[1999] UGCC 1

THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA

IN THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF UGANDA

## AT KAMPALA

CONSTITUTIONAL PETITION NO. 2 OF 1999 CORAM: HON. MR. JUSTICE C. M. KATO, J. A. HON. MR. JUSTICE G. M. OKELLO, J. A. HON. LADY JUSTICE A. E. MPAGI-BAHIGEINE, JA HON. MR. JUSTICE J. P. BERKO, J. A. HON. LADY JUSTICE C. N. B. KITUMBA, J. A.

CHARLES KABAGAMBE.................................... 10

## **VERSUS**

UGANDA ELECTRICITY BOARD....................................

## REASONS FOR THE DECISION:

Charles Kabagambe, to whom we shall refer as "The Petitioner", filed a petition in this court on the $4^th$ of June 1999. He cited The Uganda Electricity Board, to whom we shall refer as the respondent, to the petition. In the petition he listed several acts committed by the respondent, which he alleged, were inconsistent with and contrary to Article 42 of the Constitution. He then prayed for the following reliefs:

declaration that the dismissal of the $(a)$ a petitioner was done in a manner and based on a process that was inconsistent with and in contravention of the requirement that just and fair treatment shall be accorded to all persons in making administrative decisions,

grant an order of redress to the petitioner $(b)$ against the respondent and

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(c) costs of the petition.

when the matter came up for hearing on the 30th June Lgggt Mr. Kagumire, on behalf of the respondent,, raised a preliminary objection that this court has no jurisdiction in the matter as the lssues ralsed j.n the petition do not require interPletation of any provision of the Constitution. He was supported ln that regard by Mr. Cheborion Balishakl who appeared on behalf of the Attorney General as Aaicu.s CLtriae . we upheld the preliminary objection an'd dlsnlssed the petition with costs to the respondent and reserved our reasonswhich we now proceed to give.

The following is a brlei account of what led to the petition. The petitioner was on {th Eebruary, 1991 appointed the Board' secretary of the respondent. The appointment was probatlonary fot the first six months. After the successful completion of the probationa,ry Period hls appointment was confirmed on the 28th November ¹⁹⁹¹ in the category of a permanent senior staff. He hetd that post unEil he was disraissed from the sald office by the respondent acting as an administratlve body. ?he dismissal was corununicated to the petitioner in a Letter dated 6th May, 1999. rr(D

> It is the complaint of the petltioner that hls dismissal was the result and culmination of a series of administrative decisions by the respondent and ^a fundamental flawed administrative hearing process that infringed his right to a fair and just treatment under ArticLe 42 of the Constitution and was thereby inconsistent with and in contravention of the Constituiion,

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Instances of decisions and fLawed are : the alleged admi ni s t rat ive adminlst.ratlve hearlng process

- (a) On the 18th August 1998 the resPondent sent the petlttoner on forced leave in a manner that, by reasons of the tertns of such leave. amounted to the lmposltion of administrative sanctions on the petitioner, The said action was taken before granting the petitioner a right to be heard and, that, according to hln, was in contravention of the PrinclPles of Natural \rusEice. The sanctlong lmposed ' wLre also ultr.rLres the regulatlons governing his enployment . - (b) The hearing was conducted unfalrly and unJustly in that: - (1) he was repeatedly denleb access to evidence and documents in Possession of the resPondent, - (iil the hearing was characterlsed by attempts to ambush hln and mislead him as to the true nature of the charges agalnst him; - (iii) he was denied a rlght to counsel when the resPondent was represented bY counsel i

(iv) members of the Tribunal acted both as prosecutor and judge in the conduct of the purported hearing, and thus

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violated the rules of natural justicei

the Tribunal had 1n 1ts conposition two members, Mr. Frank Katusiime and Mr. Kagule - Magambo, who had Personal differences with him and who had refused to dlsquall fY themselves from PartlclPatlng in the hearlng. Thelr part.icipation in the hearlng resulted' in unfair and unjust treatment of hln;

(vl) evldence lras adduced before the respondent' s trlbunal ln his absence at a second hearing on the 6th MaY ¹⁹⁹⁹ and he was neither glven notice of the fact that the tribunal had receivedthe sald evidence nor given a chance to rebut or resPond to lt,

> he was ordered out of the hearing of 6'h MaY 1999 bY the respondent's chairman and hls absence from the hearing was afterwards relied on bY the respondent to justifY his dismissal on a false alJ.egatj.on that he had walked out of the hearing and

(viii ) the respondent took a long time to make a decision after

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having completed the 18th september hearlng 1998 . on

- It is with this background that the petitioner filed this petltlon. As we have indicated earller on, when the petition came up for hearing, counsel for the respondent raised a preliminary objectlon that there was no Constitutional issue reguiring interpretation by this court and consequently that this court has no jurisdiction in the natter.

Mr. Kagumire argued that the cause of actlon ln the petition is an a). Ieged violation of the provisions of Article 42 of the Constitution which guarantees aII persons appearing before any administrative offlclal or body a right to be treated justly and fairly. The article itself provides a forum through which a person can challenge an administrative decision taken agalnst h,im. That forum is not this court. The peEitioner was ^a servant to the respondent who was appointed under sections 5(6) and 9(1)(e) of the Electricity Act, (Cap 135). The AcE gives the respondent power to hile and to dismiss servants. If. the servant feels that he has wrongfully been dismissed, he goes to an ordinary court and claims damages for wrongful, dismissal. In support of his argurneht he cited and relied on the case of Vtdyodaya University of CeyTon and others v Si]va t79641 3 All ^E R 865 PC.

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Mr. Kagumire further argued that any person who claj.ms that a fundamental right guaranteed to h1m under the Constitution has been infringed cannot come direct to this court for redress except by way of refe:ence under Art 137 (5) of the Constitution. He cited and relied on

the cases of Attorney General vrs. Major General David Tinyefuza, Constitutional Appeal No. 1 of 1997, Supreme Court, (unreported), and Dr. James Rwanyarale and Another v Attorney General, Constitutional Petition No. 11 of 1997.

He finally submitted that for the above reasons, the petition was in a wrong court. He prayed that it should be dismissed with costs.

Cheborion Balishaki contended that the Mr. for enforcement of right under the $is$ petition Constitution and therefore it is in a wrong court. He agreed that it should be dismissed.

On behalf of the petitioner, Mr. Byenkya argued that the petition is brought under Article 42 of the Constitution. The article creates two separate rights. The first right is given to any person who appears before any administrative official or body to be treated justly and fairly. The second is a right to go to court and challenge an administrative decision taken against him. According to Mr. Byenkya the right to just and fair treatment is absolute.

The respondent is an administrative body. The petitioner appeared before it. He was not treated justly The cause of action is not wrongful and fairly. The petition is grounded on Article 137(3)(b) dismissal. of the Constitution which empowers the petitioner to ask for a declaration and also seek redress. The complaint of the petitioner is that the respondent did not treat him justly and fairly on the days he appeared before it and dismissed him unjustly. The issue here is whether this court has jurisdiction in the matter and not whether other courts also have jurisdiction.

According to counsel, it is not true that the majority of the Justices of the Supreme Court decided in Tinyefuza (Supra) that this court is for interpretation only. He referred to excerpts in the judgment to support his argument.

He finally submitted that this court is one of the courts for enforcement of fundamental rights and He abandoned reliance on Article 50 of the freedoms. Constitution.

Article 42 of the Constitution which is alleged to have been violated reads:

"Any person appearing before any administrative official or body has a right to be treated justly and fairly and shall have a right to apply to a court of law in respect of any administrative decision taken against him or her".

We do not agree with the argument of Mr. Byenkya that the article creates two separate and distinct rights. The right to go to court of law is conjointly linked with the administrative decision taken against the person who appeared before an administrative official or body when that person had not been treated justly and fairly. In otherwords, the right to go to court is given to the person who appears before an administrative official or body to challenge whatever administrative decision made against him when he was not treated justly and fairly at appeared before the said times he time or the administrative official or body. It is the decision that arose from the unjust and unfair treatment that gives one

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the right to apply to a court of law and challenge it. The unjust and unfair treatment of the petitioner by the respondent resulted in the dismissal of the petitioner. Therefore we do not agree with Mr. Byenkya's argument that the petition is not about a wrongful dismissal. In our view the petition is precisely about that.

The allegations that are said to have constituted the unjust and unfair treatment are contained in the petition. They have been exemplified and elaborated in the petitioner's affidavits in support. These have been denied by the respondent in its answer and supporting affidavit. Issues are therefore joined between the petitioner and the respondent. The resolution of those issues do not require interpretation of Article 42 and, for that matter, any, provision of the Constitution.

The dispute about the import of the decision of the David Tinyefuza Supreme Court in Attorney General v (Supra) concerning the jurisdiction of the court has finally been put to rest by the Supreme Court in the Constitutional Petition No. 2 of 1998 Between Ismail Serugo and Kampala City Council and Another. Mulenga JSC had this to say:

"Although there are a number of issues in that case decided on the basis of majority view, it is evident from a proper reading of the seven judgments in that case, that it was the the that unanimous holding of court the jurisdiction of the Constitutional court was exclusively derived from Article 137 of the It was not a holding in any of Constitution. of the 50 that Article judgments the Constitutional on the Constitution confers,

additional and/or any separate Court, jurisdiction to enforce the right and freedoms It seems to quaranteed under the Constitution. me that what Mr. Mbabazi may have misconstrued is the holding..... that the Constitutional Court was "a competent court" for purpose of Art 50 to which an application (for redress) may be made when such right or freedom is infringed or threatened. It must be noted, however, that this holding is subject to a rider..... to the effect that such application for redress can be made to the Constitutional Court, only in the context of a petition under Art 137 brought principally for interpretation of the Constitution. It is provisions in clauses (3), and (4) of Art 137 that empower the Constitutional Court, when adjudicating on interpretation $\quad\texttt{of}\quad$ the petition for $\mathbf{a}$ redress where Constitution, to grant appropriate. Clause (3) provides in effect, that when a person petitions for a declaration on interpretation of the Constitution, he may also petition for redress where appropriate. Clause (4) then provides:

> "(4) Where upon determination of the petition under Clause (3) of this the Constitutional court article considers that there is need for $in$ addition to the redress sought, the declaration Constitutional Court may -

(a) grant an order for redress; or

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refer the matter to the High $(b)$ investigate to and Court appropriate determine the redress".

It follows that a person who seeks to enforce a right or freedom guaranteed under the Constitution, by claiming infringement or for its redress threatened infringement, but whose claim does not call for interpretation of the Constitution, has to apply to any other competent court. The Constitutional Court is competent for that purpose only upon determination of a petition under Art $137(3)$ ."

Wambuzi CJ also had this to say:

"In my view for the Constitutional Court to have jurisdiction the petition must of it, that the face show, on interpretation of a provision of the Constitution is required. It is not that to allege merely $\mathbf{a}$ enough provision has been Constitutional If therefore rights have been violated. violated as claimed, these are enforceable under Article 50 of the Constitution by another competent court.........

I am aware that the Constitutional Court is also a competent court under Article 50 but this court has already held that the Constitutional Court has no

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jurisdiction in any matter which does not involve the interpretation of a provision of the Constitution. See Attorney General Tinyefuza -Const. App. No. 1 of 1997".

It is therefore now settled once and for all that if the matter does not require an interpretation of a provision of the Constitution, then there is no juristic scope for the invocation of the jurisdiction of this court.

Here the petitioner alleges that his rights were violated and claims declaration and redress. On the facts available one cannot rule out wrongful dismissal. This is a matter dealt with by specific laws. They can be enforced by a competent court and should a question of interpretation of the Constitution arises, that question can always be referred to this court.

It was for the foregoing reasons that we held that this court had no jurisdiction in respect of the claims against the respondent and dismissed the petition with 20 costs to the respondent.

Kampala

Dated at this

$15$ ^th $\ldots$ day

C. M. Kato Justice of Appeal. G. M. Okello Justice of Appeal Mpagi-Bahigeine Justice of Appeal. J. P. Berko Justice of Appeal.

CHLS. Citumba,<br>C. N. B. Kitumba, Justice of Appeal.

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