ro}{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 eries, which are the su}{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 j}{ \cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ct of this app}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 al. W}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ar}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 of the view that if this point had }{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 een raised in the Court of Appeal, in view of the availa}{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 le evidence, that court would have come to the same conclusion that there was common intention }{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 etween the appellant and th}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e } {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 other app}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 llants. Ground 1 of th}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 app}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 al must fail.

\par }\pard \s28\qj \fi725\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par \par }\pard \s28\qj \fi725\li0\ri0\sb10\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 On th}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 s}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 cond ground of app}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 al, Mr. Mu}{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 iru su}{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 mitt}{ \cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 d that their Lordships were wrong in holding that the appellant was not acting under compulsion at the time the offences were }{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 eing committed. He attacked the finding of the court that the appellant had said that he had }{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 een r}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 cogniz}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 d at th}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 factory and that h}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 and oth}{ \cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 rs had d}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 cid}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 d to go to Kamuli to ro}{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b }{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 . }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 In his vi}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 w th}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 vid}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 nc}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 in support of that finding should not hav}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 n admitted as it was h}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 arsay from PW3 who was not pr}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 s}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 nt at th}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 scene. According to him the appellant was not a willing participant, he was forced to do whatever he did }{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 y the armed ro}{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ers. Learned counsel relied on the authority of: }{\cs35\b\fs26\ul\insrsid9203902 Shepherd v R (1988) 86 Cr. App. R. 47. \par }\pard\plain \s30\qr \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par }\pard \s30\ql \li0\ri0\sb82\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 Mr. Wamase}{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 u argued that the appellant was not acting under any }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid6235308 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 duress as he even went to check on his sister during the journey for}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid6235308 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 commission of the ro}{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b b}{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 eries. According to him, if the appellant was under}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid6235308 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 duress he could not have failed to mention that fact in his confession which}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid6235308 }{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 h}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 made }{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 efore th}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 magistrate. He contend}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 d that the d}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 fenc}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 of}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid6235308 }{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 compulsion was not availa}{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 l}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 to th}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 app} {\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 llant.}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid6235308 \par }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 Section 16 of th}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 P}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 nal Cod}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 Act s}{ \cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ts out circumstanc}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 s und}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 r which an accus}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 d p}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 rson can r}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ly on the defence of compulsion. \par }\pard \s30\ql \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par }\pard \s30\ql \li720\ri0\sb77\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 The section }{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 r}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 eads: \par }\pard\plain \s19\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs38\b\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 " A person is not criminally responsi}{ \cs38\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs38\b\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 le for an offence if it is committed }{\cs38\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs38\b\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 y two or more offenders, and if the act is done or omitted only }{\cs38\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs38\b\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 ecause during the whole of the time in which it is }{\cs38\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs38\b\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 eing done or omitted the person is compelled to do or omit to do the act }{\cs38\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs38\b\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 y threats on the part of the other offender or offenders instantly to kill him or do him grievous }{ \cs38\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs38\b\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 odily harm if he refuses; }{\cs38\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs38\b\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 ut threats of future in}{\cs38\b\i\f37\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 J}{ \cs38\b\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 ury do not excuse any offence." \par }\pard\plain \s15\qj \fi72\li0\ri0\sb178\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 In the instant case, the defence was raised at the trial and }{ \cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 efore the Court of Appeal. Both courts considered the defence and rightly, in our view, rejected it. The assessors also rejected it. The conduct of the appellant }{ \cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 efore and after the ro}{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 eries cannot }{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 e said to }{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 e that of a person who was acting under compulsion. Although the appellant in his statement to the Magistrate \par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb67\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs40\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 (PW7) }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 kept on using expressions like }{\cs40\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 "I }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 was directed" or }{\cs40\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 "I }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 was ordered" that does not necessarily m}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 an h}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 was not a willing participant or h}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 was acting und}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 r compulsion. }{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 The Shepherd }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 case (Supra), which was cited to us }{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 y the appellant's counsel, is distinguisha}{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 le from the present case. Firstly, in that case the question of compulsion was not put to the jury, unlike in the present case where the learned trial judge clearly summed up to the assessors on the issue of compulsion. Secondly, in that case one of the persons, whom the appellant alleged to have forced him to participate in the theft, actually assaulted the appellant at the court premises when the hearing of the case was going on, which was not the case in the present case. First appellant's second ground of appeal must fail. \par }\pard\plain \s28\qj \fi710\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par \par }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 The second appellant, Musingo Peter (A2) raised 3 grounds of appeal }{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ut the second ground was a}{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 andoned. The remaining two grounds, which were argued }{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 efore us, are: \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \fi-350\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par \par }\pard \s20\ql \fi-350\li720\ri0\sb134\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs42\b\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 1.}{\cs42\b\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid9203902 }{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 That the Honourable }{ \cs36\b\i\f37\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 J}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 ustices erred in law and fact when they relied on extra-judicial confessions to confirm the conviction whereas such extra-judicial confessions were not corroborated. \par }\pard \s20\ql \li365\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tldot\tx7613\faauto\rin0\lin365\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 2\tab \par }\pard \s20\ql \fi-365\li725\ri0\sb10\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin725\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 3. That the Honourable }{\cs36\b\i\f37\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 J}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 ustices erred in law and fact when they relied on common intention to confirm the conviction whereas the principles of common intention were not proved by the prosecution. \par }\pard\plain \s28\qj \fi706\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par }\pard \s28\qj \fi706\li0\ri0\sb106\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 Ms. Diana Musoke, who appeared for this appellant, argued the two grounds separately. On the first ground she su}{ \cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 mitted that the Court of Appeal erred when it relied on the confession of Ndolerire (A4) to convict the second appellant. According to her, that confession did not show that the appellant was in any way involved in the commission of the offences. In her view, the confession only showed that the appellant moved with those people. On the second ground she su}{\cs44\f35\fs22\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 mitted that the appellant did not have any common intention with those who were involved in the commission }{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 of }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 the offences nor did he take part in the ro}{ \cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 eries. \par }\pard \s28\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par \par }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 On his part, Mr. Wamase}{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 u argued that the confession made }{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 y Ndolerire against the appellant was corro}{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 orated }{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 y the evidence of Fa}{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 iano Byantalo (PW1) and that of Kiyim}{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 a (PW2). In his view there was overwhelming evidence against the appellant who had a common intention with the other ro}{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ers. \par }\pard \s28\qj \fi715\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par \par }\pard \s28\qj \fi715\li0\ri0\sb10\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 We shall consider the two grounds together. Not only did the second appellant have common intention with the other ro}{ \cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ers }{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ut he actively pa}{ \cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 r}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ticipated in the ro}{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 eries. This appellant was identifi}{ \cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 d at th}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 sc}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e} {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 n}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 of crim}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{ \cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 y Fabiano Byantalo (PW1), Ro}{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ert Kiyim}{ \cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 a (PW2) and Ngo}{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 i Kasi}{ \cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 a Godfrey (PW5). The Court of appeal, in our view, properly evaluated the evidence incriminating the second appellant as the following passage shows: \par }\pard\plain \s23\qj \li710\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin710\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par \par }\pard \s23\qj \li710\ri0\sb19\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin710\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 "In the instant case PW1 and PW2 identified appellant No.2 at different scenes of crime on the same day during a broad daytime. PW1 described the appellant as the person who had a pistol and was the very person who ordered the driver to get out of the motor vehicle. He was the person who ordered the witness to remove his wristwatch. He was also the person w ho took from the}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid6235308 }{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 witness's pocket cash of Shs. 65,000/=. PW1 stated that the operation lasted for 3 minutes. \par }\pard \s23\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par }\pard \s23\qj \li720\ri0\sb235\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 PW2's testimony also corroborated that of PW1 that A2 was the person who had a pistol. PW2 stated that he identified this appellant better when the appellant was moving around some 5 to 6 meters from the vehicle. It was about 5 p.m. and the operation lasted 5 minutes. He had known the appellant before because he had trained with him as policemen at Masindi Police Traini ng School. After the training, he lived with him at Naguru Police barracks for 1 1/2}{\cs48\i\f35\fs20\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid9203902 }{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 years before they again returned for further training together. From the above evidence, we are satisfied that the identification of appellant No 2 by PW1 and PW2 could not have been mistaken. The conditions under which he was identified favoured correct identification" \par }\pard\plain \s28\qj \fi706\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par }\pard \s28\qj \fi706\li0\ri0\sb91\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 With due respect to the learned counsel for the appellant, we do not agree that the appellant's conviction was }{ \cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ased on the confession of the fourth appellant. The conviction was }{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ased on the identification evidence as indicated a}{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ove. We, however, agree with her when she says that Fred Ndolerire does not specifically mention the name of the appellant as Peter Musango. Be that as it may, P}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 t}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 r Musingo was prop}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 rly identifi}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 d at th}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 sc}{ \cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 n}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 of crim}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 y PW1 and PW2. He could have }{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 een convicted even if the confession of Ndolerire was to }{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 e ignored. We find no merit in the two grounds of appeal, which must fail. \par }\pard\plain \s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb67\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 That leads us to the case of the third appellant, Nuru Konde Waiswa (A}{ \cs43\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 3). }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 The appellant lodg}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 d 6 grounds of appeal }{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ut th}{ \cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 second ground was a}{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 andoned. The remaining 5 grounds which were argued are: \par }\pard\plain \s26\ql \fi-696\li1075\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1075\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par }\pard \s26\ql \fi-696\li1075\ri0\sb206\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1075\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs42\b\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 1.}{\cs42\b\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid9203902 }{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 That the learned }{ \cs36\b\i\f37\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 J}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 ustices of Appeal erred in law and in fa ct when they upheld the finding that the Appellant No.3 housed the robbers and issued them with guns which were kept at his place for operation and as a result came to a wrong decision. \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li365\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tldot\tx6389\faauto\rin0\lin365\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 2\tab \par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li370\ri0\sb5\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin370\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 3. That the learned }{ \cs36\b\i\f37\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 J}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 ustices of appeal erred in law and in fact when they upheld the finding that there was common intention. \par }\pard \s17\ql \li365\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin365\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par }\pard \s17\ql \li365\ri0\sb72\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin365\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 4. That the learned }{\cs36\b\i\f37\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 J}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 ustices of Appeal erred in law and in fact when they held that the extra-judicial statement of Ndolerire was rightly used against his co-accused and as a result arrived at a wrong decision. \par }\pard \s17\ql \li365\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin365\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par }\pard \s17\ql \li365\ri0\sb72\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin365\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 5. The learned }{\cs36\b\i\f37\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 J}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 ustices of Appeal erred in law and in fact when they failed to find in favour of the appellant the contradictions in the prosecution case. \par }\pard \s17\ql \li365\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin365\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par }\pard \s17\ql \li365\ri0\sb67\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin365\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 6. That the learned }{\cs36\b\i\f37\expnd-2\expndtw-10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 J}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 ustices of Appeal failed in law and in fact to evaluate evidence as a whole. \par }\pard\plain \s28\qj \fi715\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par \par }\pard \s28\qj \fi715\li0\ri0\sb19\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 The gist of Mr. Muguluma's su}{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 mission was that their Lordships in the Court of Appeal were wrong to }{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ase their decision on th}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 conf}{ \cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ssion of Ndol}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 rire who was an accomplic}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 with the third appellant. H}{ \cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 cont}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 nd}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 d that Ndol}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 rire in his confession did not say that the guns were supplied }{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 y the third appellant. H}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 also argu}{ \cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 d that sinc}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 Ndol}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 rir}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 did not sp}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 nd a night at the home of the appellant he could not tell who slept there. \par }\pard \s28\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par \par }\pard \s28\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb5\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 Mr. Wamase}{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 u conceded that there was no evidenc}{ \cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 to corro}{\cs39\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 orate Ndolerir}{\cs39\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 's confession against the appellant who was an accomplice. In his view th}{\cs45\i\f35\fs18\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 evid}{\cs45\i\f35\fs18\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 nce which would have corro}{ \cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 orated the confession was found to }{\cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 e inadmissi}{ \cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 le. \par }\pard \s28\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par }\pard \s28\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb82\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 The case against this particular appellant was that he accommodated the ro}{ \cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ers a night }{\cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 efore the ro}{ \cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 eries and that on the fateful day he provid}{\cs45\i\f35\fs18\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 d them with the guns, which were used in the ro}{ \cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 eries. There is no dou}{\cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 t that the conviction of this appellant was su}{\cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 stantially }{\cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ased on the confessional statement made }{\cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 y his co-accused. Section 28 of the Evidence Act makes it lawful to take into account co-accused's confession incriminating a fellow co-accused with whom he/she is }{\cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 eing tried together. The appellant in this case is not only a co-accused }{\cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ut an accomplice with the fourth appellant. The law relating to the evidence of an accomplice is contained in section 131 of the Evidence Act which reads thus: \par }\pard\plain \s16\ql \li744\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin744\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par }\pard \s16\ql \li744\ri0\sb211\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin744\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 "131. An accomplice shall be a competent witness against an accused person and a conviction is not illegal merely because it proceeds upon the uncorroborated testimony of an accomplice". \par }\pard\plain \s28\qj \fi701\li0\ri0\sb178\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 Although the law as stated a}{ \cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ove does not require corro}{\cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 oration in support of accomplice's evidence, a practice has developed in our courts requiring corro}{\cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 oration or in its a}{ \cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 sence a warning }{\cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 y the judge to himself and assessors on the danger of }{\cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 asing a conviction on uncorro}{\cs41\f35\fs22\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 orated evidence of an accomplice. (S}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 ee: Fabiano Obel & Others }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 -V- U}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 ganda (1965) EA 622). }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 The learned trial judge was alive to this practice, for in his judgment, he said: \par }\pard\plain \s25\qj \li744\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin744\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par }\pard \s25\qj \li744\ri0\sb211\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin744\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 "Haji also told PW6 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 S}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 gt Walimbwa that it was Mukonjo A6 who shot Mudooba. This would also be accomplice evidence and the law on accomplice evidence is clear. }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 S}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 uch evidence should not be used as a basis for conviction. Rather it lends assurance to other evidence. It would therefore require corroboration by some other independent evidence". \par }\pard\plain \s29\ql \fi-720\li1435\ri2074\sb58\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin2074\lin1435\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 In his summing up notes to the assessors he said:-}{ \cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 "}{\cs35\b\fs26\ul\insrsid9203902 Accomplice Evidence}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 : \par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li1435\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1435\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 Court not to rely on this as a basis for a conviction. Usually desirable to get corroboration from some independent evidence". \par }\pard\plain \s28\qj \fi710\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par \par }\pard \s28\qj \fi710\li0\ri0\sb29\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 The learned trial Judge however, did not correctly apply the a}{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b} {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ove principle to th}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 facts r}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 lating to th}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 cas}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 of th}{ \cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 third app}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 llant. Th}{ \cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ass}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ssors were not satisfi}{ \cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 d with th}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 vid}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 nc}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 against this app}{ \cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 llant so th}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 y }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 advis}{ \cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 d that h}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{ \cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 acquitt}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 d. \par }\pard \s28\qj \fi706\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par }\pard \s28\qj \fi706\li0\ri0\sb235\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 Th}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 Court of App }{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 al gloss}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 d ov}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 r th}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 issue and concluded that the statement of co-accused Ndolerire could }{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 e used to convict the appellant. Had }{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 oth courts isolated the position of the appellant from that of the other appellants, they (courts) would have found that there was no independent evidence to corro}{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 orat}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 Ndol}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 rir}{ \cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 's conf}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ssion against this appellant. We agr}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 ee} {\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 with Mr. Muguluma's contention that in his confession Ndolerire did not specifically say that the appellant had given the guns to the ro}{ \cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ers, he simply said: \par }\pard\plain \s23\qj \li715\ri0\sb139\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin715\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 "That is all. Another point probably is that these guns wh ich were used were picked. I believe, from Haji's place in Jinja". \par }\pard\plain \s28\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par }\pard \s28\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb106\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 That statement clearly shows that Ndolerire was not sure that the guns were picked from the appellant's home. \par }\pard \s28\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb67\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 We agree with the su}{\cs41\f35\fs22\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 missions of }{ \cs41\f35\fs22\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 oth counsel that the statement of Ndolerire was not sufficiently corro}{\cs41\f35\fs22\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 orated to warrant the third appellant's conviction. The issue of common intention could only }{\cs41\f35\fs22\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 e considered against him if there was some other evidence incriminating the appellant in the commission of the ro}{\cs41\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 eries. The appellant 's grounds 1,3 and 4 of appeal must succeed. \par }\pard \s28\qj \fi710\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par \par }\pard \s28\qj \fi710\li0\ri0\sb10\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 In view of our decision on grounds 1, 3 and 4 w}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{ \cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 s}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 ee}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 no point in consid}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ring grounds 5 and 6. \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\sb86\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 There ar}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 four grounds of appeal in respect of the fourth appellant, Fred Ndolerire, (A4)|They are: - \par {\pntext\pard\plain\s27 \cs35\b\fs26 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \s27\ql \fi-706\li1061\ri0\sb614\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx1061{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent706 {\pntxta .}} \faauto\ls3\rin0\lin1061\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 That the learned }{\cs36\b\i\f37\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 J}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 ustices of the }{ \cs38\b\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 C}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 ourt of }{\cs40\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 A}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 ppeal erred in law in upholding the finding of the learned trial judge that the extra judicial statement made by the 4}{ \cs35\b\fs26\super\insrsid9203902 th}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 }{\cs40\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 A}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 ppellant before the Magistrate was voluntary. \par {\pntext\pard\plain\s27 \cs35\b\fs26 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \s27\ql \fi-706\li1061\ri0\sb312\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx1061{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent706 {\pntxta .}} \faauto\ls3\rin0\lin1061\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 That the learned }{\cs36\b\i\f37\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 J}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 ustices of the }{\cs38\b\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 C}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 ourt o f }{\cs40\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 A}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 ppeal erred in law and on the facts in holding that the extra judicial statement made by the 4}{\cs35\b\fs26\super\insrsid9203902 th}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 }{ \cs40\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 A}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 ppellant was a full confession of the offences indicted on the }{\cs40\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 2}{\cs40\f35\fs22\super\insrsid9203902 nd}{\cs40\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{ \cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 and 6}{\cs35\b\fs26\super\insrsid9203902 th}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 counts and that the said extra judicial statement was sufficient to support the conviction of the 4}{\cs35\b\fs26\super\insrsid9203902 th}{ \cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 appellant of the offences of aggravated robbery indicted on the 2}{\cs35\b\fs26\super\insrsid9203902 nd}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 and 6}{\cs35\b\fs26\super\insrsid9203902 th}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 counts. \par {\pntext\pard\plain\s27 \cs35\b\fs26 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \s27\ql \fi-706\li1061\ri0\sb322\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx1061{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent706 {\pntxta .}} \faauto\ls3\rin0\lin1061\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 That the learned }{\cs36\b\i\f37\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 J}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 ustices of }{\cs40\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 A}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 ppeal erred in law and on the facts in upholding the finding of the trial judge that the 4}{\cs35\b\fs26\super\insrsid9203902 th }{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 appellant had shared a common intention with his co accused to travel from }{ \cs36\b\i\f37\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 J}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 inja to Kamuli and commit the offences of robbery with aggravation indicted on the 2}{\cs35\b\fs26\super\insrsid9203902 nd}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 and 6}{ \cs35\b\fs26\super\insrsid9203902 th}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 counts. \par {\pntext\pard\plain\s27 \cs35\b\fs26 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard \s27\ql \fi-706\li1061\ri0\sb312\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx1061{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls3\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent706 {\pntxta .}} \faauto\ls3\rin0\lin1061\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 That the above errors occasioned a miscarriage of justice to the }{\cs40\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 A}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 ppellants. \par }\pard\plain \s28\qj \fi710\li0\ri0\sb67\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 Mr. Emesu, who represented the appellant in this appeal, argued the grounds generally. He su}{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 mitted that the trial within trial was not conducted properly as far as his client was concerned. According to him that trial was in respect of A1 and A7 therefore it was wrong for the trial judge to hold that the trial within trial had proved that the ap p}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 llant had mad}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 his stat}{ \cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ment voluntarily. In his vi}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 w that trial was held prematurely as the appellant's statement had not yet }{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 een tendered for consideration }{ \cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 y the court. He further cont}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 nd}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 d that th}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ir Lordships w}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 r}{ \cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 wrong to hold that th}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 app}{ \cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 llant's stat}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 m}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 nt was a full confession, }{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ecaus}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 th}{ \cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 confession was in respect of an offence which was not committed, on this point he cited: }{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 R V Mali Kiiza s/o }{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 L}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 usota (1941) 8 EACA 25. }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 In his vi}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 w, th}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 app}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 llant's stat}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ment was not r}{ \cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 levant to what happened in Kamuli after the original plan at Jinja had a}{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 orted. According to the counsel, the circumstantial }{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 vid}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 nce concerning the hiring of the vehicl} {\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 y th}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{ \cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 app}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 llant was not }{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 nough to warrant his conviction, as th}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 r}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 was no common intention in r}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 sp}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ct of what happened at Kamuli. \par }\pard\plain \s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb235\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 Mr. Wamase}{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 u conceded that th}{ \cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 re was an irr}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 gularity in the way the trial judge handled the trial within trial concerning this appellant. He, however, argued that the irregularity had }{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 een cured }{ \cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 y the appellant having }{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 een given a chance to testify in the trial within trial. He contended that the confession was voluntarily o}{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 tained as the magistrate who wrote the confession t}{ \cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 stified that there were no thr}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ats at th}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{ \cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 tim}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 the confession was }{ \cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 eing made. Mr. Wamase}{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 u, further argued that the confession was not confined only to what happened at Jinja }{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ut was extended to Kamuli under the doctrine of }{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 "Transferred intention". }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 As the appellant facilitated the ro}{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ers with transport and fuel and the ro}{ \cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 eries were actually committed, he had common intention to commit th}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ro}{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b b}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ri}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 s. \par }\pard\plain \s28\qj \fi715\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par }\pard \s28\qj \fi715\li0\ri0\sb230\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 The r}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 cord shows that th}{ \cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 first complaint }{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 y Mr. Em}{ \cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 su was not rais}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 d in th}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{ \cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 Court of App}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 al. Ordinarily w}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 would not hav}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 considered that point }{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ut in interests of justice we have decided to consider it. \par }\pard \s28\qj \fi710\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par \par }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 As rightly conceded }{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 y Mr. Wamas}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{ \cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 u, th}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 mann}{ \cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 r in which th}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 trial within trial was conduct}{ \cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 d in r}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 sp}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ct of the fourth appellant was irregular. It was not proper for the trial Judge to proceed with the trial within trial in respect of this appellant when the ground for such a trial had not }{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 ee}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 n laid. Th}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 proper procedure to }{ \cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 e followed was for the prosecution to call the person who recorded the confession to testify a}{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b} {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 out it and if the defence o}{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 jected to the admissi}{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ility of that confession then a trial within trial would have }{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 een conducted. We are, however, of the view that th}{ \cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 irregularity did not cause any miscarriage of justice as the appellant in fact testified in the trial within trial proc}{ \cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 ee}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 dings. His activ}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 participation in th}{ \cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 proc}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 ee}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 dings cur}{ \cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 d the procedural irregularity. \par }\pard \s28\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par }\pard \s28\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb82\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 On the issue of the appellant's confession not having }{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 een voluntary, we are satisfied that the Court of Appeal was justified in holding that the confession was voluntarily o}{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 tained. Their Lordships finding, with which we agree, was as follows: - \par }\pard\plain \s31\qj \li730\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin730\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par }\pard \s31\qj \li730\ri0\sb91\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin730\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs38\b\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 "C}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 learly, there was no way the appellant could have seen a policeman standing outside the Magistrate's chambers pointing a gun at the appellant while his statement was being recorded. That claim cannot b e true. As for the alleged earlier threats, we think that, the caution administered to the appellant by the Magistrate b efore recording the appellant's statement effectively removed them. We are, therefore, satisfied that the extra-judicial statement was voluntary and was rightly admitted in evidence." \par }\pard\plain \s28\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par \par }\pard \s28\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb163\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 With due respect to Mr. Emesu, we do not agree with his contention that the app}{ \cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 llant's confession was irr}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 l}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 vant to what happ}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 n}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 d in Kamuli and that h}{ \cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 had no common int}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ntion with thos}{ \cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 who w}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 nt to ro}{ \cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 th}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 r}{ \cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e.}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 Th}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 purpos}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 of hiring th}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 vehicle was to use it for ro}{ \cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ery, it is immaterial where that ro}{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ery was eventually committed. The appellant had a common intention with that group which went to Kamuli with the vehicle hired }{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 y him, although he remained in Jinja. According to his evidence in court and that of the first appellant, Hamuza Kasirye, the appellant refueled the vehicle while in Jinja; his explanation that the fuel was intended to take the vehicle }{ \cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ack to Kampala cannot }{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 e true in view of what happened. The Court of Appeal, correctly in our view, held that the appellant was criminally lia}{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 le under the doctrine of common intention. We find no merit in the grounds of appeal raised }{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 y the appellant. They must fail. \par }\pard\plain \s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par \par }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 The fifth and last appellant Sgt. Kule Denis (A5) presented four grounds of appeal: - \par }\pard\plain \s27\qj \fi-701\li1070\ri0\sb134\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1070\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 1. That the learned }{ \cs36\b\i\f37\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 J}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 ustices of appeal erred in law and fact in finding that the accomplice evidence of A1 put the appellant at the scenes of crime \par {\pntext\pard\plain\s32 \cs35\b\fs26 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard\plain \s32\qj \fi-715\li1080\ri0\sb67\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx1080{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls4\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart2\pnindent715 {\pntxta .}} \faauto\ls4\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 That the learned }{\cs36\b\i\f37\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 J}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 ustices of Appea l erred in law and fact in upholding the identification evidence of PW1 and PW2 as a basis for conviction. \par {\pntext\pard\plain\s32 \cs35\b\fs26 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \s32\qj \fi-715\li1080\ri0\sb326\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx1080{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls4\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart2\pnindent715 {\pntxta .}} \faauto\ls4\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 That the learned }{\cs36\b\i\f37\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 J}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 ustices of Appeal erred in law and fact in rejecting the Appellant's defence of alib i.}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 \par {\pntext\pard\plain\s32 \cs35\b\fs26 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard \s32\qj \fi-715\li1080\ri0\sb638\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx1080{\*\pn \pnlvlbody\ilvl0\ls4\pnrnot0\pndec\pnstart2\pnindent715 {\pntxta .}} \faauto\ls4\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 That the learned }{\cs36\b\i\f37\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 J}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 ustices of Appeal erred in law and fact in confirming the conviction of the Appellant without a thorough re-evaluation of the evidence on record. \par }\pard\plain \s28\qj \fi710\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par }\pard \s28\qj \fi710\li0\ri0\sb101\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 Mr. Kunya who represented the appellant argued the four grounds separately. On the first ground he su}{ \cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 mitted that the Court of Appeal should not have }{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ased the appellant's conviction on the evidence of the first appellant who was an accomplice and who had a reason for implicating the fifth appellant and that reason was not considered }{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 y the two courts }{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 elow. \par }\pard\plain \s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par }\pard \s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb77\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 On the second ground he argued that the evidence of PW1 and PW2 was not credi}{ \cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 le, as the two witnesses did not know th}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 appellant }{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 efore and conditions favouring correct identification did not exist. As for the third ground the learned counsel contended that the Court of Appeal and the trial court did not consider the appellant's defence of ali}{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 i, had that defence }{ \cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 een considered a dou}{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 t would have }{ \cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 een raised in favour of the appellant. \par }\pard\plain \s28\qj \fi715\li0\ri0\sb14\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 Regarding the fourth and last ground, the counsel su}{ \cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 mitted that there were points, which were raised at the trial }{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ut were never considered }{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 y the court. He gave as an example, the manner in which the appellant was arrested at Kirinya prison where he had }{ \cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 een detained for a different offence of trading without a licence. \par }\pard \s28\qj \fi715\li0\ri0\sb67\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 On his part, Mr. Wamas}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{ \cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 u, su}{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 mitt}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 d that th}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 re was overwhelming }{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 videnc}{ \cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 against th}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 app}{ \cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 llant. That }{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 vidence was to }{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 e found in th}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 testimonies of PW1 and PW2 and the confessions of A1 and A4. He contended that conditions for correct identification of the app ellant existed. \par }\pard\plain \s33\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par }\pard \s33\qj \li0\ri0\sb202\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 In our view, the first three grounds of appeal were a}{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ly handl}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 d }{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 y th}{ \cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 Court of App}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 al as follows: - \par }\pard\plain \s25\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par }\pard \s25\qj \li720\ri0\sb86\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 "The main complaint in grounds 3 and 4 was that the trial }{\cs36\b\i\f37\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 J}{ \cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 udge accepted wholesale the prosecution case and rejected the appellant's alib i without giving it judicious consideration. We find no merit in this complaint. The accomplice evidence of A1 put the appellant at the scene of crime. That evidence was amply corroborated by clear evidence of identification by PW1 and PW2. as seen ab ove the evidence of identification was thorough. The witnesses described clearly the parts played by the appellant in the commission of the offence. That ruled out the alibi put by the appellant" \par }\pard\plain \s28\qj \fi710\li0\ri0\sb192\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 In our opinion the Court of Appeal was justified in reaching the a} {\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ove decision. The appellant's conviction was not }{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ased on the evidence of the first appellant alone }{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 ut also the evidence of PW1 and Pw2 who saw the appellant at the scene of c rime. Even if the evidence of the first appellant were to }{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 e ignored,still the fifth appellant would have }{ \cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 een convicted on the evidence of PW1 and PW2. That disposes of grounds 1, 2 and 3 raised }{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 y the appellant's counsel. The three grounds must fail. \par }\pard \s28\qj \fi706\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 As for the fourth and last ground of appeal where the counsel complained that the court did not consider the manner in which the appellant was a}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 r}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 rested, we would like to say that the point was not relevant to the outcome of this case. The court having rejected appellant's defence of ali}{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 i, it is immaterial whether the appellant was arrested while at Kirinya Prison }{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 or}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 somewhere else. The appellant's story that on 7/5/1996 he was in Kasese where he had gone to }{ \cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 uy some clothes was, in our view, rightly rejected }{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 y the trial court and the Court of Appeal which }{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 elieved the evidence of prosecution witnesses (PW1 and PW2) plus the evidence of the first appellant who saw the appellant committing the offences. The fourth ground of appeal must also fail. \par }\pard\plain \s34\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 In conclusion, we find no merit in the appeals of Cpl Kasirye Hamuza (A1), P. C. Musango Peter (A2), Ndolerire Fred (A4) and Sgt Kule Dennis (A5) Their appeals are accordingly dismissed. \par }\pard\plain \s28\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb5\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 We have, however, found merit in the appeal of Nuru Kond}{ \cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid9203902 e}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 Waiswa (A3). His appeal is allowed. The convictions on }{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{ \cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 oth counts are quashed and the sentence imposed upon him is set aside. Unless he is }{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 eing held in Prison for some other lawful purpos}{ \cs44\i\f35\fs22\expnd10\expndtw50\insrsid9203902 e,}{\cs44\i\f35\fs22\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 he is to }{\cs44\f35\fs22\expnd10\expndtw50\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 b}{\cs37\fs26\insrsid9203902 e set free forthwith. \par }\pard\plain \s34\qc \li734\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tldot\tx4973\faauto\rin0\lin734\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs37\b\i\fs26\insrsid6235308 \par }{\cs37\b\i\fs26\insrsid9203902\charrsid6235308 Dated at Mengo this 18}{\cs37\b\i\fs26\super\insrsid9203902\charrsid9203902 th}{\cs37\b\i\fs26\insrsid9203902 }{\cs37\b\i\fs26\insrsid9203902\charrsid6235308 da}{ \cs37\b\i\fs26\insrsid6235308\charrsid6235308 y of May }{\cs37\b\i\fs26\insrsid9203902\charrsid6235308 2004. \par }\pard\plain \s25\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par }\pard \s25\qc \li0\ri0\sb182\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx2904\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 A. H. O. ODER}{\cs35\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par }\pard \s25\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid6235308 JU}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 STICE OF THE SUPREME COURT \par }{\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par }\pard \s25\qc \li0\ri0\sb62\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid6235308 J. }{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 W. N. TSEKOOKO \par }\pard \s25\qc \li0\ri0\sb206\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid6235308 JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 \par }\pard \s25\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par }\pard \s25\qc \li0\ri0\sb91\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 A. N. KAROKORA \par }\pard \s25\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid6235308 JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT}{\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par }\pard \s25\qc \li0\ri0\sb106\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid6235308 \par J}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 . N. MULENGA \par }\pard \s25\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid6235308 JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT}{\fs20\insrsid9203902 \par }\pard \s25\qc \li0\ri0\sb96\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid6235308 \par }{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 C. M. KATO \par }\pard \s25\qc \li0\ri0\sb19\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6235308 {\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid6235308 JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT}{\cs35\b\fs26\insrsid9203902 \par }}

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