[2009] UGHC 43
The court found that while the Children Act provides guiding principles for the welfare of children, it does not contain provisions for the appointment of guardians or the management of a child's property. The court, therefore, relied on its inherent jurisdiction under the Constitution and the Judicature Act to act...
Source-derived case information.
- Citation
- [2009] UGHC 43
- Parties
- Applicant: Mpeirwe Janepher Muhumuza; Respondent: Atuheirwe Pauline Muhumuza
- Court
- High Court of Uganda
- Jurisdiction
- Uganda
- Case Number
- HCT-00-FD-MC-0010-2009
- Procedural Posture
- Miscellaneous Application / Ruling
- Outcome
- application_allowed_in_part
- Legal Topics
- Guardianship of Minors, Management of Child Property, Mortgage of Minor Property
- Source Language
- en
Source-derived case record
Summary, issues, holding and outcome
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Parties
Mpeirwe Janepher Muhumuza
Applicant
Atuheirwe Pauline Muhumuza
Respondent
Procedural Posture
Miscellaneous Application / Ruling
Legal Issues
- 1 Whether the applicant should be appointed legal guardian of the minor in respect of the minor's property.
- 2 Whether the applicant should be granted authority to mortgage property jointly owned with the minor as security for a loan to a company in which the minor is a shareholder.
Ratio Decidendi
The court found that while the Children Act provides guiding principles for the welfare of children, it does not contain provisions for the appointment of guardians or the management of a child's property. The court, therefore, relied on its inherent jurisdiction under the Constitution and the Judicature Act to act as parens patriae. The welfare principle requires that the child's interests be paramount in any decision regarding their property. The applicant, as the natural mother and registered proprietor, is the appropriate person to be appointed guardian of the minor's estate. The court held that, as guardian, the applicant is a trustee for the minor and is clothed with all authority...
Court Disposition
application_allowed_in_part
Orders
- The applicant is appointed guardian of the minor in respect of the minor's property.
- The applicant, as guardian, is authorized to manage the minor's property, including mortgaging it, in the best interests of the minor.
Full Case Text
Judgment text and source record
3 paragraphs
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\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid3428376\charrsid9046635 \par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid1196077\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 IN THE HIGH COURT OF UGANDA HOLDEN AT KAMPALA \par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 HCT-00-FD-}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid12603075\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 MC-0010-2009}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid1196077\charrsid9046635 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12603075\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 In the matter of Atuheirwe Pauline Muhumuza \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16348235\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 And \par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 In the Matter of An Application by Mpeirwe Janepher Muhumuza \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9046635 {\f0\fs24\insrsid16348235\charrsid9046635 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9046635 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JUSTICE FMS EGONDA-NTENDE \par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid8875656\charrsid9046635 \par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid8678219\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 RULING \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8875656\charrsid9046635 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid933152\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \s15\ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9046635 \fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af36\hich\af36\dbch\af36\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid933152\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 In this application, the applicant, the natural mother of the infant in question, is seeking to be appointed its legal guardian}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13334987\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . The applicant further seeks leave of this court to pledge Block 395 Plot No.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3636812\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 608 land at Sekiwunga to Stanbic Bank (U) \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Ltd as security for a loan to Uniol (U) Ltd}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12592388\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 a company in which the minor is a shareholder.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2440914\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The applicant and the infant are the registered proprietors of the land the applicant seeks to mortgage. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12592388\charrsid9046635 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 2.\tab}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 This application is made, as far as I can gather from the \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 notice of motion filed in this matter, under Section 98 of the Civil Procedure Act, Sections }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12347269\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 16,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 33, 39 of the Judicature Act, Sections }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12347269\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 4}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 of the Children Act and Order 52, rules 1 and 3 of the Civil Procedure Rules. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11692525\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Section 4 of the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16324687\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Children}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid11692525\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Act deals with\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16324687\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11692525\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 child\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s right to stay with its parents. It has no application here. Neither in my view does Section 98 of the Civil Procedure Act, given that the applicant has cited Order 52 rule 1 and 3 as the rules under which this application is made.}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid13270226\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Section 98 ref\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 erred to above recognises the inherent powers of court to prevent abuse of its process and or injustice.}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid3490087\charrsid9046635 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3490087\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 3.\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 I shall assume that the application wished to refer to Section 3 of the }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid16324687\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Children}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3490087\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Act, which deals with }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13699342\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 guiding }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid3490087\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 principles}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13699342\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 in children matters}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3490087\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . It}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 may b\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 e a useful starting point, given the fact that the guiding principles it points to touch on the making of decisions affecting a child\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s property. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 4.\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Section 3 of the Children Act states, \par }\pard \s15\ql \li1440\ri1109\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1109\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9046635 {\f0\fs24\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \loch\af0\dbch\af36\hich\f0 \lquote \loch\f0 3. Guiding Principles \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The welfare principles and the children\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s rights set out in the First Schedule to this Act shall be the guiding principles in making any decision based on this Act.\hich\f0 \rquote \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 5.\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9046635 {\f0\fs24\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Clause 1 of the Guiding Principles in Schedule 1 of the Act, stat\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 es,
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li1440\ri1109\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1109\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9046635 {\f0\fs24\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \loch\af0\dbch\af36\hich\f0 \lquote \loch\f0 1. Welfare Principle Whenever the State, a court, a local authority or any person determines any question with respect to --- (a) the upbrin \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ging of a child; or (b) the administration of a child\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s property or the application of any income arising from it; the child\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 welfare shall be of paramount consideration.\hich\f0 \rquote \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 6.\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9046635 {\f0\fs24\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 It is clear the substance of this application is to deal with the administra}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid16462723\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 tion of the child\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s property by allowing the applicant to mortgage the same}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid7688880\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Other than the welfare principle set out above, I have be\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 en unable to find any other provision in the Children Act that relates to the management of a child\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s property or estate. Much as the Act defines a guardian in its interpretation section, it contains no provision dealing with appointment of guardians. The\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 r\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 e is clearly a lacuna in the Children Act with regard not only to appointment of guardians, but more importantly, the management of a child\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s estate or property. Section 98 of the Civil Procedure Act is not helpful in this regard, given that it is dealing\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 with inherent powers of court to prevent abuse of its process or injustice. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 7.\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Under Section 1(k) of the Children Act a guardian is defined as a person having parental responsibility for a child. Parental responsibility is stated to be all rights, duties, po\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 wers, responsibilities and authority which by law a parent of a child has in relation to a child. Under Section 6 of the Children Act a parent, that is the biological parent of a child, is seized with parental responsibility for his or her child or childr \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 e\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 n. A parent is therefore a natural guardian of his or her child or children. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 8.\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Unfortunately the management of a child\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s estate or real property is not the subject of any written law in this jurisdiction, save for the mention it receives in the guiding princ\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 iples under schedule 1 to the Children Act. However, this court is a court of unlimited jurisdiction in all matters as provided in Article 139 of the Constitution. This is a matter therefore which this court can entertain. }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid1182205\charrsid9046635 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 9.\tab}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Under Section 14 (b) of the Jud\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 icature Act this court is empowered, where the written law does not apply or extend, to apply \par }\pard \s15\ql \li1440\ri1106\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1106\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9046635 {\f0\fs24\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \loch\af0\dbch\af36\hich\f0 \lquote \loch\f0 (1) the common law and the doctrines of equity; (ii) any established and current custom or usage; and \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (iii) the powers vested in, and the procedure and practice observed by, the High Court immediately before the commencement of this Act in so far as any such jurisdiction is consistent with the provisions of this Act; and \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (c) where no express law or rule is applicable to any matter in issue before the High Court, in conformity with the principles of justice, equity and good conscience.\hich\f0 \rquote \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 10.\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9046635 {\f0\fs24\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 As there is no applicable written law, save\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the guiding principles set out in Schedule 1 to the Children Act, it is to the common law of Uganda that we must turn to first before considering any other source of law as provided for in Section 14 of the Judicature Act. This position is set out, in m \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 y\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 view, in }{\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Halsbury\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Laws of England, 3}{\i\f0\fs24\ul\super\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 rd}{\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Edition at page204}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 in the following words, \par }\pard \s15\ql \li1440\ri1106\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1106\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9046635 {\f0\fs24\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \loch\af0\dbch\af36\hich\f0 \lquote \loch\f0 A guardian appointed by the court is, in the absence of express direction, only a guardian of the infant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s person; but the court may appoint him, or a separate person, \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 to be guardian of the infant \hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s estate.\hich\f0 \rquote \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 11.\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9046635 {\f0\fs24\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Authority for that proposition of law is indicated in a footnote to be }{ \i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Re Willoughby (an Infant) (1885), 30 Ch. D. 324, C. A. at p.330; (i) Re Bond (1864), 11 Jur. 114; and Re Pavitt, [1907] 1 I. R. 234.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 I have not bee\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 n able to lay my hands on the said authorities save for }{\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Re Willoughby (an Infant)}{ \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (supra). It was decided by the Chancery Division of the High Court of England and then appealed to the Court of Appeal which affirmed the decision of the trial court. Under c\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 onsideration was the question of whether the courts in England had jurisdiction to appoint guardians for an English infant, with no property in England, and who was living in France with its French mother. The French mother, under French law, was it natur \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 a\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 l guardian. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 12.\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Of interest is the statement of the common law with regard to whether the courts had jurisdiction to appoint guardians of infants. Kay J., answered the issue in the following words, at page 327, \par }\pard \s15\ql \li1440\ri1109\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1109\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9046635 {\f0\fs24\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \loch\af0\dbch\af36\hich\f0 \lquote \'85\loch\f0 . but it is said that the court has not the pow\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 er to appoint guardians of this child, or if it has the power, it is not a case in which it ought to exercise that power. Now, whether it has the power or not seems absolutely beyond controversy after the case of Hope v Hope. Lord Cranworth, in his judgme \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 n\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\f0 t in that case, says: \'93\loch\f0 The jurisdiction of this Court, which is entrusted to the holder of the Great Seal as the representative of the Crown, with regard to the custody of infants rest upon this ground, that it is in the interests of the State and of the \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 S\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 overeign that children should be properly brought up and educated; and according to the principle of our law, the Sovereign, as }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 parens patriae}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , is bound to look to the maintenance and education (as far as he has the means of judging) of all his subjects. T\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 he first question then is, whether this principle applies to children born out of allegiance of the Crown; and I confess that I do not entertain any doubt upon the point, because that it is established by statute that children of a natural born father bor \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 n\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 out of the Queen\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s allegiance are to all intents and purposes to be treated as British-born subjects, of course it is clear that one of the incidents of a British-born subject is that he or she is entitled to the protection of the Crown as }{ \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 parens patriae}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .\loch\af0\dbch\af36\hich\f0 \'94\loch\f0 No language can be more clear and emphatic. This child is entitled to all the rights and privileges of a British subject, as much as if she had been born in this country, and therefore it is within the jurisdiction of this Court to provide for the custo \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 d\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 y and care of this child, who is entitled to such rights.\hich\f0 \rquote \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 13.\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9046635 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Parens Patriae}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 is defined by Black\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Law Dictionary (5}{\f0\fs24\super\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Edition) at page 1003 as \par }\pard \s15\ql \li1440\ri1109\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1109\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9046635 {\f0\fs24\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \loch\af0\dbch\af36\hich\f0 \lquote \loch\f0 \hich\f0 literally \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 parent of the country\'94\loch\f0 , refers traditionally to role of state as sovereign and guardian of persons und\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\f0 er legal disability\'85\'85\loch\f0 .}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Parens Patriae }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 originates from the English Common law where the King had a royal prerogative to act as guardian to persons with legal disabilities such as infants, idiots and lunatics. In the United States, the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 parens patriae}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 function\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 belongs to the states.\hich\f0 \rquote \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 14.\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9046635 {\f0\fs24\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 I accept Kay, J., statement above as a correct statement of the common law with regard to the jurisdiction of this court to appoint guardians of infants in relation to their estates. The Sovereign in Uganda are the people of Uganda \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 who have in their Constitution vide Article 126(1) thereof entrusted judicial power to the Judiciary, and granted to this court unlimited jurisdiction in all matters vide Article 139 thereof. It is for this court therefore to deal with all judicial aspec \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s of the exercise of the power of }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 parens patriae}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 held by the state in relation to citizens of this nation. In particular this is so in relation to the custody and care of infants and their estate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6163074\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid1333496\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , in absence of written law to the contrary. I am therefore \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 satisfied that this court has jurisdiction to appoint guardians of infants in respect of their estates. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6163074\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 15.\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1 \widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9046635 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6163074\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The applicant seeks}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8062524\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 to be appointed a guardian of the infant in question in relation to infant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s estate. The applicant also seeks}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6163074\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 authority of this cour \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 t to mortgage the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8062524\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 property referred to above which is owned by the infant and the applicant.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10573587\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The purpose of the mortgage is }{\f0\fs24\insrsid732925\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10573587\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 secure funds to enhance shareholder value of }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid16324687\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10573587\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 company in which the infant possesses shares. In the main I would suppose that t\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 his would be in the interests of the infant}{\f0\fs24\insrsid732925\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 as it would grow its asset base}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10573587\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid2440914\charrsid9046635 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1772596\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 16.\tab}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1772596\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 However risks are attendant upon such a course of action. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14367281\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The company m}{\f0\fs24\insrsid732925\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14367281\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 y default and the property of the infant would be lost! }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1772596\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Nevertheless the existence of risk should not inhib\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 it the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14367281\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 course of business}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13722950\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , if it is prudently managed}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14367281\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid1772596\charrsid9046635 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13722950\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 17.\tab}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13722950\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The infant is }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid16256003\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 possessed with property }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13722950\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 which it cannot manage by virtue of its minority. Such property needs to be managed}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid16195131\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . The candidate in this case for that position is its natural guardian. I am sat\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 isfied that the applicant is qualified to take on this responsibility}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid6977894\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12541397\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6977894\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 I }{ \f0\fs24\insrsid12541397\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 appoint the applicant guardian of the infant in respect of the infant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s property}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16256003\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid13722950\charrsid9046635 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16256003\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 18.\tab}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16256003\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The applicant in her role as guardian of the infant \hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s estate is a trustee. And like all trustees she \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 must account }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9138630\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 for her stewardship of the property she will manage in trust for the infant. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6061570\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 It is not necessary that this court grants her authority for every single act that she must carry out during her tenure. I believe that she}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6977894\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 is}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6061570\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 clothed with }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4225327\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 all author\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ity of the owner as the guardian of the owner\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s interests. I need not therefore grant her specific authority to pledge}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6977894\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 or sell}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4225327\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the property in question.}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid16256003\charrsid9046635 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4225327\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 19.\tab}}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4225327\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 This application is allowed to the extent set out above.
\par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9046635 {\f0\fs24\insrsid4225327\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Signed, dated, delivered at Kampala this 4}{ \f0\fs24\super\insrsid4225327\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4225327\charrsid9046635 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 d\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ay of March 2009 \par \par \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 FMS Egonda-Ntende \par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Judge \par }}