[2010] UGCA 7

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LADY JUSTICE A. E. N. MPAGI-BAHIGEINE, JA \par \tab \tab HON. MR. JUSTICE S. G. ENGWAU, JA. \par \tab \tab HON. MR. JUSTICE A. TWINOMUJUNI, JA \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid131194 {\b\fs36\ul\insrsid2638848\charrsid131194 CIVIL APPEAL NO.18 OF 2008 \par }{\insrsid2638848 BETWEEN \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2638848 {\insrsid2638848 YOWASI KABIGURUKA \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85. APPELLANT \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid131194 {\insrsid2638848 AND \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2638848 {\insrsid2638848 SAMUEL BYARUFU \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85 RESPONDENT \par }{\i\fs24\insrsid2638848\charrsid131194 [Appeal from the judgment and orders of the High Court at Mbarara (Mugamba, J.) dated 20}{\i\fs24\super\insrsid2638848\charrsid131194 th}{\i\fs24\insrsid2638848\charrsid131194 December, 2007 in High Court Civil Appeal No.09 of 2006]. \par }{\insrsid2638848 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid131194 {\b\fs36\ul\insrsid2638848\charrsid131194 JUDGMENT OF ENGWAU, JA. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid131194 {\insrsid2638848 This is a second appeal from the judgment and orders of the first appellate}{\insrsid131194 court in High Court Civil Appeal No.09 of 2006, dated 20}{\super\insrsid131194\charrsid131194 th}{\insrsid131194 December, 2007 in which the appellate judge set aside the judgment of the Magistrate Grade I at Mbarara and ordered a retrial with each party to bear its own costs.}{\insrsid2638848 \par }{\insrsid12472891 \par The background facts of this appeal are fairly simple and straightforward. The appellant instituted a civil case in the Magistrate Grade I Court at Mbarara vide Civil Suit No. MMB 106 of 1993. In that suit, the appellant sought, inter alia , a declaration that the land in dispute belonged to him, for a permanent injunction restraining the respondent from further trespass, an eviction order, general damages for breach of contract and costs of the suit. \par \par The appellant claimed that at all material times, he }{\insrsid7669737 was}{\insrsid12472891 the registered }{\insrsid2191488 proprietor}{\insrsid12472891 of the suit land comprised in Leasehold Register Vol.1460, Folio 9 Plot 17 Block 4, Karora, Nyarubungo, Rugando, Rwampara. According to the appellant, the }{\insrsid344221 respondent on 29}{\super\insrsid344221\charrsid344221 th}{\insrsid344221 November, 1993 unlawfully and without lawful justification, trespassed on a portion of this land by fencing it off.}{\insrsid12472891 \par }{\insrsid344221 \par The respondent denied the allegation and contended that he owned the suit land customarily and that the appellant\rquote s Title was obtained fraudulently by enclosing his customary holding into the Land Title. \par \par The Magistrate Grade 1 on the 5}{\super\insrsid344221\charrsid344221 th}{\insrsid344221 of June, 2003, entered judgment in favour of the }{\insrsid5339975 appellant with the following orders:}{\insrsid344221 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\f1\fs28\insrsid5339975\charrsid5339975 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 (a)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-720\li1080\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1080\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid5339975 { \b\i\insrsid5339975\charrsid5339975 a declaration}{\b\i\insrsid16016068 order that the land in dispute}{\b\i\insrsid5339975\charrsid5339975 is owned by the appellant;}{\b\i\insrsid5339975 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\f1\fs28\insrsid5339975 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 (b)\tab}granted general damages in the tune of Ug. Shs.500,000/=; \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\f1\fs28\insrsid5339975 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 (c)\tab}costs of the suit; \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\f1\fs28\insrsid4467461 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 (d)\tab}}{\b\i\insrsid4467461 permanent injunction restraining the respondent from further trespass and }{\b\i\insrsid5339975 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\f1\fs28\insrsid4467461 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 (e)\tab}}{\b\i\insrsid4467461 interest of 6% in (b) and (c) from the date of judgment till payment in full. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4467461 {\insrsid4467461 Being aggrieved by the judgment and orders of the Magistrate Grade I, the }{\insrsid16016068 respondent l}{\insrsid8719535 odged his appeal in the High Court at Mbarara on 17}{\super\insrsid8719535\charrsid8719535 th}{\insrsid8719535 May, 2006, against the whole judgment and orders of the Magistrate Grade 1 delivered on 5}{\super\insrsid8719535\charrsid8719535 th}{ \insrsid7669737 June, 2003}{\insrsid8719535 . Obviously, the appeal was filed out of }{\insrsid7669737 the }{\insrsid8719535 stipulated statutory period within which to file an appeal.}{\insrsid4467461 \par }{\insrsid8719535 \par Consequently, the respondent applied for leave to appeal out of time vide High Court Miscellaneous Application No.01 of 2003. The application was heard and dismissed by the High Court}{\insrsid7669737 .}{\insrsid8719535 The respondent then went ahead and sought leave to appeal against High Court refusal to grant him leave to appeal out of time vide High Court Miscellaneous Application No.27 of 2003 which application was granted. \par \par In Civil Appeal No.87 of 2004, the Court of Appeal allowed the respondent to file his appeal out of time against the judgment of Magistrate Grade 1}{\insrsid7669737 .}{\insrsid8719535 The judgment of the Court of Appeal was apparently delivered on 5}{ \super\insrsid8719535\charrsid8719535 th}{\insrsid8719535 April, 2006. In this judgment,}{\insrsid7669737 however,}{\insrsid8719535 the Court of Appeal did not specify the period of time within which the respo ndent would file his appeal in the High Court.}{\insrsid7669737 The respondent filed his appeal 12}{\insrsid15207076 days after the expiry of the statutory period of 30 days. The 1}{\super\insrsid15207076\charrsid15207076 st}{\insrsid15207076 appellate judge proceeded to consider the appeal. }{\insrsid8719535 The following are some extracts from the judgment of the High Court as the 1}{\super\insrsid8719535\charrsid8719535 st}{\insrsid8719535 }{\insrsid5649408 appellate Court:}{ \insrsid8719535 \par }{\b\i\insrsid5649408 \'93This is an appeal against the decision of Mr. Kaboggoza Musoke, Magistrate Grad}{\b\i\insrsid16016068 e 1, Mbarara. The appeal was f}{\b\i\insrsid5649408 iled in this court on 17}{\b\i\super\insrsid5649408\charrsid5649408 th}{ \b\i\insrsid5649408 May 2006 in the wake of the Court of Appeal ruling that this court extends the period within which the appellant was to file his appeal. For the record that ruling was delivered on 5}{\b\i\super\insrsid5649408\charrsid5649408 th}{ \b\i\insrsid5649408 April 2002}{\b\i\insrsid15207076 sic(5}{\b\i\super\insrsid15207076\charrsid15207076 th}{\b\i\insrsid15207076 April 2006)}{\b\i\insrsid5649408 . Counsel for the }{\b\i\insrsid8027467 respondent raises a preliminary objection to the effect that under S.79 of the Civil Procedure Act, which governs appeals to this court in civil matters, the appeal was filed out of time and should therefore be st}{\b\i\insrsid4613766 r}{ \b\i\insrsid8027467 uck out.}{\b\i\insrsid5649408 \par }{\b\i\insrsid8027467 \par Counsel for the appellant on the other hand opposed the objection saying the matter had to be treated differently since it resulted from the ruling of the }{\b\i\insrsid4613766 C}{\b\i\insrsid8027467 ourt of Appeal. Authority was quoted to this end}{ \b\i\insrsid4613766 . W}{\b\i\insrsid8027467 ith respect I am not persuaded. An appeal to this court must be lodged within thirty days of the decree or order. An extension is possible in the discretion of this court for g ood cause shown. Neither was good cause shown nor was leave to appeal out of time given. The appeal was past the statutory time by twelve days.}{\b\i\insrsid3763113 \par \par This being the first appellate court, I note the duty incumbent on it to re-examine and re-evaluate the evidence on record. }{\insrsid3763113\charrsid3933684 See Kezekia Oti}{\insrsid15207076 m vs. George Akileng & others [1 }{ \insrsid3763113\charrsid3933684 982] HCB 42. }{\b\i\insrsid3763113 I have looked at the entire record inclusive of the judgment of the trial court. It emerges the two litigants claim separate pieces of land which are contiguous one to another, never mind the merits in their claims.}{\b\i\insrsid3933684 It was also alleged one party trespassed into the property of the other, which all}{\b\i\insrsid16016068 egation one of the parties deni}{\b\i\insrsid3933684 es. Evidence was heard but no visit was made to the locus in quo. It was stated in }{\insrsid3933684\charrsid3933684 Yeseri Waibi vs. Edisa Lusi Byandala [1982] HCB 28}{\b\i\insrsid3933684 that the practice of visiting the locus in quo is to check on the evidence given by witnesses and not to fill gaps for then the trial Magistrate may run the risk of making himself a witness in the case. The case at hand m erited a visit to the locus in quo by court in order to determine whether the alleged trespass was actual. \par \par Given my ruling earlier in this judgment concerning the competence of this appeal, I should not have gone further. Indeed I shall not go into the m erits of the grounds which have been laid out in the memorandum. Nevertheless a court of law cannot sanction what is illegal and illegality once brought to the attention of the court overrides all questions of pleading, including any admissions made ther eon.}{\b\i\insrsid13794635 }{\insrsid4613766 See Makula I}{\insrsid4866032 nternational Ltd vs. H}{\insrsid13794635\charrsid13794635 is Eminence Cardinal Nsubuga & Anor [1982] HCB 11. }{\b\i\insrsid13794635 In the premises this court would be failing in its duty if it were, at this moment in }{\b\i\insrsid16016068 time}{\b\i\insrsid13794635 with knowledge of what transpired, to merely strike out the memorandum of appeal and allow the judgment of the trial court to prevail. The need to visit the locus in quo cries loud.}{\b\i\insrsid8027467 \par }{\b\i\insrsid13794635 \par Consequently the judgment of the Grade I Magistrate is set aside and a retrial is ordered. Parties are to bear their costs\'94.}{\insrsid13794635 \par \par It is upon the above judgment and order that this appeal is premised on the following grounds: \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\f1\fs28\insrsid13794635 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 1.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13794635 {\b\i\insrsid13794635 The learned appellate judge erred in law and fact when, having held that the appeal was filed out of time, proceeded to re-examine and re-evaluate the evidence on record. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\f1\fs28\insrsid13794635 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 2.\tab}The learn ed appellate judge erred in law and fact in stating that the case in hand had merited a visit to the locus in quo in order to determine whether or not the alleged trespass was actual. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\f1\fs28\insrsid13794635 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 3.\tab}The}{\b\i\insrsid15018174 learned appellate judge erred in law and fact when he decided that f ailure to visit locus in quo was an illegality meriting his intervention in the circumstances of the case.}{\b\i\insrsid13794635 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\f1\fs28\insrsid15018174 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 4.\tab}}{\b\i\insrsid15018174 The learned appellate judge generally misdirected himself on the law and facts and reached wrong decisions setting aside the judgment and decree of the trial Magistrate and in ordering a retrial thereby causing a miscarriage of justice.}{ \b\i\insrsid15018174\charrsid15018174 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15018174 {\insrsid15018174 \par In the }{\insrsid11876162 Notice of Cross-Appeal, on the other hand, the respondent raised two grounds, namely:}{\insrsid15018174 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\f1\fs28\insrsid11876162 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 1.\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-360\li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11876162 {\b\i\insrsid11876162 That the learned trial judge erred in law and fact when he failed to hold that the Appeal was filed within reasonable time. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\f1\fs28\insrsid11876162 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 2.\tab}That the learned trial judge erred in law and fact when he failed and/or refused to award costs to the Appellant now Respondent.}{\b\i\insrsid11876162\charrsid11876162

\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11876162 {\insrsid11876162 \par In the joint scheduling memorandum, the following issues were framed for determination: \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\f1\fs28\insrsid2960427 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 (i)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-720\li2520\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx2520\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin2520\itap0\pararsid2960427 { \b\i\insrsid2960427 Whether or not the learned Appellate Judge in the circumstances of this case erred in law and fact that he proceeded to re-examine and re-evaluate evidence on record?}{\b\i\insrsid6160401 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\f1\fs28\insrsid2960427 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 (ii)\tab}}{\b\i\insrsid2960427 Whether or not the Appeal was filed out of time? \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\f1\fs28\insrsid2960427 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 (iii)\tab}Whether the learned Appellate Judge erred in law and fact when he decided that failure to visit the }{\b\i\insrsid2191488 locus in}{\b\i\insrsid2960427 quo was an illegality meriting his intervention in the circumstances of the case. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\f1\fs28\insrsid2960427 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 (iv)\tab}Whether or not the learned Appellate Judge was justified in the circumstances of this case to use the inherent powers of court to order a retrial? \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\f1\fs28\insrsid2960427 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 (v)\tab}Whether the learned }{\b\i\insrsid2191488 Appellate}{\b\i\insrsid2960427 Judge generally misdirected himself on the law and fact and reached wrong decisions?}{ \b\i\insrsid2960427\charrsid2960427 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2960427 {\insrsid2960427 \par At the commencement of hearing the substantive appeal and Cross-appeal, Mr. Peter Walubiri, learned counsel for the appellant, argued first the 2}{\super\insrsid2960427\charrsid2960427 nd}{\insrsid2960427 issue followed by the 1}{ \super\insrsid2960427\charrsid2960427 st}{\insrsid2960427 issue and the rest in their order. Mr. Richard Mwebembezi, learned counsel for the respondent also followed the same pattern, and for convenience, I shall }{\insrsid16016068 consider issues }{ \insrsid15207076 (i)}{\insrsid16016068 and }{\insrsid15207076 (ii)}{\insrsid16016068 together and }{\insrsid15207076 (iii)}{\insrsid16016068 , }{\insrsid15207076 (iv)}{\insrsid16016068 and }{\insrsid15207076 (v)}{\insrsid16016068 jointly. \par \par \par }{\b\i\ul\insrsid2714449 Issue No.}{\b\i\ul\insrsid4866032 (}{\b\i\ul\insrsid2714449 ii)}{\b\i\ul\insrsid2960427\charrsid16016068 \par }{\insrsid2960427 Mr. Walubiri pointed out that according to the record of appeal, the judgment of the High court appears at page 30 thereof. }{\insrsid6240134 In that judgment, the respondent filed his appeal on 17}{ \super\insrsid6240134\charrsid6240134 th}{\insrsid6240134 May, 2006 after the Court of Appeal had granted an extension of time vide Civil Appeal No.87 of 2004. In this case the Court of Appeal granted leave without setting the time during which the respondent would lodge his appeal.}{\insrsid2960427 \par }{\insrsid6240134 \par It is the respondent\rquote s case that the appeal was filed within a reasonable time of 12 days. In counsel\rquote s opinion, reasonable time must be seen in the }{\insrsid2714449 context of the law.}{\insrsid6240134 }{\insrsid2714449 }{ \insrsid6240134 Section 79(1) (a) of the Civil Procedure Act provides: \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4467461 {\insrsid6240134 \tab }{\b\i\insrsid6240134 \'9379. (1) }{\b\i\insrsid2191488 except}{\b\i\insrsid6240134 as otherwise specifically provided in any }{\b\i\insrsid11993153 \par }{\b\i\insrsid16016068 other law, every}{\b\i\insrsid4613766 appeal shall be }{\b\i\insrsid6240134 ent}{\b\i\insrsid11993153 e}{\b\i\insrsid6240134 red}{\b\i\insrsid11993153 \endash }{\b\i\insrsid4467461 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\f1\fs28\insrsid11993153 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 (a)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-435\li1515\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1515\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1515\itap0\pararsid11993153 { \b\i\insrsid11993153 within thirty days of the date of the decree or order of \par }\pard \qj \li1080\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid11993153 {\b\i\insrsid11993153 the court. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\f1\fs28\insrsid11993153 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 (b)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-435\li1515\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1515\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1515\itap0\pararsid11993153 { \b\i\insrsid11993153 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\f1\fs28\insrsid11993153 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 (c)\tab}\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'94 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11993153 {\b\i\insrsid11993153 \par }{\insrsid11993153 It is the contention of counsel Walubiri that the appellate judge was right to hold that the appeal was filed out of time. Having made that finding, the appeal should}{\insrsid16016068 have}{\insrsid11993153 come to an end}{ \insrsid4613766 at that stage}{\insrsid11993153 . In counsel\rquote s view, cross-appeal on that ground should be dismissed. \par \par }{\insrsid11099577 Mr. Mwebembezi did not agree. He pointed out that the Court of Appeal grante d an extension of time within which to appeal in the High Court but did not specify the time within which the respondent was supposed to file papers. Counsel further pointed out that whereas the order was granted on the 5}{ \super\insrsid11099577\charrsid11099577 th}{\insrsid11099577 April, 2006 but the order was extracted on the 10}{\super\insrsid11099577\charrsid11099577 th}{\insrsid11099577 May 2006 and the appeal was eventually filed on the 17}{ \super\insrsid11099577\charrsid11099577 th}{\insrsid11099577 May, 2006.}{\insrsid11993153 \par }{\insrsid11099577 \par It is the contention of counsel that section 79(1) C. P. A was no longer applicable because having failed to comply, the respondent had resorted to section 96 C. P. A, which provides: \par }{\b\i\insrsid11099577 \'93 Where any period is fixed or granted by the court for the doing of any act prescribed or allowed by this Act, the court may, in its discretion, from time to time, enlarge that period, even though the period originally fixed or granted may have expired\'94 . \par \par }{\insrsid11099577 Learned co}{\insrsid2714449 unsel submitted that this court}{\insrsid11099577 the High Court, when exercising its powers under section 96 C. P. A to enlarge time, it is not limited or bound by the provisions of section 79(1)}{ \insrsid16135368 CPA. In counsel\rquote s view, the 1}{\super\insrsid16135368\charrsid16135368 st}{\insrsid16135368 appellate judge was ju stified to re-examine and re-evaluate the evidence on record by using the powers vested in him under section 96 CPA.}{\insrsid11099577 \par }{\insrsid16135368 \par Mr. Mwebembezi further submitted that this court having not set the time within}{\insrsid4613766 which}{\insrsid16135368 to appeal after the extension, the respondent had to resort to the Interpretation Act (CAP3) Section 34(2) thereof provides: \par \par }{\b\i\insrsid16135368 \'93Where no time is prescribed or allowed within which anything shall be done, that thing shall be done without unreasonable delay and as often as due occasion arises\'94. \par \par }{\insrsid16135368 It is counsel\rquote s submission that }{\insrsid2714449 the }{\insrsid16135368 Appeal which was filed on the 17}{\super\insrsid16135368\charrsid16135368 th}{\insrsid16135368 May 2006 after an Order of extension granted on 5}{ \super\insrsid16135368\charrsid16135368 th}{\insrsid16135368 April 2006 was filed within reasonable time. \par \par Without prejudice to the above submission, even if it were to be found that the appeal was filed outside the t}{\insrsid2714449 ime limit, this is a case that sh}{\insrsid16135368 ould fall within the ambit of Article 126(2)(e) of the Constitution where substantial justice was to be administered without undue regard to technicalities. According to counsel, this being a land matter where the respondent lives and deri}{ \insrsid2714449 ves livelihood, technicalities sh}{\insrsid16135368 ould be ignored in favour of substantial justice. \par \par Counsel further pointed out that in the case of Loi Kageni Kiryapawo vs Gole Nicholas Davis, Civil Application No.15 of 2007, the Supreme Court held inter alia: \par \par }{\b\i\insrsid10962344 \'93Accordingly, we find that the Memorandum of Appeal and the Record of Appeal filed on 1}{\b\i\super\insrsid10962344\charrsid10962344 st}{\b\i\insrsid10962344 October 2007 were filed out of time. The Appeal is therefore incompetent. However, in the interest of justice we are not inclined to strike out the appeal \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85 .. We accept the alternative prayer that the respondent be granted extension of time\'85\'85\'85.\'94.}{\b\i\insrsid16135368 \par }{\b\i\insrsid10962344 \par }{\insrsid10962344 In counsel\rquote s view, even if the court was to make a finding that the Appeal was filed out of time, in the interest of justice, it would be left to be heard on merit taking into account the above decision of the Supreme Court.

\par \par According to counsel, cross-appeal should be allowed.}{\insrsid10962344\charrsid10962344 \par }{\insrsid13047005 \par }{\insrsid10968029 It is necessary for me to reproduce the provisions of S.79 CPA.}{\insrsid13047005 \par }{\b\i\insrsid10968029 \tab \'9379. Limitation for appeals. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\f1\fs28\insrsid10968029 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 (1)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-465\li1185\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1185\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin1185\itap0\pararsid10968029 {\b\i\insrsid10968029 Except as otherwise specifically provided in any other law, every appeal shall be entered \endash \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\f1\fs28\insrsid10968029 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 (a)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-540\li1980\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1980\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1980\itap0\pararsid10968029 { \b\i\insrsid10968029 within thirty days of the date of the decree or order of the court; or \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\f1\fs28\insrsid10968029 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 (b)\tab}within seven days of the date of the order of a registrar, as the case may be, appealed against, }{\b\i\ul\insrsid10968029\charrsid6755911 but the appellate court m ay for good cause admit an appeal though the period of limitation prescribed by this section has elapsed. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\f1\fs28\insrsid15214007 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 (2)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-465\li1185\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1185\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin1185\itap0\pararsid10968029 {\b\i\insrsid15214007 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'94 [Emphasis included].}{\b\i\insrsid10968029 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15214007 {\insrsid15214007 It is true that this court in Civil Appeal No.87 of 2004, had allowed Samuel Byarufu, now the respondent, an extension of t ime within which to appeal against the judgment of Magistrate Grade One in Civil Suit No. MB 106 of 1993 delivered on 5}{\super\insrsid15214007\charrsid15214007 th}{\insrsid2714449 June, 2003}{\insrsid15214007 after the High Court had rejected his application for the same. It is also true this court did not give Mr. Byarufu any specific time within which to file his appeal. The appeal was then filed 12 days after the 30 days had expired. \par \par The appellate judge having noted that the appeal was filed out of time and having proceeded to re-examine and re-evaluate evidence on}{\insrsid11289459 record, in my view, validated the appeal under section}{\insrsid6755911 s}{\insrsid11289459 79(1) }{ \insrsid6755911 and 96 }{\insrsid11289459 of the Civil Procedure Act. The respondent contended that he owned the land customaril}{\insrsid6755911 y and that the appellant\rquote s t}{\insrsid11289459 itle was obtained fraudulently by enclosing his customary holding into his land title. This contention, in my view, was good cause for investigation into}{\insrsid7158897 which land belonged to the appellant vis-\'e0-vis that of the respondent.}{ \insrsid15214007 \par }{\insrsid7158897 \par The appellant during cross-examination at page 13 of the record of proceedings stated thus: }{\b\i\insrsid7158897 He had a kibanja next to the disputed land. My title surrounds his kibanja. It is outside my title\'85\'85\'85. \par I heard that is how he got his kibanja by purchase from Rwahinda. It was before I settled\'85\'85\'85\'85 The defendant\rquote s land remained in the middle. The land in the middle was not in the Application\'85\'85\'85\'85 .. His price was high I could not buy it and later he said he was not selling\'94.}{\insrsid7158897 \par }{\insrsid1714744 \par Further}{\insrsid1922085 in re-examination the appellant stated thus: }{\b\i\insrsid1922085 \'93My land engulfs his kibanja on 3 sides\'94.}{\insrsid1714744 \par }{\insrsid1922085 \par In his judgment, the appellate judge rightly stated thus: }{\b\i\insrsid1922085 \'93 I have looked at the entire record inclusive of the judgment of the trial court. It emerges the two litigants claim separate pieces of land which are contiguous one to another, never mind the merits in their claims. It was also alleged one party tr espassed into the property of the other, which allegation one of the parties denies\'94.}{\insrsid1922085 \par \par Mr. Walubiri\rquote s contention is that the judge should not have considered the merits of the appeal on the ground that it was filed out of time. In the interest of justice, Mr. Walubiri\rquote s contention is untenable in the circumstances of this case. The appellant admits that his land surrounds that of the respondent. The judge was justified to order a retrial in order to identify the appellant\rquote s land from that of the responde nt. The appellant should not use his land title to engulf }{\insrsid6755911 the respondent\rquote s customary land, which he failed to buy in the first place.}{\insrsid1922085 \par \par Further, it is my considered view that Mr. Walubiri\rquote s contention is based on mere technicalities. Under Article 126(2)( e) of the 1995 Constitution of Uganda, substantive justice must be administered without undue regard to technicalities. In my view, this principle applies }{\insrsid6755911 with full force on}{\insrsid6181489 this matter. I cannot fault the 1}{ \super\insrsid6181489\charrsid6181489 st}{\insrsid6181489 appellate judge for re-examining and re-evaluating the evidence on record.}{\insrsid1922085 \par }{\insrsid6181489 \par In the case of }{\b\i\insrsid6181489\charrsid6181489 Hajati Safina Nababi vs. Yafesi Lule, Civil Appeal No.9 of 1978,}{\insrsid6181489 the Court of Appeal held inter-alia:}{\insrsid6181489\charrsid1922085 \par }{\b\i\insrsid15214007 \par }{\b\i\insrsid6181489 \tab \'93It is axiomatic that a party instructs counsel, he assumes control over the case to conduct it throughou t, the party cannot share the conduct of the case with his counsel. He must elect both to conduct it entirely in person or to entrust it to his counsel\'94. \par }{\insrsid6181489 The delay to file appeal, in the instant case, in my view, was again caused by the respondent\rquote s couns el, which should not be visited on him, especially when the appellant did not raise it in the submissions before the trial judge. The lawyers for the appellant should be estopped from raising the point on appeal. It would be an injustice to make the cli ent suffer for a mistake of his lawyer. \par \par In Civil }{\b\i\insrsid6181489\charrsid8801535 Appeal No.87 of 2004}{\insrsid6181489 , the judgment of the Court of Appeal was apparently delivered on 5}{\super\insrsid6181489\charrsid6181489 th}{\insrsid6181489 April, 2006. In this judgment, the Court of Appeal}{\insrsid8394318 did not specify the period of time within which the resp}{\insrsid272156 ondent wo uld file his appeal in the High Court. The respondent filed his appeal 12 days after the expiration of 30 days. Section 34(2}{\insrsid290852 ) of the I}{\insrsid272156 nterpretation Act provides: \par \par \tab }{\b\i\insrsid272156 \'93Where no time is prescribed or allowed within which anything shall be done, that thing shall be done without unreasonable delay and as often as due occasion arises\'94. \par \par }{\insrsid272156 In the circumstances of this case, the respondent who is a layman, filed his appeal 12 days past the statutory period of 30 days under section 79(1) of the Civil Procedure Act. In my view, the respondent acted without unreasonable delay.

\par \par It }{\insrsid14024902 is to be noted further that, according to rule 57 of the Rules of this court, when any order of the court does not specify the time within which to do an act, a person who is affected by such order is supposed to apply to the court to rescind the order. The order of this court granting leave to appeal did not specify the time and therefore the appellant being the one complaining, should have applied to rescind the order. Having failed to do so, he should be estopped from raising the issue of limitation of time since he himself waived it.}{\insrsid2432183 \par \par In the net result, I would answer issues (i) and (ii) in the negative. \par }{\insrsid2706258 \tab }{\b\i\insrsid2706258\charrsid2706258 Issues:}{\b\i\insrsid2432183\charrsid2706258 \par }{\b\i\insrsid6631397 }{\b\i\insrsid16523596\charrsid16523596 (}{\b\i\insrsid6631397 iii}{\b\i\insrsid16523596\charrsid16523596 )}{\insrsid2432183 \tab }{\insrsid6631397 }{\insrsid2432183 Whether the learned Appellate Judge erred in law and fact }{ \insrsid6631397 \par }{\insrsid2432183 when he decided that failure to visit the locus in quo was an }{\insrsid6631397 \par }{\insrsid2432183 illegality meriting his intervention in the circumstances of the }{\insrsid6631397 \par }{\insrsid2432183 case.}{\insrsid9530036 \par }{\insrsid6631397 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\f1\fs28\insrsid6631397 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 (iv)\tab}}\pard \qj \fi-720\li1080\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1080\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid6631397 {\insrsid6631397 Whether or not the learned appellate judge was justified in the circumstances of this case to use the inherent powers of court to order a retrial? \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\f1\fs28\insrsid6631397 \hich\af1\dbch\af0\loch\f1 (v)\tab}Whether the learned appellate judge generally misdirected himself on the law and fact and reached wrong decisions? \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15214007 {\insrsid9530036 \par Mr. Walubiri submitted that failure to visit }{\insrsid2706258 the }{\insrsid9530036 locus in quo is not an illegality. According to counsel, visiting the locus in quo is not mandatory }{\insrsid2706258 but depends}{\insrsid9530036 on the circumstances of each case. Counsel pointed out that the trial judge relied on the case of }{\b\i\insrsid9530036\charrsid9530036 Makula International Ltd vs. His Eminence Cardinal Nsubuga & Anor. [1982] HCB 11}{\insrsid9530036 out of context. } {\insrsid290852 In that case, the tax-officer used }{\insrsid2706258 the }{\insrsid290852 wrong principle for the award. }{\insrsid9530036 In the instant case, failure to visit the locus in quo is not an illegality. \par \par Mr. Mwebembezi for the respondent conceded that failure to }{\insrsid3934875 visit the}{\insrsid4866032 }{\insrsid9530036 locus in quo is not an illegality.}{\insrsid2063833 However, counsel pointed out that the respondent contended that he owned the land customarily and that the appellant\rquote s title was obtained fraudulently by enclosing his customary holding into his land title. In counsel\rquote s view, th e respondent raised an allegation of fraud that prompted the judge to state thus: \par \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3550556 {\b\i\insrsid2063833 \tab \'93 A court of law cannot sanction what is illegal and illegality once brought to the attention of the court overrides all questions of pleading, including any admissions made thereon\'85\'85. }{\b\i\insrsid2063833\charrsid2063833 In the premises this court would be failing in its duty if it were, at this moment in time with knowledge of what transpired, to merely strike out the memorandum of appeal and allow the judgment of the trial court to prevail. The need to visi t the locus in quo cries out loud\'94.}{\b\i\insrsid6181489\charrsid2063833 }{\b\i\insrsid3550556 \par \par }{\insrsid3550556 I would }{\insrsid290852 agree}{\insrsid3550556 with the submission of counsel for the respondent that in the circumstances of this case failure to visit the locus in quo was not an illegality. The alleged fraud by the respondent prompted the learned judge to state}{\insrsid290852 further}{ \insrsid3550556 thus: \par \par }{\b\i\insrsid3550556 \'93In the case of Yeseri Waibi vs. Edisa Lusi Byandala [1982] HCB 28, the practice of visiting the locus in quo is to check on the evidence given by witness and not to fill the gap for then the trial Magistrate may run the risk of making himself a witness in the case. The case at hand merited a visit to the locus in quo by court in order to determine whether the alleged trespass was actual\'94. \par \par }{\insrsid3550556 I would entirely }{\insrsid290852 agree}{\insrsid3550556 with the learned judge that according to the circumstances of this case, }{\insrsid6569517 \'93}{\insrsid3550556 the need to visit the locus in quo cries out loud}{ \insrsid6569517 \'94}{\insrsid3550556 in order to investigate the alleged fraud. It was very necessary to investigate which land belonged to the appellant as opposed to the respondent\rquote s land. In that regard, the appellate judge was justified to use the inherent powers of court to order a retrial. It was a necessary order in the interest of justice. Accordingly, issues }{\insrsid6569517 (iii)}{\insrsid3550556 , }{\insrsid6569517 (iv)}{\insrsid2191488 and }{\insrsid6569517 (v)}{ \insrsid2191488 }{\insrsid290852 are }{\insrsid2191488 covered}{\insrsid290852 in the negative}{\insrsid2191488 .}{\insrsid3550556 \par }{\insrsid2191488 \par In the result, I would dismiss this appeal }{\insrsid6569517 with costs }{\insrsid2191488 and uphold the retrial order}{\insrsid6569517 before another Magistrate of competent jurisdiction}{\insrsid2191488 . \par \par Dated at Kampala this \'85\'85\'85..day of\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85.2010. \par \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2191488 {\insrsid2191488 S. G. Engwau \par }{\b\insrsid2191488\charrsid2191488 JUSTICE OF APPEAL}{\b\insrsid2191488 \par }{\b\insrsid346059 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid346059 {\b\insrsid346059\charrsid346059 JUDGMENT OF HON A. E. N. MPAGI-BAHIGEINE, JA}{\b\insrsid346059 \par }{\b\insrsid346059\charrsid346059 \par }{\insrsid346059\charrsid346059 I have perused the judgment of S. G. Engwau, JA in draft. I entirely agree that the circumstances of this case warranted a visit to the locus in quo, failure of which renders a retrial a necessity, though, }{\insrsid346059 regrettably, this suit has dr}{\insrsid346059\charrsid346059 agged on in the court system for far too long, almost sixteen years since 30/05/1994. \par I would nonetheless dismiss this appeal with costs and confirm the appellate Judge\rquote s order for retrial before another Magistrate of competent jurisdiction. \par \par Since Twinomujuni, JA also agrees the stands dismissed on terms as above indicated. \par \par Dated at Kampala this \'8524}{\super\insrsid346059\charrsid346059 th}{\insrsid346059\charrsid346059 \'85day of ... February\'852010 \par \par }{\insrsid11213393\charrsid346059 Hon A. E. N. Mpagi-Bahigeine}{\insrsid346059\charrsid346059 \par JUSTICE OF APPEAL}{\insrsid346059 \par \par }{\b\insrsid11213393\charrsid11213393 JUDGMENT OF TWINOMUJUNI, JA}{\b\insrsid346059\charrsid11213393 \par }{\insrsid11213393 I have had the advantage of perusing the judgments, in draft, of my senior colleagues, Hon Justice Mpagi-Bahigeine, JA and Hon Justice Engwau, JA, I concur and I have nothing useful to add. \par \par Dated at Kampala this \'8524}{\super\insrsid11213393\charrsid11213393 th}{\insrsid11213393 \'85day of \'85February\'852010 \par \par Hon Justice A. Twinomujuni \par JUSTICE OF APPEAL}{\insrsid11213393\charrsid346059 \par }{\b\insrsid346059\charrsid2191488 \par }}