[2007] UGHC 36

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\jclisttab\tx6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid702443610}}{\*\listoverridetable{\listoverride\listid702443610\listoverridecount0\ls1}}{\*\rsidtbl \rsid543556\rsid818752\rsid2178642\rsid3413427\rsid6096542\rsid7880906\rsid8461634\rsid12333622\rsid15032324 \rsid16148410\rsid16465822\rsid16585566}{\*\generator Microsoft Word 11.0.5604;}{\info{\title THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA}{\author rkasule}{\operator jchemeri}{\creatim\yr2009\mo3\dy24\hr15\min46}{\revtim\yr2009\mo3\dy24\hr15\min46} {\printim\yr2008\mo2\dy6\hr15\min39}{\version2}{\edmins1}{\nofpages4}{\nofwords1075}{\nofchars6129}{\*\company Courts Of Judicature}{\nofcharsws7190}{\vern24689}} \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\formshade\horzdoc\dgmargin\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1800\dgvorigin1440\dghshow1\dgvshow1 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)}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7880906 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2178642\charrsid7880906 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12333622\charrsid7880906 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2178642\charrsid7880906 IN THE HIGH COURT OF UGANDA AT KAMPALA \par CRIMINAL CASE NO. 0084 OF 2007 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7880906 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2178642\charrsid7880906 JAYESH THAKKER :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ACCUSED \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7880906 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2178642\charrsid7880906 VERSUS \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7880906 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2178642\charrsid7880906 UGANDA ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: RESPONDENT

\par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2178642\charrsid7880906 BEFORE: HON. JUSTICE J. P. M. TABARO \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2178642\charrsid7880906 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2178642\charrsid7880906 RULING: \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2178642\charrsid7880906 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7880906 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2178642\charrsid7880906 Jayesh Thakker the applicant stood trial for the charge of selling food unfit for human consumption C/}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid818752\charrsid7880906 S}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2178642\charrsid7880906 6 of the Foods and Drugs Act (Cap 278 Laws of Uganda), before the Chief Magistrate\rquote s Court, Nakawa at Mwanga II Roa d in Kampala. At the conclusion of the trial he was found guilty of the offence charged and sentenced to three months imprisonment and a fine of shs.2000/=. He has appealed to High Court against both conviction and sentence. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7880906 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2178642\charrsid7880906 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7880906 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2178642\charrsid7880906 From the evidence at trial i t is fairly clear that the appellant used to run a Supermarket at Entebbe Road but afterwards failed operate at the premises due to incapacity to pay rent for the shop. When he was evicted he transferred the merchandise to his residence at Bukesa Namalwa

Zone in Kampala where he also owns and runs a bakery. It is the case for the prosecution that some items among the merchandise had expired and instead of destroying them he sold them to the public. When the police searched the premises in question they found some devices for inserting expiry dates on commodities. The explanation given by the appellant is that the devices were part of the stock-in-trade. \par \par The applicant, through his Counsel Mr. S. Ali seeks to rely on a number of grounds stated in the notice of motion dated 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid2178642\charrsid7880906 rd}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2178642\charrsid7880906 December, 2007 together with the accompanying affidavit, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid543556\charrsid7880906 sworn by Roscoe Iga, one of the advocates for the applicant. Although there are 5 reasons stated in the motion as grounds engaged the attention of Court, namely:- \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid543556\charrsid7880906 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-851\li1135\ri284\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar \jclisttab\tx1212\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin284\lin1135\itap0\pararsid7880906 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid543556\charrsid7880906 that bail is a constitutional right, based on the constitutional guarantee of presumption of innocence. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid543556\charrsid7880906 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}The sentence is short and may expire before the appeal is heard. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7880906 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid543556\charrsid7880906 The other reasons strictly speaking do not qualify as grounds; they merely refer to the fact that t he appellant was convicted of the offence in question, that the appellant is dissatisfied, and finally the fact that there were substantial sureties willing to guarantee his attendance, that is, stand for him; and that since his release on bail at the com mencement of the trial he had honoured his bail. \par \par Mr. Byansi, a state attorney opposed the application and prayed that the applicant be kept in prison pending the determination of the appeal. \par \par It is true that the Constitution of Uganda guarantees presumption of innocence unless and until the accused is proved guilty or admits the charge \endash Act 28 (3) (a) of the Constitution. However, the words in which the right to bail is couched are beyond contention as regards the stage of proceedings \endash they refer to remand before trial. Act. 23 (6) (a) of the Constitution states:- \par \par }\pard \qj \li284\ri284\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin284\lin284\itap0\pararsid7880906 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid543556\charrsid7880906 \tab }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid543556\charrsid7880906 Where a person is arrested in respect of a criminal \tab offence the person is entitled to apply to the court }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6096542\charrsid7880906 \tab }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid543556\charrsid7880906 to be released on bail and the court may grant }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6096542\charrsid7880906 \tab }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid543556\charrsid7880906 that person bail \tab in such conditions as the Court }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6096542\charrsid7880906 \tab }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid543556\charrsid7880906 considers reasonable. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid543556\charrsid7880906 23 (6) (b) \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6096542\charrsid7880906 \tab }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid543556\charrsid7880906 In the case of an offence which is }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16585566\charrsid7880906 triable by the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6096542\charrsid7880906 \tab }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16585566\charrsid7880906 High Court as well as by a subordinate Court, the }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6096542\charrsid7880906 \tab }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16585566\charrsid7880906 person shall \tab be released on bail on such }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6096542\charrsid7880906 \tab }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16585566\charrsid7880906 conditions as the Court \tab considers reasonable of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6096542\charrsid7880906 \tab }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16585566\charrsid7880906 that person has been remanded \tab in custody in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6096542\charrsid7880906 \tab }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16585566\charrsid7880906 respect of the offence before trial for one \tab hundred and twenty days. \par }\pard \qj \li-568\ri284\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin284\lin-568\itap0\pararsid7880906 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6096542\charrsid7880906 (c) \tab }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16585566\charrsid7880906 in the case of an offence triable only by the High }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6096542\charrsid7880906 \tab \tab }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16585566\charrsid7880906 Court, the person shall be released on bail on such }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6096542\charrsid7880906 \tab \tab }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16585566\charrsid7880906 conditions as the court considers }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6096542\charrsid7880906 \tab }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16585566\charrsid7880906 reasonable, if the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6096542\charrsid7880906 \tab \tab }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16585566\charrsid7880906 person has been remanded in custody for}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6096542\charrsid7880906 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16585566\charrsid7880906 three }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6096542\charrsid7880906 \tab \tab \tab }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16585566\charrsid7880906 hundred and sixty days before the case is}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6096542\charrsid7880906 \tab \tab \tab \tab }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16585566\charrsid7880906 committed to the High Court. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7880906 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16585566\charrsid7880906 There can be no contention as to what the above provisions of the constitution are meant to cater for \endash it is the period of remand before trial. Needless to state the situation before Court is diffe}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6096542\charrsid7880906 rent; The trial has been concluded and what the applicant seems is bail pending hearing and determination of the appeal. The principles applicable, to applications for bail pending appeal, appear to me to be well settled. The case of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6096542\charrsid7880906 Girdher Dhanji Masrani Vs. R [1900] EA 320}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6096542\charrsid7880906 , a decision of the High Court of Uganda (Sheridan J. as he then was) is directly in point. It was made amply clear that principles which apply b efore trial cannot be invoked after trial when the accused has been convicted. The Judge stated: at P. 321 para D.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid543556\charrsid7880906 \par }\pard \qj \li284\ri284\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin284\lin284\itap0\pararsid7880906 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6096542\charrsid7880906 \'93 Different principles must apply after conviction. The accused person has become a convicted person and the sentence starts to run from the date of his conviction.\'94}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16465822\charrsid7880906 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri284\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin284\lin0\itap0\pararsid7880906 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16465822\charrsid7880906 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7880906 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16465822\charrsid7880906 It was added in the subsequent paragraph of the ruling, in the Masrani\rquote case that delay in disposing of the appeal in itself is not a good ground in itself for granting bail at this stage. The bail application was rejected. \par \par There is authority to the effect that where is likelihood of success, that is, if the appeal is likely to succeed bail pending may be granted. Such an approach was followed in the case of }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16465822\charrsid7880906 Raghbir Singh Lamba Vs. R [1948] EA 337 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16465822\charrsid7880906 a decision of the then HM Hig h Court for Tanganyika, Spry Ag. J (as he then J). According to the decision in Lamba\rquote s case (supra) the principle to be applied is that bail pending appeal should only be granted for exceptional and unusual reasons; neither the complexity of the case nor the good character of the applicant; nor alleged hardship to his dependants can justify grant of bail pending appeal. However, if there is overwhelming probability that the appeal will succeed the application can be granted \endash Lamba\rquote s case, as before. \par \par Ap plying the above principles what should be the result in the case before Court? Unfortunately it is not indicated whether the matter is causelisted before me for bail application alone or whether the hearing of the appeal will also be before me. The sign i ficance of this observation is that if the judge has come to the conclusion that the appeal is likely to succeed in my humble opinion, if the same judge presides over the hearing of the appeal may prejudice the appellant because in so doing he might expre ss opinion as to whether or not the appellant is guilty of the offence charged. Be it is it may. After listening to both Counsel in the case it seems the applicant\rquote s Counsel has not paid sufficient attention to circumstantial evidence in the case and has unduly relied on lack of direct evidence of the eye witnesses. It is well known that circumstantial evidence can sustain a conviction if the test in }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid818752\charrsid7880906 Simoisi Musoke Vs. R [1958] EA 715}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid818752\charrsid7880906 , court of Appeal for Eastern Africa decision (Gould J. A.), }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16465822\charrsid7880906 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid818752\charrsid7880906 is satisfied, that is, if inculpatory facts lead to only one inference \endash the inference of guilt.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16465822\charrsid7880906 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid818752\charrsid7880906 \par Applying the above principles I am enable to say that the applicant has persuaded Court that he should be released on bail. On the facts of the case I cannot say that t here is over whelming probability that the appeal will succeed. The application is therefore dismissed. \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid818752\charrsid7880906 J. P. M. Tabaro \par Judge \par 6-12-2007 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid818752\charrsid7880906 \par Later in the afternoon \par Appellant/applicant present \par Mr. D. Ali for applicant \par Mr. G. W. Byensi for Respondent \par Ruling delivered \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid818752\charrsid7880906 J. P. M. Tabaro \par Judge \par 6-12-2007}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16465822\charrsid7880906 \par }}