[2000] UGCA 25

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\msmallFrac0\mdispDef1\mlMargin0\mrMargin0\mdefJc1\mwrapIndent1440\mintLim0\mnaryLim1}{\info{\title \'95 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA }{\author Administrator}{\operator skivumbi}{\creatim\yr2010\mo2\dy1\hr16\min11}{\revtim\yr2010\mo2\dy5\hr12\min31}{\version4} {\edmins29}{\nofpages7}{\nofwords2173}{\nofchars10636}{\nofcharsws12784}{\vern32859}}{\*\xmlnstbl {\xmlns1 http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2003/wordml}}\paperw12240\paperh15840\margl1440\margr1440\margt1440\margb1440\gutter0\ltrsect \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\trackmoves1\trackformatting1\donotembedsysfont0\relyonvml0\donotembedlingdata1\grfdocevents0\validatexml0\showplaceholdtext0\ignoremixedcontent0\saveinvalidxml0\showxmlerrors0\noxlattoyen \expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\formshade\horzdoc\dgmargin\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1440\dgvorigin1440\dghshow1\dgvshow1 \jexpand\viewkind1\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\splytwnine\ftnlytwnine\htmautsp\nolnhtadjtbl\useltbaln\alntblind\lytcalctblwd\lyttblrtgr\lnbrkrule\nobrkwrptbl\snaptogridincell\allowfieldendsel\wrppunct \asianbrkrule\rsidroot14576846\newtblstyruls\nogrowautofit \fet0{\*\wgrffmtfilter 2450}\ilfomacatclnup0\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13846342\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (} {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9 \pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid7548950 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA \line IN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8144448 THE COURT OF APPEAL OF UGANDA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 AT KAMPALA \line CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.23 OF 1999 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8144448 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid7548950 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 CORAM: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8144448 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 HON. MR. JUSTICE S. T. MANYINDO, DCJ. \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8144448 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 HON. MR. JUSTICE A. TWINOMUJUNI, JA. \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8144448 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 HON. LADY JUSTICE C. N. B. KITUMBA, JA. \line } {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8144448 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid8144448 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 KATIMA JOHN }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8144448 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85..\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85..}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 APPELLANT \line VERSUS \line UGANDA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8144448 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85..}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 RESPONDENT \line (Appeal from the Judgment of the High Court (Mukanza J.) dated 918196 in \line Criminal Session Case no. 298/93 at Mbarara.) \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8144448\charrsid8144448 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid8144448 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 JUDGMENT OF THE COURT: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8144448 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 Katima John, the ap pellant, was tried and convicted on an indictment that charged him with the offence of defilement, contrary to Section 123(1) of the Penal Code Act and was sentenced to 10 years impris}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8144448 onment on 9/8/1996 by the High }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 Court. He now appeals against both th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8144448 e conviction and sentence. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 The prosecution evidence as accepted by the learned tri}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8144448 al judge was that Allen Tumwebaz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 e, the complainant, was a girl under the age of18 years. On the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 15th }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 December 1992, the complainant went together with her sister Jennifer Tu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8144448 mukwas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 ire to the home of the appellant to demand money from him for the work they had done for him when they weeded his banana plantation. The appellant invited them inside his house and when it began raining they decided to go back home. The appellant sen t the complainant\rquote s sister away. He loc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8144448 ked the complainant inside the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 house. The complainant made an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8144448 alarm which was not answered. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 The appellant forcibly had sexual intercourse with her and detained her the whole }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8144448\charrsid8144448 night}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 . In the early morning of the following day the complainant returned to the home of her uncle, Bernard Ntanda, PW3, and reported that she had been defiled by the appella nt. She was treated with hot water by her mother. Bernard Ntanda (PW3) who reported the matter to Katono Vicent, PW4, Resistance Council I Chairman. Katono Vicent (PW4) issued them with a letter forwarding them to Kabingo Gombolola Headquarters from where the matter was reported }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8144448 to Mbarara police station. The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 complainant was later medically examined by Dr. Wasswa George, PWI. Dr. George Wasswa (PWI) found that the complainant was 14 years old. He also found scratch marks on the back. There were no tears or scratches on the vagina and no rece nt tears of the hymen. He found a dark mark on the urethral meatus which was caused by fo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8144448 rced entrance into the vagina. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 The appellant\rquote s defence was a complete denial. He testified that he had been framed up by Bernard Ntanda, (PW3) because he had a grudge against him. Som}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8144448 e time back, he refused to buy }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 beer for Bernard Ntanda (PW3) who beat him up severely. Ntanda was arrested and ordered to treat the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8144448 appellant but failed to do so. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 The learned trial judge disbelieved the appellant\rquote s defence. He found that the prosecution had proved the case against him beyond reaso}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8144448 nable doubt and convicted him. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 There ar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8144448 e 8 grounds of appeal, namely:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid8144448 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 \'931. The learned trial judge erred }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407\charrsid8144448 in fact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 and law when he failed to properly eval uate the evidence on record and therefore came to a wrong decision that the appellan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8144448 t had defiled the complainant. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 2. The learned trial judge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407\charrsid8144448 in fact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 and law when he convicted the accused to the offence of defilement when it was clear from the evidence on record that prosecution had totally failed to prove it and instead relied on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8144448 incredible evidence to convict the accused. (sic), \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 3. The learned trial judge erred }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407\charrsid8144448 in fact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 when, after properly observing that the evidence of PW2 needed corroboration, he wrongly held that the evidence was corroborated whereas it was not, hence reachin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8144448 g a wrong and unjust decision. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 4. The learned trial judge erred }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407\charrsid8144448 in fact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 and law when he disregarded evidence on record and relied on his mere opinions and speculations which was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8144448 not part of the evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 and h}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8144448 ence came to a wrong decision. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 5. The learned trial judge erred }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407\charrsid8144448 in fact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 and law when he held that the contradictions in the prosecution\rquote s evidence were minor whereas they were major, unexplained and pointed to deliberate falsehood and framed up case against the accused. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8144448

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 6. The learned trial judge erred }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407\charrsid8144448 in fact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 and law when he rejected the accused defence of grudge w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8144448 hich was corroborated by PW2. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 7. The learned trial judge erred }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407\charrsid8144448 in fact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 and law when he held that the prosecution had disproved the accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8144448 \rquote s alibi whereas they had not. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 8. The learned trial jud}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8144448 ge erred }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407 in fact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8144448 and law }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407 when}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8144448 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407 sentenced the appellant to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 10 years imprisonment which was ex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8144448 cessive in the circumstances.\'94 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 Mr. Maxim Mutabingwa, learned counsel for the appellant argued the grounds of appeal in the following order; 1, 2 and 4 together, 3 and 7 together, 5 and 6 together and 8 separately. We shall deal w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407 ith them in the same sequence. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 Counsel\rquote s complaint in the first batch was that the learned trial judge erred in fact and law when}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407 he convicted the appellant on }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 insufficient evidence. With regard to this, he raised basically two issues. Firstly, that there was no evidence to prove that the complainant was below the age of eighteen years. Counsel submitted that in his evidence Dr. Wasswa (PWI) stated that the complainant was fourteen years old. The same witness stated in cross examination that he did not have the machine to examine her age but used his experience. The complainant stated that she w as told by her father that she was born in 1977 whereas her mother Joven Sinalirwe, PW5, testified that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407 the complainant was born on the 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid14764407\charrsid14764407 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 June 1979. Secondly, Mr. Muta}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 ingwa submitted that it had not been sufficiently proved that sexual intercourse took place. The complainant testified that she was defiled on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407 16/12/1992 whereas Dr. Wasswa (P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 W1) stated that he examined }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407 the complainant on 19/11/1992. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 Mr. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407\charrsid8144448 Wagona}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 learned Senior State Atto rney responded that the evidence on record was sufficient to prove that the complainant was below the age of 18 years. Learned counsel submitted that it does not matter whether the complainant was born in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 1979 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407 or 1977 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 because whichever date you take at the time of defilement she was under the age of 18 years. The doctor physically examined the complainant and in his opinion the complainant was under the age of 18 years. Mr. Wagona further contended that sexual intercourse took place. The complainant sa id so and the medical examination showed a dark mark at the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407\charrsid8144448 urethral}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 meatus whic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407 h was evidence of penetration. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 Looking at the evidence on the record as a whole we find that the learned trial judge came to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407 the right conclusion that the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 complainant was un der the age of 18 years. Even if the court believed that the complainant was born in either 1979 or 1977, she was defiled in 1995 and whichever date is taken she was definitely below 18 years of age. The doctor physically examined the complainant and dete rmined that she was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 14 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 years of age. The learned trial judge observed the complainant while she was giving evidence in court and formed his opinion about her age, which he was entitled to do. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 We are satisfied that the act of sexual intercourse was proved. The learned trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407\charrsid8144448 judge believes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 he complainant\rquote s evidence that the appellant forcibly had sexual intercourse with her. He rightly found that her evidence was corroborated by the evidence of Dr. Wasswa (PWI) who testified that he found a dark spot at the urethral meatus which was about 5 days old and was caused by forced entry into the vagina.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407 Grounds 1, 2 and 4 must fail. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 The substance of the complaint}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407 in grounds 3 and 7 is that the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 learned trial judge erred to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407\charrsid8144448 convict the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 appellant on the evidence of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 PW2 which was not corroborated and to reject the evidence of a grudge which was testified to by the appellant and corroborated by th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407 e evidence of the complainant. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 In his submissions, learned counsel did not allude to the complaint in ground 7 and we tak e it that he abandoned that ground. On ground 3, counsel contented that the evidence of the complainant was not corroborated in as far as the identity of the appellant was concerned. He submitte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407 d that the learned trial judge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 warned the assessors of the danger of convicting on uncorroborated evidence but did not warn himself accordingly when he should. In counsel\rquote s view, failure of the judge to warn himself was fatal to the conviction. Mr. Wagona submitted to the contrary, that as the learned trial judge had warned the assessors he was alive to the law and that corroboration was a matt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407 er of practice and not of law. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 Considering the evidence on record and the judgment of the trial judge, we are satisfied that the learned trial judge was alive to the la w that corroboration was required as a matter of practice. He found corrobor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407 ation in the medical evidence. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 He had the opportunity of observing the complainant as she gave her evidence and believed her to be a truthful witness. He was therefore right to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407\charrsid8144448 convict}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 the appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407\charrsid8144448 in spite}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407 of}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407 the fact that his identity was n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 ot corroborated. See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid14764407\charrsid14764407 Chila & Another v R [1961]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid14576846\charrsid14764407 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid14576846\charrsid14764407 EA 722}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 We believe that in the circumstances the complainant could not have been mistaken about th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407 e identity of the defiler as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 she knew him before and he detained her for the whole}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407 night. Ground 3 has no merit. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 Regarding }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407\charrsid8144448 grounds}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407 5 and 6, Mr. Mutabingw}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 a submitt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407 ed that the inconsistencies and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 untruthfulness of the prosecution witnesses were major and pointed to deliberate untruthfulness of the prosecution witnesses. The contradictions counsel complained of were four. Firstly that the complainant testified that she was defiled on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 16/12/1992 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407 whereas Bernard Ntanda\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 (PW3) testimony is to the effect that }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407 the complainant was defiled in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407\charrsid8144448 November}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 19 92. Secondly, that the complainant testified that she was treated by h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407 er mother whereas Joven Sinalirw}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 e in her evidence said that she knew of the defilement of her daughter after one year. Thirdly, that Bernard Ntanda (PW3) told court that he went to the h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407 ome of Vicent Katono (PW4) on 15th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 November at night to report the matter but did not find him at home. He returned on the morning of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid14764407 16th }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407\charrsid14764407 November}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407 then he found Katono}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid14764407 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407\charrsid14764407 Vicent (}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid14764407 PW4) and reported }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14764407 the case. The evidence of Katon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid14764407 o Vicent is to the contrary, t hat PW3 went to his home only once in the morning of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid14764407 16th }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid14764407 No}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10367431 vember 1992 }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10367431\charrsid8144448 report}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10367431\charrsid8144448 Fourthly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 , that the complainant testified that there was a grudge between her uncle Bernard Ntanda (PW3) and the appellant but the latter denied the existence of that g rudge but Bernard Ntanda (PW3). In reply Mr. Wagona supported the learned trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10367431\charrsid8144448 judge\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 finding that all those contradictions a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10367431 nd inconsistencies were minor. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 We also agree with the learned trial judge\rquote s finding. The contradictions and inconsistencies were minor. We appreciate that the complainant was an illiterate peasant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10367431 girl and it is possible to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 testify that the incident took place in December when it was in November. The complainant lived with her uncle Bernard Ntanda (PW3) and when she told court that she was treated by her mother she must have meant her uncle\rquote s wife, with whom she lived. Whether Bernard Ntanda (PW3) went to report the matter at night or not cannot be taken as a deliberate lie. It is possible that the witness went to the chairman\rquote s home at night and did not see him. Regarding the grudge, even if it were true that the appellant fought with Bernard Ntanda (PW3) the alleged grudge is far removed from the offence the appellant was charged with, as it does not concern \line }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 PW3. Ground}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10367431 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 5an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10367431 d 6 too fail. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 In ground 8 Mr. Mutabingwa contended that the sentence of ten years imprisonment was manifestly excessive in the circumstances. The appellant was a first offender, was aged 24 years and had spent on remand a period of 4 years. He suggested that a period of four years imprisonment was sufficient. Counsel quoted no legal authorities to support his submissions. Mr. Wagona supported the sentence that it was not excessive. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10367431 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 Before passing sentence of ten years imprisonment the learned trial judge took into account the age of the appellant, the period he had spent on remand and the nature of the offence committed. This court will only interfere with the sentence passed by the trial court if it is evident that the trial court acted as a wrong princi ple or overlooked some material factor or the sentence is either illegal or is manifestly excessive or so low as to amount to a miscarriage of justice. See Section 137 of The Trial on Indictments Decree No. 26 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 1971. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 Livingstone Kakooza v Uganda }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 Supreme Court. Criminal Appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 No. 17 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 of 1993 (unreported) in which }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid10367431 Ogalo s/o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 Owoura V}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid10367431 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 R (1954) 21 EACA 270 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 was quoted with approval. The maximum sentence for the offence of defilement is death. We find that the sentence of 10 years imprisonment was neither illegal nor manifestly exce}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10367431 ssive. Ground 8 too must fail. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 As we find no merits in this appea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10367431 l it is accordingly dismissed. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 Dated at Kampala this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10367431 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid10367431\charrsid10367431 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10367431 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10367431\charrsid8144448 day}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10367431 June}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 2000. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10367431 \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\ipgp1\pararsid10367431 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 S. T. Manyindo \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10367431 Deputy Chief Justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14576846\charrsid8144448 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10367431 \par A. Twinomujuni \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10367431 Justice of Appeal. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10367431\charrsid10367431 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10367431 C. N. 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